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η Ζεὺς ἔδωκεν Φερσεφόνα, κατένευσεν τέ μοι χαίταις, ἀριστεύοισαν εὐκάρπου χθονὸς

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'ET. a'.

15 ο Σικελίαν πίειραν ὀρθώσειν κορυφαῖς πολίων ἀφνεαῖς· ὁ ὤπασε δὲ Κρονίων πολέμου μναστῆρά τοι χαλκεντέος ὁ λαὸν ἵππαιχμον, θαμὰ δὴ καὶ Ολυμπιάδων φύλλοις ἐλαιῶν χρυσέοις

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α μιχθέντα. πολλῶν ἐπέβαν καιρὸν οὐ ψεύδει βαλών·

In uncials

σῳ τῇ Σικελίᾳ, κ.τ.λ. ΣΠ and Εr were not unlike, For phrase cf. Ο. 11. 94 τὶν δ ̓ ἀδυεπής τα λύρα | γλυκύς τ' αὐλὸς ἀναπάσσει χάριν. The poet invokes himself or the chorus. The word τινὰ apologises for the boldness of the phrase, as dyλatav has not elsewhere the meaning wanted, namely, ' fame' or 'song,' though the ode is dyλatas dpxà in P. 1. 2, cf. Frag. 182 χοροὶ καὶ Μοῖσα καὶ ̓Αγλαΐα. There is an allusion to the φυλλοβολία, cf. Ρ. 9. 123.

14 ἔδωκεν As a dowry on her union with Pluto. Perhaps there is a covert allusion to the temples of Dêmêter and her daughter, built by Gelo. The Schol. is needlessly exercised at the δέμνιον 'Αρτέμιδος being in a possession of Persephone's, and suggests that the two goddesses were identical, citing Kallim. Hecale οι νυ καὶ ̓Απόλλωνα παναρκέος · Ηελίοιο | χῶρι διατμήγουσι καὶ εὔποδα Δηιωΐνην ['Αρτέμιδος. ἀριστεύοισαν This goes with the predicate, as bearing off the palm for fertility of soil ' (lit. • from (all) fruitful soil '). Cf. Bacchyl. 3. 1 ἀριστοκάρπου Σικε λίας.

16 ὀρθώσειν This sense 'raise to greatness, or splendor, or renown (I. 4. 48, 5. 65) is a metaphor from raising up a prostrate person to an erect position or from raising up a conspicuous Orection such as & πύργος (Ι. 4.

44 f.) or στάλα (Ν. 4. 81). The κορυφαὶ πολίων ἀφνεαί, cities unsurpassed in wealth, are the στῆλαι which perpetuated the renown of Sicily. For κορυφαί in this sense 'prime, choicest specimens,' cf. v. 34, Ο. 1. 13 δρέπων κορυφὰς ἀρετᾶν ἄπο πασᾶν. It is equivalent to ἄωτος; ' choicest bloom, Here and v. 31 there is perhaps hypallage, cf. O. and P. p. xxiii.

16 μναστήρα Cf. P. 12. 24 μναστήρ ̓ ἀγώνων. χαλκεντέος The epithet alludes to the fame of the Sicilian armour, cf. P. 2. 2.

17 θαμὰ δὴ και 'Right often even.' Ολυμπιάδων. With special complimentary allusion to the victories of Gelo and Hiero B.c. 488. χρυσέοις For this epithet, meaning only ' glittering, cf. Ο. 8. 1, 10. 13, P. 10. 40. Prof. Paley, however, on Martial 9. 23. 1, suggests that even in Pindar's times the crown was actually of gold (cf. N. 7. 77—— 79), or that the leaves were gilded.

18 μιχθέντα Lit. ‘brought into contact with. Cf. N. 9. 31, Ο. 1. 21 κράτει δὲ προσέμιξε δεσπόταν, Ν. 2. 22 ὀκτὼ στεφάνοις ἔμιχθεν ἤδη. V. 56 infra, the use is not quite similar. Mr Fanshawe suggests that the lemma, coming so close to μναστῆρα, 'wooer,' may here mean wedded'; so Holmes. L. and S. wrongly render μν. here and in P. 12. 24, 'calling to mind,' 'mindful of.' Dissen compares μνήσασθαι χάρμης,

· ἔσταν δ' ἐπ' αὐλείαις θύραις 20 1 ἀνδρὸς φιλοξείνου καλὰ μελπόμενος,

but the idea is not the same. The aor.='call to mind,' norhp='one who keeps in mind of.' wodλwv, K.T.λ. I have mounted upon a copious theme, having aimed at moderation with a statement of simple truth.' The Aldine and Roman editions with two Scholia make καιρὸν object of βαλών. It is generally taken as the object of éréßar, a construction which lacks support. Pindar has briefly mentioned five points on which a poet might dilate, the divine patronage of Sicily, its fertility, the wealth of its cities, its achievements in war and in games. He has stated truths without exaggeration. But only to dismiss them and turn to his special theme, the praise of Chromios, &c.

In this difficult sentence the poet checks himself--the suggestion of the necessity for doing so being a compliment to Sicily, Syracuse and Hiero, the fact that he does so a compliment to Chromios. Thus ov Yeúde 'not with a false statement.' For dat. cf. O. 11. [10.] 72 μᾶκος δὲ Νικεὺς ἔδικε πέτρῳ ; Ι. 1. 24. What he has said is a Bélos shot Μοισᾶν ἀπὸ τόξων (Ο. 9. 5). Both

ἐπέβαν and ἔσταν are idiomatic aorists indicating the immediate past; the former refers to the recitation of the previous verses, the latter to the arrival of the chorus at the place of recitation. kaupov οὐ ψεύδει βαλών • Having aimed at moderation with no false statement.' The song which was a team of mares, v. 7, and a building, v. 8, is again a team, behind which the poet mounts the car of Sicily's merits, and then in a flash is an unerring missile. Cf. Aesch. Suppl. 416 γλῶσσα τοξεύσασα μὴ τὰ καίρια,

Στρ. β'.

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N. 6. 27, 28. Of course Baλur is lit. 'having hit,' which is obviously im. plied in my translation. Having hit the mark of' is clumsy. Note that the action of Baλwr is prior to that οἱ ἐπέβαν. The poet is a shooter or hurler as a selecter of ideas for his ode, a charioteer as applying them to the occasion, expressing, and uttering them. There is therefore no confusion of metaphor. For the sense given to κapòr cf. P. 1. 81 καιρὸν εἰ φθέγξαιο, 9. 78, Ο. 9. 38, P. 10. 4. Dr Postgate's interpretation is substantially the same as the above, and he quotes N. 8. 37 for the emphatic application of the negative to a single word.

10 αὐλείαις The chorus with the poet were, it would seem, just outside the πρόθυρον (cf. P. 3. 78, I. 7. 3). Perhaps they were in the πρόθυρον, for the εὐτειχὲς pólupov of 0. 6. 1 could hardly have been a space before a door or a porch' (L. and S., Smith's Dict. of Antiquities, Guhl and Koner); but was probably walled on three sides and with pillars in the front like the póvaos of a templum in antis. Probably in such cases the αὐλεία θύρα opened immediately into the peristyle without a Ovpúv, a narrow passage' or 'entrance chamber,' which would ap pear in town houses when the sides of the polupov were built up to form chambers. According to L. and S. the household gods were in the po@upor, but Smith's Dict. of Ant. places them in the peristyle.

20 κaláNoble achievements,' ef. Ο. 10. 18, 13. 11 έχω καλά τε φράσαι, τόλμα τε κ.τ.λ. Bacchyl. 2. 6 καλῶν δ' ἀνέμνασεν ὅσ'. ἐπιδεί Faμev. Bergk suggests the rare form

3 ἔνθα μοι ἁρμόδιον

δεῖπνον κεκόσμηται, θαμὰ δ ̓ ἀλλοδαπών

5 οὐκ ἀπείρατοι δόμοι

[φέρειν 35

6 ἐντί· λελογχε δὲ μεμφομένοις ἐσλοὺς ὕδωρ καπνῷ

«Ma, for which before a consonant there is no good authority, while any alteration is gratuitous.

21 Ένθα 'In whose hall.' Though, as the victory was won at the summer Nemea, the feast may have been held outside. άρμόδιον Cf. P. 4. 129 ξείνι' ἁρμόζοντα, aud the Homeric δαιτὸς εΐσης.

22 ἀλλοδαπών Includes the poet, who was in Sicily this year, and perhaps was present. For Chromios' hospitality cf. N. 9. 2.

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24 Αντί See ἔστι ν. 10. Μ. λογχο, κ.τ.λ. The following version is suggested by the reading oλds of the best Mss., and supported by O. 1. 53 ακέρδεια λελογχεν θαμινά και kayopos, sore loss hath oft befallen evil speakers'; 'It hath befallen the noble against cavillers, to bring water against smouldering firo (of envy),' taking μeupoμévois as dat. incom. to the whole phrase ὕδωρ καπνῷ φέρειν ἀντίον und φέρειν, K.T.A. as inf. subject to Xéλoyxe. Obviously any infinitive phrase as subject can take the place of any abstract noun such as ȧkéρdela. Note the chiasmos μεμφομένοις ἐστ λοὺς ὕδωρ καπνῷ, which accounts for the order. The metaphor of water for streams of song is used, as here, in connexion with strangers N. 7. 61 1. ξεϊνός εἰμι· σκοτεινὸν (κοτεινὸν) ἀπέχων ψόγον, | ὕδατος ὥστε μοὰς φίλον ἐς ἄνδρ ̓ ἄγων | κλέος ετήτυμον αἰνέσω· ποτίφορος δ ̓ ἀγαθοῖσι μισθὸς OUTOS. Plutarch, Frag. 23. 2 TOV φθόνον ἔνιοι τῷ καπνῷ εἰκάζουσι, was thinking more of other applications of the similitude than of this passage, for he goes on to explain πολὺς γὰρ ἐν τοῖς ἀρχομένοις ὤν, ὅταν ἐκλάμψωσιν, ἀφανίζεται

ἥκιστα γοῦν τοῖς πρεσβυτέροις φθονοῦ ow. The connexion of this difficult passage is not impaired by making the statement general. The worthy by noble conduct with poets who celebrate the same drown the voices of cavillers with song. Divers folk have divers arts. (This comprehends the idea that it is the poet's work to perpetuate a victory as much as it is the work of men of action to gain one.) One must walk uprightly and make the best use of natural powers in the fight of life. Strength, to wit, has its function in action, intellect in counsel, in the case of those who have an innate gift of foresight (which class includes the poet and also, as is at once stated, Chromios).' As to sentiment vv. 24-33 have much in common with I. 1. 40-51.

There are several inferior interpretations. (4.) But he hath got good men and true against cavillers (dat. incommodi) so as to bring water against smoke,' i.e. to use to drown the voice of envy; so Hermann, Don. (B.) Dissen also approves; but says," Credas etiam sit jungi posse: λελογχε, ἐσλοὺς μεμφομένοις ὕδωρ κάπνῳ ἀντία φέρειν, consequutus est hoc, ut probi viri obtrectatoribus aquam obviam ferant fumo, quem movent." He objects however to an accusative and infinitive after Xayxável as unsupported. (C.) Matthiae proposes λελογχεν ἐσλούς, μ. θ. ά. φ. (ὥσπερ) KаTV. (D.) Mommsen (after a Schol.) renders "Innata vero est (sortito evenit) iis qui bonos vituperare solent ars fumum [gloriae] aquí [reprehensionis] restinguendi.” (E.)

Tis men's lot when cavilling at

ἀντίον. τέχναι δ' ἑτέρων ἕτεραι· χρὴ δ' ἐν εὐθείαις

ὁδοῖς στείχοντα μάρνασθαι φυᾷ,

25 7

1 πράσσει γὰρ ἔργῳ μὲν σθένος,

1 βουλαῖσι δὲ φρήν, ἐσσόμενον προϊδεῖν
3 συγγενὲς οἷς ἔπεται.

+ ̓Αγησιδάμου παῖ, σέο δ' ἀμφὶ τρόπῳ

30 3 τῶν τε καὶ τῶν χρήσιες.

'Αντ. β'.

40

[ἔχειν, 45

6 οὐκ ἔραμαι πολὺν ἐν μεγάρῳ πλοῦτον κατακρύψαις ἀλλ ̓ ἐόντων εὖ τε παθεῖν καὶ ἀκοῦσαι φίλοις έξαρκέων. κοιναὶ γὰν ἔρχοντ ̓ ἐλπίδες

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the good to bring water to check smoke,' i.e. to increase what they wish to diminish (von Leutsch). (F.) Bergk would alter ἐντί· λ. το ἀντιλέλογχεν, only found, I believe, as an Attic law term.

25 ἀντίον The prominent position helps the application to μεμ φομένας as well as to καπνῷ. See Introd. for the echo ἀντιά- ν. 68. τέχναι δ' &. 1. For sentiment cf. O. 9. 104-107, 8. 12—14, N. 7. 54, Bacchyl. 10. 35-45. στείχοντα For metaphor cf. O. 1. 115 εἴη σέ τε τοῦτον ὑψοῦ χρόνου πατεῖν, Ν. 8. 35. Note echo v. 65. μάρνασθαι Cf. N. 5. 47 ἐσλοῖσι μάρναται πέρι πᾶσα πόλις. φυᾷ For the superiority of natural over acquired attainments, cf. O. 2. 86, 9. 100 τὸ δὲ φυᾷ κράτιστον ἅπαν, Ν. 3. 40 f.

26 πράσσει ‘Exercises its func tion, cf. Frag. 108 πρασσόντων με λέων. This does not contradict Frag. 14 ἐν ἔργμασι δὲ νικᾷ τύχα, οὐ σθένος.

27 ἱσσόμενον, κ.τ.λ. ‘In those whose birthright it is to foresee what shall be.'

29 σέο, κ.τ.λ. ' In thy character are faculties for using both this endowment and that For ἀμφὶ cf. Ρ. 5. 111 ἀμφὶ βουλαῖς, in which

⚫ on

passage Arkesilas also is praised for έργα as well as βουλαί. Lit. the various sides of'; the faculties are observed from the outside. δ' For de after vocative cf. O. and P. index, N. 2. 14. For τῶν τε καὶ τῶν cf. O. 2. 53, I. 3. 51 ; here all the varieties are good.

81 Euripides seems to be thinking of these two lines, Ion, 639 οὐ φιλῶ ψογοὺς κλύειν ] ἐν χερσὶ σῴζων ὄλβον οὐδ ̓ ἔχειν πόνους, κατακρύ ψαις έχειν Conditum habere, cf. γήμας ἔχεις, Soph. Οed. R. 577. For sentiment cf. I. 1. 67 f., Bacchyl. 3. 12 (Ιέρων) δς παρὰ Ζηνὸς λαχών | πλείσταρχον Ελλάνων γέρας οίδε πυργωθέντα πλοῦτον μὴ μελαμ φαρέ κρύπτειν σκότῳ.

82 But from what I have both to enjoy myself and to have the credit of being duly open-handed to (lit. ' thoroughly satisfying ') my friends. For the expectations of men, born to sore trouble as all are, are uncertain for all alike.' For the uncertainty cf. Bacchyl. τὸ μέλλον | δ ̓ ἀκρίτους τίκτει τελευτάς, where ἀκρίτ. = "uncertain, cf. O. 2. 30 f. ιόντων Cf. Theognis, 1009 τῶν αὐτοῦ κτεάνων εὖ πάσχεμεν. Cf. P. 3. 104 for sentiment, also Simonides, 85 [60] ν. 13 ̓Αλλὰ σὺ ταῦτα μαθὼν βιότου ποτὶ τέρμα | ψυχῇ τῶν ἀγαθῶν

Επ. β'.

ο πολυπόνων ἀνδρῶν. ἐγὼ δ' Ηρακλέος δ' Ηρακλέος ἀντέχομαι προφρόνως

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ὁ ἐν κορυφαῖς ἀρετᾶν μεγάλαις, ἀρχαῖον ἀτρύνων λόγον, 35 ο ὡς, ἐπεὶ σπλάγχνων ύπο ματέρος αὐτίκα θαητὰν ἐς αἴγλαν παῖς Διὸς

ὰ ὠδῖνα φεύγων διδύμῳ σὺν κασιγνήτῳ μόλεν,

ι ὡς οὐ λαθών χρυσόθρονον

1 "Ηραν κροκωτὸν σπάργανον ἐγκατέβα.

πλῆθι χαριζόμενος and see L. and S. β. ν. χαρίζομαι for genitive. The gen. of the fund drawn upon for the action is a gen. of source, origin. Cf. also Bacchyl. 1. 27 ff. εἰ δ' ὑγιείας | θνατὸς ἐὼν ἔλαχεν, ζώειν τ' ἀπ ̓ οἰκείων ἔχει, | πρώτοις ἐρίζει. ἐξαρκέων Dissen explains ἐ. φίλαις αὐτῶν—bestowing of them plentifully on my friends." But cf. Eur. Suppl. 574 ἡ πᾶσιν οὖν σ ̓ ἔφυ σεν ἐξαρκεῖν πατήρ ; ' did thy father then beget thee to be a match for all men?' κοιναὶ γὰρ ἔρχοντ' Cf. Ν. 7. 30 κοινὸν ἔρχεται | κῦμ ̓ ̓Αΐδα, O. 1. 99, 100.

33 πολυπόνων Cf Eur. Οr. 976 πανδάκρυτ' ἐφαμέρων | ἔθνη πολύπονα, λεύσσεθ', ὡς παρ' ἐλπίδας | μοῖρα βαίνει...βροτῶν δ' ὁ πᾶς ἀστ τάθμητος αιών. The idea of πολυπόνων refects on ἐλπίδες and sug. gests the antiphrasis, cf. supra, v. 15. εγώ For ἐγὼ introducing & myth cf. I. 1. 14. ἀντέχομαι Ι

claim preeminence in devotion to,' ef. Thuk. 1. 13 τῆς θαλάσσης μᾶλλον ἀντείχοντο, ‘made seafaring more an object of rivalry,' 'vied with each other more in attention to maritime pursuits.'

84 ἐν κορυφαῖς For év, 'in the sphere of,' cf. my O. and P. p. xxvi; for κορυφαῖς cf. supra, v. 15 and O. 13. 15 ἄκραις ἀρεταῖς. στρύνων For the phrase cf. I. 3.

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Στρ. γ'.

40, 41 ἐκ λεχέων ἀνάγει φάμαν παι λαιὰν εὐκλέων ἔργων· ἐν ὕπνῳ γὰρ πέσεν' ἀλλ' ἀνεγειρομένα, κ.τ.λ.

85 ὡς, ἐπεί s88. read ὡς ἐπεὶ and v. 87 ws T' ov. Mommsen proposes λόγον | τοῦδ' ὅπᾳ (cf. for gen. P. 7. 9, N. 4. 71, 7. 21, 32 and for δπα Ο. 11. 56) from Beck's τὸν δ' όπως and the περὶ αὐτοῦ of the Schol. Vet. Hermann ws dpa or v. 37 οὔ τοι, the latter approved by Don. I incline to Böckh's beginning of v. 35, ὥς τ' or ὥς τε, leaving the third particle doubtful, keeping ὥς τ', ν. 37. The second, resumptive, ὡς demands illustration. υπο Cf. O. 6. 43, quoted just below. αὐτίκα This must not be taken with ἐπεὶ as=ἐπεὶ τάχιστα, ἐπειδὴ πρῶτον, which is Dissen's expla nation. The adverb indicates the normal progress of the delivery as in O. 6. 43 ἦλθεν δ' ὑπὸ σπλάγ χνων ὑπ ̓ ὠδῖνός τ ̓ ἐρατᾶς Ιαμος | ἐς φάος αὐτίκα, which passage also illustrates θαητὰν ἐς αἴγλαν μόλεν, ὠδῖνα φεύγων, σπλάγχνων ύπο. Cf. Ι. 16. 187 f. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ τόν γε μογοστόκος Ειλείθυια | ἐξάγαγε πρὸ φόωσδε καὶ ἡλίου ἴδεν αὐγάς. The infant Iamos too was visited by two snakes, but they came to feed him.

38 εγκατέβα Hardly stepped into' with supernatural precocity, as Prof. Paley suggests; for the

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