35 15 η θαμά κε, τῷδε μέλει κλιθείς, 8 γόνον κελάδησε καλλίνικον 1 Κλεωναίου τ' ἀπ ̓ ἀγῶνος I ποικιλοφόρμιγγος ἀοιδᾶς, also of the fute N. 8. 15 φέρων Λυδίαν μίτραν καναχηδὰ πεποικιλμέναν. For construction cf. Hês. Scut. Herc. 202 lμepbev Kilάpite. The Schol. rightly takes ποικ. κιθ. with ἐθάλπετο, after which editors have put the comma, disregarding the position of ke. 15 Tôde μéλe For the dat. cf. Ο. 1, 92 'Αλφεοῦ πόρῳ κλιθείς. Here perhaps 7de is 'such,' cf. O. 4. 24, N. 9. 42, Aesch. Ag. 942 viknv tývde. Render devoting himself (so Paley) to such a strain.' Mezger 'an dieses Lied sich anschliessend = mein Lied mit der Kithara begleitend.' If the father of Timâsarchos was a 'lyric poet,' as Don. and Dissen say, Pindar would probably not use language that would make him manifestly inferior to himself. But Mezger more cautiously calls the father only a musician, which is all that can be strictly inferred from the passage. Even so the aμá and the aorist suggest that 74de should not be limited to the present ode, especially as three victories are immediately mentioned. 16 yóvov Some substantive denoting the victor is (as Bergk saw, reading vidv) needed to justify the change from the second person to the third vv. 21, 23, in spite of Dissen's 'transitu maxime Pindarico.' He compares N. 5. 43, 45, but that passage (q. v.) is irrelevant. The v. ι. πέμψαντος v. 18 is of inferior Ms. authority, and though supported by the Schol. yet is clearly taken wrongly, and is a very obvious grammarian's alteration, and at best gives a very harsh construction, so that we should decide in favor of πέμψαντα for having ὅρμον στεφάνων Στρ. γ'. brought,' and against Duvov. I formerly suggested raid' dy-, thinking that a lacuna had been filled up with Ouvor. It is simpler to assume that a gap before -vov was filled with μ- instead of y6-. No one with vidy before him would be likely to expand it into tμvov, and even if vor vi were followed by a gap the lack of врасе would probably preclude the conjecture μvov. Between yó- and Bu there is much less difference of Врасе than between and uv. There is a little more distinction in yórov than in υἱόν. κελ. καλλ. | Κλε Curiously echoed by v. 80 Kaλλikλeî KEλEVELS (and v. 86, of Kallikles, γλῶσσαν εὑρέτω κελαδῆτιν). เ 17 Kλewvalov Cf. N. 10. 42. The citizens of Kλewval near Nemea managed the Nemean games for a long period, in which fell the dates of these two odes N. 4 and 10, and going back at least a generation. Cf. Plut. Vit. Arat. c. 28. One Schol. on the Nemeans says that first the Kleônaeoi and then the Corinthians presided. T'...T' (v. 19) Couple the ar' clause to the ouvex' clause. ὅρμον στεφάνων The plur. of στέφανος is used in reference to s single victory, P. 2. 6, 3. 73, 10. 26, I. 3. 11, N. 9. 53. The victors probably carried home crowns given to them in the φυλλοβολία (Ρ. 9. 123 πολλὰ μὲν κεῖνοι δίκον | φύλλ' ἔπι καὶ σtepárous) as well as the prize chaplet. Hence the phrase a string (festoon) of crowns' might refer to one victory, or as here to two. It is possible that ὅρμον στεφάνων may refer to the crowns of the chorus, cf. Eur. Herc. Fur. 677 μὴ ζῴην μετ' αμουσίας, ἀεὶ δ ̓ ἐν στεφάνοισιν εἴην. 20 2 πέμψαντα καὶ λιπαρᾶν 3 ευωνύμων ἀπ' ̓Αθανᾶν, Θήβαις τ' ἐν ἑπταπύλοις 4 οὔνεκ' 'Αμφιτρύωνος ἀγλαὸν παρὰ τύμβον 6 Αἰγίνας κατι. φίλοισι γὰρ φίλος ἐλθὼν 8 'Ηρακλέος ολβίαν πρὸς αὐλάν. 18 λιπαρᾶν For the two ad jectives, one descriptive, the other complimentary, cf. P. 9. 55, 106. For λιπαρών ct. Frag. 54, I. 2. 20. 20 Cf. Schol. on O. 7. 154 (84) τὰ 'Ηράκλεια καὶ ̓Ιολάεια ἐτελεῖτο ἐν ταῖς Θήβαις, ἐδίδοτο δὲ τῷ νικήσαντι τρίπους χαλκούς. The Scholl. on 0. 9. 148 tell us that the Herakleia (Iolaia) at Thebes were held by the common monument of Amphitryon and Iolios, see also Pausanias 9. 23. 1 Θηβαίοις δὲ πρὸ τῶν πυλῶν ἐστὶ τῶν Προιτίδων (Ν.Ε.) καὶ τὸ Ιολάου καλούμενον γυμνάσιον καὶ στάδιον...ἐνταῦθα δείκνυται καὶ ἡρῷον Ιολάου. Pindar speaks of 'Ιολάου τύμβος in connexion with these games, Ο. 9. 98. For the other Theban games held outside the Gate of Elektra (s. w.) cf. I. 3. 79. 21 οὐκ ἀέκ. Pindar's favorite meiosis, cf. οὐ κατελέγχειν, οὐκ ἄτερ and v. 77. μίγνυον For this use of μίγνυμι cf. Ο. 1. 22. The φυλλοβολία is probably referred to. Cf. note on v. 17 ὅρμον στεφάνων. Böckh quotes Paus. 6. 7. 1, Clem. Alex. Paedag. 2. 8. 22 Alylvas Thêbê and Aegina were sisters, daughters of Asôpos by Metôpè. Cf. O. 6. 84, I. 7. 1517. The Thebans applied to Aegina for aid against Athens when told by the Delphic oracle (r. c. 504) τῶν ἄγκιστα δέεσθαι, Hirod. 5. 79, 80. φίλοισι...φίλος An adverbial phrase ='on terms of mutual friendship. 30 35 The dative does not go with doru but with φίλος. ἐλθὼν goes with doru, cf. P. 4. 52, I. 2. 48. 28 ξένιον Bound to welcome him,' rather than 'strange,' as Paley and Myers render. I take the Homeric sense 'hospes' to be older than the non-Homeric strange.' κατέδραμεν Old ass. give κατέδρακεν which Mommsen reads, rendering κατέδρ. ἐλθ. ‘venit et conspexit, adding πρός ex veniendo suspensum est.' The better sense and construction decide in favor of the text. The metaphor is from navigation, 'run ashore, into port'; so έδραμεν of a ship, Theognis. Dissen's κατέδραμεν = κατέδυ is not right. Mezger renders 'ran down through the city': see next note. The metaphor applied to an Aeginetan is quite happy. If Thebes had been a port there would be no metaphor at all. In respect of hospitality Thebes is another Aegina. 24 'Ηρακλέος...αὐλάν Mezger thinks that the Herakleion outside the Gate of Elektra (Paus. 9. 11. 2) is meant, where the Aiginetan probably sacrificed before the games held at the opposite side of the city. Better Müller's view that 'the house of Amphitryon' is intended, the lodgings of the competitors (καταλύσεις τῶν ἀθλητῶν) being in the neighbourhood: comp. Böckh Corp. Inscr. Gr. 1, pp. 573 ff. 25 ι σὺν ᾧ ποτε Τρωΐαν κραταιὸς Τελαμών 3 πόρθησε καὶ Μέροπας 3 καὶ τὸν μέγαν πολεμιστὰν ἔκπαγλον ̓Αλκυον, οὐ τετραορίας γε πρὶν δυώδεκα πέτρῳ 4 5 ἥρωάς τ' ἐπεμβεβαῶτας ἱπποδάμους ελεν 30 6 δις τόσους. ἀπειρομάχας έών κε φανείη 25 Cf. N. 8. 87, Apollodoros 2. 6. 4, II. 5. 638. v လို Note the dextrous transition to myth. 26 Μέροπας The inhabitants of Kos. Cf. I. 5. 31. Note the zeugma; but of. N. 3. 37, Eur. H. F. 700. 27 Cf. O. and P. p. xxiv. 'Aλ. KVOV A Giant slain by Herakles at Phlegra, the Isthmos of Pallênê probably, cf. Schol. on N. 1. 67 (100), I. 5. 33 (47) (though Pindar may have placed the Gigantomachia in Campania); but according to the Schol. a giant whose kine Herakles was driving from Erytheia and who was killed at the Isthmos of Corinth. There seems to be a confusion with the legend of Geryones by the Schol. Cf. Apollodoros 1. 6. 1, 2. 7. 1. The statement that Telamon vanquished Alkyoneus may be in accordance with Æginetan legend, but the language need not be pressed. What Telamon did with Herakles may include what Hêrakles did himself. Still Telamon as orλrns may have given the coup de grâce after Herakles as Xós had brought the giant down with his arrows. Cf. I. 5. 33. 28 γε πρίν Cf. πρίν γέ ο... χαλινὸν | Παλλάς ἤνεγκ', Ο. 13. 65. Elsewhere in Pindar wply as a conjunction takes the infinitive. TE Tpaoplas The Homeric war chariots were bigae or trigae except in the case of Hektor, Il. 8. 185, a suspected line, the Schol. Ven. denying that Homer ever men Στρ. δ'. 40 45 50 tions a quadriga. Amphiaraos has Te@pirovs Eur. Suppl. 925-927. The four-horse war chariots of post-Homeric Greek literature were perhaps borrowed from the Persians. Cf. Xen. Cyropaed. 6. 1. 27, 28. Euripides gives four-horse war chariots to Hyllos and Eurystheus, Heracl. 802, 860, to Thebans and Argives generally Suppl. 667, 675, and mentions such chariots for travelling (in flight) Hel. 1039, Ion 1241. 29 ἐπεμβεβαώτας This is a case of the strictly adjectival use of the participle, in which case the presence or absence of the article makes very little difference when the noun is definite. Cf. N. 7. 65. 30 δις τόσους The ἡνίοχος and παραιβάτης of each of the twelve chariots. ἀπειρομάχας ‘Manifestly without experience of battle is whoso understandeth not the say. ing: for "when achieving aught it is likely that one should suf fer.' 199 For this saying cf. Aesch. Choeph. 313 δράσαντι παθεῖν, | τρι γέρων μῦθος τάδε φωνεῖ, where as Don. says the application is different, as the different tense of the participle shows. With the pres. the consequences of undertaking or beginning an action are considered, with the aorist the consequences of having done an action. Pindar has apparently adapted and extended the old formula which asserted that we must take the consequences of η λόγον ὁ μὴ συνιείς· ἐπεὶ 8 ῥέζοντά τι καὶ παθεῖν ἔοικεν. τὰ μακρὰ δ ̓ ἐξενέπειν ἐρύκει με τεθμὸς 1 ωραί τ' ἐπειγόμεναι· 85 3 ἴυγγι δ' ἕλκομαι ἦτορ νεομηνία θιγέμεν. our conduct. Paley maya Aristotle 88 The duo arrangomont (of my ode) and the time (occupied by the procession and so allowed for theperformance of the ode) pressing on prevent my telling at length the long tale.' 1. I. 1. 60 πάντα ἐξειπεῖν, ὅσ' ἀγώνιος Ερμᾶς | Ηρο δότῳ ἔπορεν ἵπποις, ἀφαιρεῖται βραχὺ μέτρον ἔχων | ὕμνος. τεθμός The usual structure' (Mezger), the prescribed limits. Cf. I. 5. 20 τέθμιόν μοι φαμὶ σαφέστατον εἶναι | τάνδ' ἐπιστείχοντα νᾶσον ῥαινέμεν εύλογίαις. 36 ἴυγγι Cf. P. 4. 214. I feel my heart drawn on by a charm to touch on the festival of the new moon.' But toy may here mean ‘a yearning, as in Aesch. Pers. 987, Aristoph. Lysistr. 1110. έλκομαι Cf. Theok. 2. 17 ζυγξ ἕλκε τὸ τῆνον ἐμὸν ποτὶ δῶμα τὸν ἄνδρα. The Schol. tells us that Iynx was daughter of Echo or Peitho, who having charmed Zeus into his pas sion for Io was changed into a Στρ. 6. 55 bird. νεομηνία Ο. Ν. 8. 9 Αν Ιερομηνία Νεμεάδι, σxplained by the Bohol, un for leρονουμηνίᾳ becau the beginning of the month is sacred to Apollo, and therefore the time of ἡ τῶν ἐπινίκων ευωχία. Hence the poet does not here refer to the day of the victory in the Nemean games, if G. F. Unger (quoted by Mezgor) is right in plaoing the summer Nemean games on the 18th of the Attic month Hekatombacon. He certainly does not touch on ἡ τῶν ἐπινίκων εὐωχία, and therefore there is small reason for saying that he desires to do so. A more comprehensible explanation is to be found, without even making the poet say the celebration of the victory when he means the victory. Probably the Theban Hêrakleia were celebrated at the beginning of the month, for the theme which he now dismisses is closely connected both in grammar and mythical association with the Thoban victory mentioned, v. 19. As for the tense οἱ ἴυγγι έλκομαι, the feeling remains though its effect has just past. The de then is disjunctive, introducing a sort of apology for the previous digression. Bergk conjectures νεοχμία (from Hesych. : νεοχμίη κίνησις πρόσφατος), Har tung, νέᾳ μνείᾳ. Bury boldly takes νεομ. as an adj. 36 ἔμπα This refers back (cf. Ν. 6. 4) to v. 32, the general statement, as well as to the following clause which gives a particular application;-notwithstanding the fact that worthy achievement involves suffering, though a deep sea (of detraction) has hold of thee by the middle, strain against the evil designs of foes. We shall surely be seen returning from the struggle in full light superior to our foes, while our adversaries, of envious mien (or 'blinded by envy'), keep their ineffectual saws tossing in obscurity till they sink to the ground.' If we understand the metaphor to be from a man up to his waist in the son, wo destroy the force of paleta. Pindar likens him. self to a swimmer wrestling with a deep sea in foul weather. Though he were immersed all but head and shoulders, the sea, if likened to a wrestler, would be said to hold him by the waist, that grip being apparently the strongest known to the palaestra. His adversaries' inventions are the ineffectual waves of the Hen of hostile criticism which are vanquished by the wrestling #wimmer, who then comes to the haven of success in the light of fame. Το χαμαιπετοῖσαν ἐκ τ metaphor from wrestling as well as ἔχει μέσσον. Lit., ἐν φάει gives & condition of the swimmer's struggle, for if the shore were enveloped in gloom a swimmer would generally be unable to land, So Odys. seus (Od. 5. 439) νῆχε παρέξ, ἐς γαῖαν δρώμενος εἴ που εφεύροι | ηϊόνας τε παραπλήγας λιμένας τε θαλάσσης, cf. ib. 392. Metaph. év páci= 'the bright season of fair renown' i.e. the triumph of openly uttered truth. The language also suits the return home of a victorious wrestler (cf. P. 8. 83-87). I do not do away with the half false antithesis of er pået and axor, which suggests the secret whisperings of malice as much if not more than the obscurity of the whisperers. Thus, we have one compound metaphor worked out regularly except in one minor detail. Pindar compares not his enemies but their yŵual keveal to waves. The error of taking datwr TéρTEρoι in a physical sense affords a less 'Dantesque image,' as Dr Postgate calls it, as datur stands for δαίων ἐπιβουλίας: but it seems right to explain the phrase, 'superior to (or victorious over') foes.' The word néprepos is almost always used in the sense of 'superior,' 'better,' in Tragedy, and so too P. 2. 60, 1. 1. 2. It is peculiarly ap propriato in reference to wrestling. The presence of the compound metaphor of wrestling with a sea is generally admitted, so that if vv. 38-41 can be explained in harmony with this, such an explanation has strong claims to acceptance. I cannot approve Dr Postgate's suggestion that the simile is drawn from a mountainous country. Pindar's detractors have occupied the passes and are hurling rocks upon him from the ob scurity, which however fall in effectual on the ground. Presently, like the Persians at Thermopylao, he carries the heights above them and pursues his way down the sunlit valleys on the other side.' For the form ura cf. Soph. Ai. 563 τοῖον πυλωρὸν φύλακα Τεύκρον ἀμφί σοι | λείψω τροφῆς ἄοκνον ἔμπα 1 kel ('assiduous all the same, although [Jebb]) τανῦν | τηλωπός olxvel. This passage scarcely illus trates the position of Eura, as Don. holds. καίπερ έχει An unsupported construction. Pindar himself uses the usual participle or adjectival phrase with kalwep at least four times. Ahrens proposed tuna kal (i.e. vel) περέχει, Don. έμπα, κείπερ. M88. give kal περ. The suggestions και, κείπερ are open to question, as the case seems neither imaginary nor, though actual, conceded with reluctance, or made light of. Cf. Jebb's note on kel, Soph. Aj. 563. Comparing the |