On June 17th, the British twelve-pounder thirty-six-gun frigate, Nymph, crew, 240 men and boys, fell in with the aforementioned French frigate, Cléopâtre, about five or six leagues distant from Start Point, when a furious action commenced; but, after its continuance for fifty minutes, a portion of the Nymph's crew boarded their opponent, and obtained her possession.

Crowds of Americans viewed, from its beginning to its termination, this long and close-fought action, from the Jersey beach. Captain Courtenay's widow had a pension of £500 settled on her, and each of his two children £50 each, as a reward of his gallantry and services.

About the middle of October, the British eighteen-pounder, thirty-six-gun frigate, Crescent, engaged the French thirty-six-gun frigate, Réunion, off Cape Barfleur, when, after a resistance of two hours, the Réunion struck her colours.

Towards the end of July, the British twelve-pounder thirty-two-gun frigate, Boston, Captain Courtenay, cruising off New York, in the hope of intercepting the thirty-six-gun French frigate, Embuscade, Captain Rompart, lying at anchor in that harbour, and which, during her last cruise, had captured or destroyed more than sixty British merchant-vessels, Captain Courtenay expressing a desire of meeting the French ship at sea, while anxiously waiting off Long Shore Island the expected encounter, reconnoitred on the 30th, a French squadron, consisting of two seventy-four's, four frigates, and six corvettes, in the south-east; but, desirous of keeping his appointment with the French cap- | struck her colours.

tain, he kept his station, the hostile squadron not observing him.

On the 31st, the Embuscade was descried coming down on the Boston. The English vessel immediately cleared for action. At five minutes past five A.M., a furious action commenced. At twenty minutes past six A.M., Captain Courtenay and Lieutenant Butler, of the marines, were killed by the same shot; Lieutenants Edwards and Kerr being both below, wounded; but the crew being in confusion for want of officers, in a few minutes Lieutenant Edwards came on deck, and took the command. Both ships being now much shattered and disabled, the Boston put before the wind all the sail she could set, when the Embuscade stood after her; but, at eight A.M., bringing to with her head to the eastward, was soon lost sight of by the Boston. The Boston's crew consisted of 204 men; that of the Embuscade, 327. The loss of the English frigate, in killed, was ten-in wounded, twenty-four; that of the French frigate, fifty, in killed and wounded.

On the 24th of October, an engagement took place between the British twelvepounder thirty-two-gun frigate, Thames, crew, 184 men and boys, and the French forty-gun frigate, Uranie, crew, 320, in lat. 47° 2' north, and long. 7° 22′ west, when, after about four hours' conflict, the Uranie hauled off to the southward; but the Thames was in too crippled a condition to make sail in pursuit; and four French frigates, soon after making their appearance, the Thames

On the 25th of November, the British twelve-pounder thirty-two-gun frigate, cruising in the bight of Leogane, St. Domingo, fell in with the French thirty-six-gun frigate, Inconstante, when, after an hour's contest, the English vessel, Iphigenia appearing in sight, the Inconstante hauled down her colours.

In North America, the French small fishing islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon, on the coast of Newfoundland, were, on the 14th of May, taken possession of by Brigadier-general Ogilvie. In the West Indies, the island of Tobago was, on the 15th of April, captured by Major-general Cuyler. In September, the British took possession, in consequence of an arrangement with the inhabitants, of Cape Nicholas-Mole, in the island of St. Domingo. In the East Indies, Pondicherry, and all the French settlements on the coast of Malabar, as well as those which were in the vicinity of Bengal, surrendered to the British arms: an event which was the prelude of the total extinction of French power in the East.

CAMPAIGN OF 1794 OF REPUBLICAN FRANCE.

THE preceding winter had been devoted, that quarter of the globe, were eventually both in Europe and France, to preparations to be dissolved in the struggle. England for a fresh campaign, in which all the esta- doubled its militia force, increased the army blished relations, and balance of power in to 60,000 men, the navy to 80,000 seamen, The campaign first opened in the Pyre- the valley of the Bastan, and forced the Col nees and the Alps. While severe reverses de Maya. Having overwhelmed the Spahad befallen the arms of the coalition on niards in two engagements, Moucey led his the side of Italy, on the Rhine, and in columns into the deep valley of Roncesvalles, Flanders, during the last campaign, the which is between Pamplona and Saint Jean

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Pie-de-Port, the pass in which romance military abilities gave him great considerarepresents Charlemagne and all his paladins tion and ascendancy in the army. Perto have been put to "dolorous rout" by the people of Navarre; and though harassed at every step, he overthrew his enemies in two successive engagements, on the 16th and 17th October. Having forced the heights of San Marcial, and captured the entrenched camp and fortified posts on the Bidassoa, he advanced to Fonterabia and | San Sebastian, which surrendered on the first summons. On the 28th November, he attacked the Spanish army, which occupied a strong position at the head of the pass between Pamplona and Roncesvalles, when the French left wing being defeated, Moucey retreated and took up his cantonments in

ceiving the impossibility of carrying the camp of Fourches by a direct attack in front, he prepared to turn Saorgio by its left, and thus cut off the retreat of its garrison and the camp at Fourches, by the great road over the Col, or defile de Tenda. Saorgio is situate in the valley of Roya. Parallel to this valley is that of Oneille, in which runs the Taggia. Napoleon Buonaparte's plan was to throw a division of 15,000 men into the valley of Oneille; to march that division to the sources of the Tanaro; then as far as Mount Tanarello; and thus to intercept the causeway of Saorgio, between the camp of Fourches and the defile of

Guipuscoa. On the 16th of the same month, Tenda. By this means he showed, that the

Dugommier attacked the Spanish army under General Courten, in the neighbourhood of the camp of Madeleine; and though the movements of the republican army was for a moment paralysed by the death of its general, who was killed by the bursting of a | shell, the Spaniards fell back, with the loss of their artillery, to their entrenched camp in the neighbourhood of Figueiras.

Discouraged by these defeats, and the disaffection of the inhabitants of the northern provinces, who indicated a love of democratic institutions, and the dream of independence as a separate republic under the protection of France, the Spanish government made proposals for peace, to which the central government of France were not disinclined to listen, as then two of their armies would be ready for attempting the meditated conquests to the south of the Alps. In the winter of 1794-'5, the military operations of the French armies in Spain were terminated.

On the side of the Alps, the French central government determined to establish their line of defence on that great chain of mountains. Towards Savoy, the republican armies had, in the preceding year, driven the Piedmontese into the valley of Pied

camp of Fourches, isolated from the Alps, must necessarily fall. The only objection to the plan was, that the French army must invade the territory of Genoa to carry it into execution. This was easy to accomplish; for the King of Sardinia, believing that the French would respect the neutrality of that republic, whose territories covered on one side the plains of Piedmont, and by the Rochetta and other passes afforded access to Alexandria and Turin, had neglected to take the precaution of fortifying himself on that side, collecting nearly all his strength in the passes of the Alps which led from Nice and Savoy, then in possession of the French. The plan of Napoleon Buonaparte was therefore adopted, and its execution immediately carried into operation.

On the 6th of April, the troops were in motion. Massena, with 20,000 men, passed the Roya, and advanced between Saorgio and the sea. Dumorbion remained in front of the enemy with 10,000 men; while Napoleon Buonaparte, with an equal force, advanced towards Oneille. Dumorbion attacked the position of the Piedmontese in front, while Massena and Napoleon Buonaparte advanced on their flanks and rear. Massena having traversed, at his pleasure, the

mont; but in order to open a road into neutral territory of Genoa, stormed the reItaly, the Little St. Bernard and Mount doubts of Col Ardente, one of the defiles of | Cenis must be reduced. On the side of the Alpine ridge. The attack of the centre, | Nice, the army of Italy was still encamped under Dumorbion, had been attended with before Saorgio, without being able to force equal success; while Napoleon Buonaparte, the formidable camp of Fourches. General having driven an Austrian division out of Dugommier had been replaced by Dumor- Oneille, had advanced to Ormea, in the bion, whose counsels were directed by valley of Tanaro. The Sardinian, or PiedNapoleon Buonaparte, who had obtained montese forces, being thus pressed in front, the rank of general-of-brigade for his ser- and menaced in the rear and flanks, abanvices at Toulon, and whose extraordinary doned Saorgio and their camp at Fourches, and fell back on the Col de Tenda, and ulti

mately abandoned that post to take refuge at Limona, beyond the chain of the Alps.

While these operations were taking place in the valley of Roya, the valleys of the Tinea and Vesubia were swept by the left of the army of Italy; and at the same time the army of the Alps, under General Dumas, was climbing Mont Cenis and the Little St. Bernard, and having forced those passes on the 23rd of April and the 14th of May, were advancing from the side of Savoy. The united armies of the Alps and Italy, now ascertaining that the Piedmontese and Austrians were projecting an attack along their line of posts, with the hope of compelling them to evacuate the Genoese territory, they scaled the Apennines, descended into Piedmont by the valley of the Bormida, and on the 21st of September, attacked the allies who were strongly posted at Cairo. The republican armies were led by Dumorbion, Massena, and Napoleon Buonaparte; but though they attacked with their usual impetuosity and assurance of victory, they were repulsed with the loss of 600 men. On the following day, however, the allies abandoned their strong position, and retired across the Bormida to Acqui. The results of this campaign were, that the imbecile King of Sardinia, Vittor Amedeo, had lost half of his states, and the principal passes and defences of the higher Alps, which separate Piedmont from Italy; and that the keys of the Alps and the Apennines were in the possession of the republican armies of France, the road opened to them into Italy, and an excellent base laid from the Apennines to Mont Blanc for their future operations. While encamped on these heights, Napoleon Buonaparte submitted two plans to the Committee of Public Safety, by which 50,000 men would have taken up their winter quarters on the southern side of the Alps, but which, not being adopted, postponed for two years the glories of his first Italian campaign.

The campaign on the great theatre of the war in the Netherlands, opened rather | later than that on the side of the Alps and the Pyrenees. There, from the Vosges to the sea, 500,000 men were about to enter into deadly contest. The French army of

men to blockade Landrecies, while the Prussians advanced from the Moselle to the Sambre. Coburg was posted towards Guise; the Duke of York, in observation, towards Cambray. But the want of co-operation on the part of the King of Prussia, though subsidised by England and Holland, by virtue of the treaty of the Hague, to furnish 62,400 men, tended greatly to paralyse the measures of the confederates; that prince, instead of furnishing the stipulated contingent, having employed the subsidy, amounting to nearly two and-a-quarter million sterling, in his designs of sharing in the partition of Poland, and had, moreover, entered into secret negotiations for a separate peace with the French government.

The plan of the campaign by the allies was-while the Spaniards and Sardinians advanced from the Pyrenees and the Alps on Lyons, to capture Landrecies, and from that base to march direct on Paris. In pursuance of that plan, the siege of that fortress was commenced in the middle of April. During the operations, the French made reiterated efforts to raise the siege. In that made on the 26th of April on the English, under the Duke of York, near Cambray, they were driven back in confusion, with the loss of above 4,000 men and thirty-five cannon. It was in this repulse, that the 15th hussars charged headlong through the whole of their line, and completed their rout. Landrecies now capitulated, and its garrison of 5,000 men became prisoners of war.

While these operations were in progress, Souhan and Moreau, with 50,000 men, advanced into West Flanders against Clairfait, whose division of the imperial army formed the extreme right of the allied line. On the 25th of April, the Austrian general was driven back to Tournay, with the loss of 1,200 prisoners and thirty-three cannon. The surrender of Menin and Courtray followed; but the garrison of the first-mentioned town, consisting of 3,000 French emigrants and Hanoverians, cut their passage through the besiegers and joined the allies.

The Committee of Public Safety, now under the direction of Carnot, ordered Pichegru-an order which eventually decided the fate of the campaign-to attack | the coalitionists on their wings posted on

the north, consisting of 160,000 men, the Sambre and the Meuse, convinced, if commanded by Pichegru, was posted to- beaten on that line, they would be sepaward Lisle, Guise, and Maubeuge. Co- rated from their base. To put this resolve | burg, who still had the chief command of into execution, Jourdan was ordered to rethe coalitionists, had collected about 100,000 |inforce the army of the Moselle with 15,000