BOOK THE THIRD CHAPTER I P. 97, § 1, 1. 1. P. Scipionem] 1 § 90 n., de rep. I§ 27. 1. 3. scripsit Cato] probably in the collection of åñopléyuara mentioned I § 104 1. 31. aequalis] 'contemporary.' Cato' was some years younger than Scipio, he accompanied him as his quaestor when he went to Sicily as proconsul B.C. 204, and Scipio was consul B.C. 205, Cato B.C. 195. 1. 4. otiosum] Otiosus signifies 'one who has abundance of otium' which itself has two meanings (1) 'freedom from public duties,' (2) 'freedom from occupation generally.' Otiosum here has the latter meaning 'unoccupied,' otiosus (and plainly otium) the former, free from public cares.' Cp. I § 70, Tusc. 1 § 6 ut si occupati profuimus aliquid civibus nostris, prosimus etiam, si possimus, otiosi. 1. 7. negotiis] 'public business.' 1..8. ut neque cessaret umquam] 'so that he was both never unemployed and etc.,' consecutive subj. expressing the result. neque-et-non] § 72, Donaldson Gr. p. 194, Madvig Gr. § 458 c. 1. 10. acuebant] 'whetted his energies.' Cp. Xenoph. Oeconom. 21, 3 ὥστε ἀκονᾶν τὰς ψυχὰς τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐπὶ τὸ ἐθελοντὰς πονεῖν. vellem-liceret] II § 90 n., Madv. Gr. § 372 b obs. 2. 1. 11. vere dicere] § 13 honestum, quod proprie vereque dicitur. si minus-accedimus] if I cannot by imitation attain to that inimitable temper, at any rate, so far as inclination goes, I come as near it as is possible.' For consequi assequi cp. Quintilian instit. orat. X 1, 109 quod in quoque optimum fuit, studio consecutus est, XII 11, 27 Achillis gloriam in rebus bellicis consequi, XI 25 si vitia magnorum consequantur. 1. 13. a rep. cet.] 'from political and forensic employment,' II §§ 2, 3, 6. armis impiis] i.e. of Antony, see below, n. to l. 21. Cp. Philipp. 11 8, 44. 1. 14. otium persequimur] 'devote myself continuously to,' cf. Hor. Epod. 1. 7 utrumne iussi persequemur otium?, Philipp. XII § 15 ut cedamus, abeamus, vitam inopem et vagam persequamur. 1. 15. rura peragrantes] 'roving from one place in the country to another.' Cicero was constantly changing his place of residence for fear of Antony. He had many country houses, one at Tusculum (once the property of Sulla), another at Antium (where he placed his best collection of books), another at Arpinum, two at Formiae (one near the port of Caieta, another upon the mountains adjoining), another on the shore of Baiae which he calls his Puteolanum, a seventh on the hills of old Cumae, another at Pompeii. His house at Puteoli was built after the plan of the Academy at Rome, and called by that name, being adorned with a portico and grove for the purpose of philosophical conferences. With regard to the means which Cicero had to meet the expenses, which the possession of so many country seats must have entailed upon him, see the remarks of Middleton in his Life of Cicero § xii. § 2, 1. 16. nec haec solitudo cet.] 'nor is my present isolation to be put on a par with that of Africanus.' 1. 18. aliquando] 'upon certain occasions,' cp. § 12, liceret ei dicere utilitatem aliquando cum honestate pugnare. interdum] 'now and then,' 'between whiles.' sumebat implies, took at his own convenience, independently of others.' frequentia] 'crowd,' 'concourse.' 1. 19. tamquam in portum] i.e. ex alto, 1 § 151. 1. 20. requiescendi studio] by earnest desire for repose.' 1. 21. extincto-senatu]=extincta libertate senatus § 4. The Senate's political power and freedom of debate had been destroyed by Antony the consul this year, who three days after Caesar's death surrounded with his armed followers the temple of Tellus, and later that of Concordia where the Senate usually sat. Philipp. 11 § 19, § 89, § 112 cur armatorum corona senatus saeptus est? cur me tui satellites cum gladiis audiunt? cur valvae Concordiae non patent? cur homines omnium gentium maxime barbaros, Ityraeos, cum sagittis deducis in forum? deletisque iudiciis] The law courts were of necessity closed by the enforced absence of the praetors, Brutus and Cassius. 1. 22. quid est quod cet.] i.e. quid est, quod quidem dignum nobis sit, quod agere possimus? in foro] i.e. in iudiciis. P. 98, § 3, 1. 1. qui vixerimus]=quamvis vixerimus, 'after having lived;' the conjunctive serves to mark more strongly the contrast between his former and present position. Madvig on de fin. 11 § 106 hic se ad ea revocat, e quibus nihil umquam rettulerit ad corpus, observes 'rarius hoc est in eiusmodi sententia relativa, quae simul generis definitionem contineat.' in maxima celebritate] = frequentia, ‘in the greatest publicity.' Plutarch Cic. 8 ἐθεράπευον δὲ καθ' ἡμέραν ἐπὶ θύρας φοιτώντες οὐκ ἐλάττονες ἢ Κράσσον ἐπὶ Πλούτῳ καὶ Πομπήιον διὰ τὴν ἐν τοῖς στρατεύμασι δύναμιν. in oculis] i.q. in conspectu, in the presence of,' de orat. II § 41, pro Planc. § 66. The phrase in oculis esse has also another meaning, viz. 'to be dear to any one.' 1. 3. quibus omnia redundant] 'with whom every place overflows.' In reference to the number of Caesar's veterans, and others whom Antony had collected to support his violent measures. abdimus] Abdere is properly 'to stow a thing away,' 'to hide it;' hence abdere sese, 'to withdraw oneself from public life; cp. ep. ad Att. XII 14, 20, de div. 11 § 6 neque ego me abdidi, Hor. ep. 1 1, 5 of the retired gladiator Veianius latet abditus agro, Od. III 4. 38 of Caesar fessas cohortes abdidit oppidis. 1. 4. hominibus doctis] 'philosophers by profession,' 11 § 60 n. 1. 6. his ipsis] sc. minimis malis, 'even these.' si quid inesset] II § I. 1. 7. otio fruor] 'I get some profit from my leisure.' non illo quidem] serves to throw emphasis on the object of the verb and to contrast it with what follows. 1 § 60, II § 21. debebat] sc. frui, ought to have enjoyed,' Zumpt Gr. § 518, Madvig Gr. § 348 e. 1. 8. peperisset otium civitati] There is a play here on the double meaning of otium, viz. 'leisure' and 'freedom from civil strife.' Cicero refers to his services in crushing the conspiracy of Catiline, for which he received the title of pater patriae; cp. 1 § 77 neque enim periculum in rep. fuit gravius umquam nec maius otium, where see note. eam solitudinem languere] i. e. me in ea solitudine languere. See Nägelsbach lat. Stil § 10, 3 (§ 15, 1) and my note on I § 32 1. 14 quae liberantur, 11 § 68 id quod violatum videbitur, III § 36 error hominum. 1. 9. quamquam] adverbial, as a corrective particle, I § 30 l. 15, II § 45 l. I. § 4, 1. 10. maiorem laudem] An affectation of modesty on the part of Cicero; for throughout the chapter he tacitly implies that his retirement was more praiseworthy than that of Scipio, who left behind him no literary. records or work of his leisure. 1. 13. quas cogitando consequebatur] 'to which he directed his thoughts,' see note to I § 116. 1. 15. non tantum roboris habemus] 'have not such strength of mind.' 1. 16. tacita] 'silent,' not expressed in writing (mandata litteris). abstrahamur] i. e. nos abstrahere possimus, Wopkens' lect. Tull. p. 61. 1. 17. plura brevi scripsimus] Cicero wrote nearly all his rhetorical and philosophical treatises between B.C. 46 and B.C. 44, the Hortensius s. de philosophia (11 § 6), the book which led St Augustin to devote himself to philosophy, now lost, and the oratorical works, the partitiones oratoriae, the Brutus, and the orator, all of which are extant: his philosophical treatises de consolatione, after the death of his daughter Tullia, the Academica, containing an exposition of the New Academic philosophy, the de finibus bonorum et malorum, a criticism of the chief opinions entertained on ethics, the Tusculanae disputationes or discussion of certain questions concerning happiness and morality, the de natura deorum, the de divinatione, the Cato maior or de senectute, the Laelius or de amicitia (11 § 31), the de fato, concerning fate and freewill; the Paradoxa, wherein some Stoic paradoxical opinions are criticized, and the lost work de gloria (II $31). Cp. 1 § 3. CHAPTER II § 5, 1. 20. cum-deserta sit, tum]' with cum-tum, as well-as,' when each member has its own verb, the first is often put in the conjunctive to express a kind of comparison between the general and particular |