ing freely, cases of type were toppled over, and in a few moments several persons were placed hors de combat.

At length the printers gave way, and the fighting gradually became less furious and then mutually ceased; whereupon Mr. Gripps, who had kept in the background, came to the front, and no sooner did he show himself than Mr. Williams leaped upon him. There was a shout of "fair play," and "let them fight it out," and the battle of the two hosts suddenly became an encounter between the two chiefs.

Williams and Gripps tugged at each other and rolled on the floor, and got up and fell down again, until Gripps refused to rise, and cried for mercy, whereupon the victorious editor, exclaiming, "Printers, give in! you are an honour to your country!" mingled amongst the throng and disappeared.

Nobody seemed desirous of fighting any longer, and when peace was restored, and the wounded were being removed, the police once more appeared.

Several persons were seriously hurt. One man had his leg badly lacerated by the bite of a dog. Black-eye had sought the infirmary after the first attack. The compositor from an adjacent town, who had been under the tap an hour or two previously, was carried insensible to Dr. Smythe's. Three deputy-bailiff's were much bruised, and black eyes and bleeding noses were too numerous to enumerate. Tom Titsy was amongst the bleeding noses, and even Dr. Johnson had a contused eye.

The superintendent of police took a note of all this; but as, he said, there seemed a legal quibble—a question whether Gripps was not a trespasser, he could not comply with the lawyer's request to apprehend several of Mr. Morriston's men; neither could he take any of the other side into custody. Those who liked might apply for summonses or warrants to the magistrates. He would advise all those who wished for ulterior proceedings to see Squire Northcotes.

When he found his adversary gone, Gripps began to give orders for the removal of the type, directing his first attention to two pages of the paper ready for the press.

"These first, these first, you rascal," he exclaimed to one of his leading men; "give a hand here, give a hand, and on to your heads with them."

"No! no! for goodness sake," said Jacob, who had some knowledge of printing, "you will destroy them."

"Stand aside, young prater; I'm master here."

"Speak as you should do," said Jacob, clenching his teeth and his fist at the same time, "or I'll finish the work begun by the editor."

"Braggart! puppy! son of a bankrupt!" said Gripps in reply, anxious to have a clear case of assault in the presence of the police.

Jacob had suffered too much already to put up with this open insult. His eyes blazed with fury and indignation, and never was man more completely "floored" than Mr. Gripps, who lay as quietly after it as if it was pleasant to be knocked down. A constable raised him up, and, by signs

and gasps, Mr. Gripps endeavoured to impress everybody with the information that he was very badly hurt, as no doubt he was, taking into consideration all he had undergone during the morning. His first words were a request that the policeman would take Jacob into custody.

The officer said he was sorry to decline, but he must nevertheless; at the same time, he advised Mr. Gripps not to call names.

"Come, then, on to your heads with that stuff," said Gripps to the two men who had each raised a page of the Middleton Star which was to have been printed that afternoon. Jacob found it was useless to remonstrate, and the two men putting their heads beneath the locked-up type, immediately had it all breaking and falling over their shoulders, leaving the iron frames round their necks. This was a fearful blow for the Star, which from that moment was defunct, even had Gripps removed nothing else, and had not type of the smallest kind been bundled pell-mell into sacks and boxes like old nails.

(To be continued.)

VOL. IV.

D

IN MEMORIAM: RICHARD WHATELY.

"WELL DONE THOU GOOD AND FAITHFUL SERVANT."

SCRIPTURAL phraseology, in its direct simplicity, is not commonly applicable to men and things; but when it really is so, the words of Holy Writ lend a force and sweetness to the subject which cannot be surpassed. We may, therefore, forego the use of all ordinary terms of eulogy, and commence what it is our privilege to draw-a brief sketch of the life of the well-beloved RICHARD WHATELY, late the Most Reverend Archbishop of Dublin, whose character, now the sun is gone down, stands out clearly defined on that western ridge of light which succeeds the death-day of all men who have lived in the front of observation, as did Dr. Whately for forty years.

Those forty years furnish ample materials for three bulky volumes, that might be well filled with great questions, events and changes, in which the late Archbishop took a prominent part; nevertheless, we may make the attempt of grouping these materials in a few pages, since they resolve themselves into the form of an equilateral triangle, the base being formed of Dr. Whately's career at Oxford; the upward slope, of some twenty years as Educational Reformer and the initiator of Ecclesiastical Liberality; whilst the downward slope of the life just ended is the last ten years, which have passed in a serenity of love, yet with an intellectual activity that brightened repose to the very verge of existence. The following figure will impress these eras of Dr. Whately's life on the reader:

AS ARCHBISHOP OF DUBLIN

FROM 1831 TO 1852, WHEN
HE WITHDREW FROM THE
BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS
OF NATIONAL EDUCATION
IN IRELAND.

FROM 1852 TILL THE 8TH OF
OCTOBER 1863, THE DAY

OF HIS DEATII.

OXFORD CAREER.

The following details will support the above arrangement, and coldly as they fall about one who was animating life with his life one little month ago, there is hearty comfort in remembering the well-beloved Archbishop has left behind him a high reputation for intellectual ability, a stainless character as a priest, very many friends and admirers as a man, and it may be truly said, as his highest praise, not one enemy.

In Cavendish Square, on the 1st of February 1787, Richard Whately was born, being the fourth son of the Rev. Dr. Whately, of Nonsuch Park, Surrey, a prebendary of Bristol. He came of a race remarkable for intellectual activity, whose members had illustrated the periods of history in which they lived. His uncle William was the author of "Remarks on. the Characters of Shakespeare," a work of considerable merit, and well known to Shakespearian scholars. At Oriel College, Oxford, whither he went, he quickly attracted general notice, taking at Michaelmas term, 1808, a second class in classics and mathematics, at the same time that Sir Robert Peel took his "double first." His essay, "What are the Arts in which the Ancients were less successful than the Moderns?" obtained a prize in 1810; and he had already, the year before, been made a Fellow of Oriel, then the highest honour in Oxford except the Provostship of the same college. Here he lived in the most intellectual society then in England, and which was renowned through Europe as a great school of speculative philosophy; but, like the Spanish student of Longfellow, he found

"But there are brighter dreams than those of fame,
Which are the dreams of love!"

and the Oxford centre of a most brilliant circle resigned his College Fellowship for the living of Halesworth with Chediston in Norfolk, worth £450 a-year. This was in 1821, and as he was married the same year to Mary, the daughter of Mr. W. Pope, we may suppose that it was the charms of domestic life, rather than the living, which lured him from Oxford. Mrs. Whately died the 26th of April 1860.

Whilst at Halesworth, devoting himself to his 3000 parishioners with the affectionate zeal native to his character, he wrote three of the best essays that ever came from his industrious pen. These were called, "Sermons on the Christian's duty to Established Governments and Laws;" and "Historic Doubts respecting Napoleon Bonaparte," anonymously published, shortly followed. This latter most ingenious work excited much criticism and attention to the author's skill in surrounding the plainest things with a mysterious mist, which made the observer half doubt their reality; and it is curious to note, that in a short paper concerning "Robinson Crusoe," contributed to the pages of The Rose, The Shamrock, and The Thistle Magazine, some five-and-thirty years later, much the same style of thought is adopted.

His Bampton Lectures on "The Use and Abuse of Party Feeling in Matters of Religion," being published in accordance with the conditions of their founder, had a large sale, and attracted still greater attention to their author; their aphoristic and luminous diction giving a character to them, generally transparent in all Dr. Whately's works.

In 1825, he was summoned from his Norfolk pastorate by Lord Grenville, Chancellor of Oxford, to be Principal of St. Alban's Hall; and he proceeded forthwith to take the B.D. and D.D. degrees. During this

second residence at Oxford, he wrote the two essays with which his name must ever be most closely associated. These were contributed to the Encyclopedia Metropolitania; the "Elements of Logic" in 1826, and the "Elements of Rhetoric" in 1828. Meanwhile, his mind was being directed towards a subject that may be considered as the direct cause of the Oxford Principal's subsequent elevation. This was Political Economy; and so vitalized was the question by Dr. Whately's voice and pen, that the Conservative University of Oxford felt constrained to depart from its traditions, and in 1830 founded a Professorial Chair, to which its advocate was appointed. He was destined to enjoy it only for a very brief period, for on the death of Dr. Magee, Archbishop of Dublin, and author of "Discourses on Atonement," on the 18th August 1831, this anti-Papal Prelate was succeeded, through the choice of Earl Grey, by the "shrewd and cautious Liberal" Dr. of Divinity, Richard Whately. This elevation of an English clergyman (the first ever raised to the supreme appointment of the Irish Church) was widely canvassed by the religious world, and many voices were raised in warning against the consequences. To the Whig Cabinet, however, and especially Earl Grey, there must be allowed the wise discernment, it might be called intuition, of choosing the right man for a position, allowably one of the most difficult then in the State; and since the many instances in which governments make great mistakes in their choice are always arrayed against them, this one instance of skilful judgment and correct foresight must be acknowledged. The following opinion of Dr. Arnold exhibits his own wisdom and confidence, whilst it indicates a public fear which the future proved to be entirely groundless.

Dr. Arnold thus estimated the personal and political character of the new Prelate, and his words will now find an echo in thousands of minds which did not then know how true they were:

"In point of essential holiness there does not live a truer Christian than Whately. It grieves me that he is spoken of as dangerous, because his intellectual nature keeps pace with his spiritual, instead of being left as Low Churchmen leave it a fallow field for all unsightly creeds to flourish in. He is a truly great man, in the truest sense of the word, and if the safety and welfare of the Protestant Church in Ireland depend on human instruments, none could be found in the whole empire so likely to maintain it."

That Archbishop Whately was able to do, what many persons believed an impossibility, to soften the rancour between Irish Catholics and Irish Protestants, to challenge and command the confidence and respect of the Romish clergy, and by dint of twenty years' exertions, as a Commissioner of Secular National Education, to engraft a new principle in a churlish soil, may be attributed to a power which is very rare in Protestant Churchmen-his skill as a leader. In the profession of arms there are many notable instances of the army's general, or of the navy's admiral, being really and truly leaders and commanders by right of skill, as well as by appoint