The Manufacture of Steel |
Other editions - View all
Common terms and phrases
according acid Annales des Mines apparatus assay Bessemer process Bessemer steel blast furnace blooms carbonic oxyd carburation cast iron cast steel cementation cent charcoal charged coal Comptes rendus converter crucibles cubic centimetres cupola building cyanides cylinder Eggertz method engine establishment experiments Exposition feet filings fining Finspong forging francs Fremy fusion gases gramme gray iron hammer hearth heated homogeneous iron homogeneous metal hydrogen ingots kilogrammes ladle latter less malleable manganese manufacture means melted mill millim mixture Neuberg nitrogen obtained operation oxyd of iron patent phosphorus pig iron pig iron containing pig metal piston Plate pounds proportion of carbon puddled iron pure pig iron rails rammed reaction recarburation REESE LIBRARY remelting reverberatory furnace rods rolls scoria Siegen Siemens silica silicon smelted solution spiegel pig spiegeleisen steam substances sulphur Swedish tained temperature tempered tenacity tests tion tons Tunner tuyeres vessels welded wrought iron
Popular passages
Page 8 - The name wrought-iron is given to a metal more or less refined, obtained from cast-iron, or in the direct way from iron ores ; it is malleable hot or cold, but not capable of being tempered. The practical man will call every intermediate product steel, which may be tempered, but which remains malleable hot and cold when not tempered, and this metal will be steel, whatever be the method followed to obtain it. According to this, in its properties...
Page 36 - ... fuel by operating at a lower temperature. They were completely deceived. When the sponges are made, instead of cast iron we have blooms of less purity, since they contain, besides the usual cinder, the earthy substances in the ore. And if the sponges are melted in crucibles, instead of forging them directly in the form of blooms, we shall have a homogeneous product, but it will be iron or crude steel of inferior quality unless the iron sponge undergoes fining like pig metal.
Page 37 - In the direct methods whose object is the abolition of blast furnaces, the addition of coal mixed with the ore cannot be avoided ; and it is this which destroys all profit in the processes invented by Chenot in France, Renton in America, Grurlt in Germany, etc.
Page 8 - ... between steel and cast-iron, when the product in the soft condition, ie, before tempering, can no longer be drawn out when heated, without cracking and falling to pieces under the hammer." Gruner says :* " The crude cast product, resulting from the reduction of the ores of iron may be called cast-iron. It is an impure iron, which is not malleable, at least when heated, but which may be tempered by being suddenly cooled. The name...
Page 9 - It cannot even be said where steel begins or ends. It is a series which begins with the most impure black pig iron, and ends with the softest and purest wrought...
Page 80 - Iron is transformed into steel by immersing it for a short time in melted cast iron." And adds : "This process of steel manufacture is in use in some countries, and has already been described by Vanaccio in his Pyrotechnie, Book I., Chap. 7." Reaumur says in addition, on page 256, that steel may also be obtained " by fusing iron scrap in cast iron...
Page 8 - ... carbon, or more, is no longer malleable when hot, and 2 per cent. of carbon appears to be the limit between steel and cast-iron, when the product in the soft condition, ie, before tempering, can no longer be drawn out when heated, without cracking and falling to pieces under the hammer.
Page 85 - ... flame. When ebullition ceases .a piece of green wood is introduced into the bath, and the liquid metal is stirred below the...
Page 85 - The mixture designed to produce the steel is melted in ordinary reverberatory furnaces, in the lower part of which a kind of crucible is contrived. The metal placed on the bridge is heated, melts and flows into the crucible, where it accumulates.
Page 31 - According to the degree of the decarburation, ordinary cast steel or cast wrought iron will be produced ; the latter is called of late wrought iron or homogeneous metal.