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DIRECTION TO THE BINDER.

THE Plates of the System of Respiratory Nerves, and of the Regular or Symmetrical Nerves between pages 88 and 89.

PREFACE TO THE SEVENTH EDITION.

ON no previous, revision of this work has the author bestowed more care than on the present. In the successive editions, it was, of course, necessary to incorporate the different facts and principles, which had been added from time to time, to the science; and this rendered it difficult to preserve throughout the evenness of style, which is so desirable in every treatise, and more especially in one that is placed in the hands of so many of the younger portion of scientific inquirers. To accomplish this object, the present edition has been subjected to an entire scrutiny, not only as regards the important matters of which it treats, but the language in which they are conveyed.

Perhaps, at no time in the history of the science have observers been more numerous, energetic, and discriminating than in the last few years. Many modifications of fact and inference have consequently taken place, which it has been necessary for the author to record, and to express his views in relation thereto. Especially has he endeavoured to note the phenomena that have presented themselves to the most accurate observers, and to deduce from them laws which may tend to enlarge the boundaries of the science: he has not, however, felt himself at liberty to discard the results of the observations of all former anthropologists, or the opinions they had embraced in regard to the various functions. It not unfrequently, indeed, happens, that in ignorance of the history of the science, views are esteemed new, which had been promulged by earlier investigators. He has, therefore, in an encyclopædiac work like the present, retained many of those opinions, whilst he has laboured to do especial justice to such as have emanated from more recent inquirers. In this respect, his work differs from valuable physiological treatises that are before the public. Whilst, too, he has inserted the main results of the labours of recent histologists, especially such as are directly applicable to physiology, he has not considered it advisable to pursue the subject to such an extent as if the work were on general anatomy, to which histology properly belongs.

On the whole subject of physiology proper, as it applies to the functions executed by the different organs, the present edition, the author flatters himself, will be found to contain the views of the most distinguished physiologists of all periods. The contributions to the science of life have, of late years, been rich and varied; and to collate and weigh them, and to separate the most trustworthy and valued, has been a work of no little discriminating labour,-but to the author a labour of love, inasmuch as they are subjects which he has been long accustomed to investigate and on which he has annually to treat before the class of Institutes of Medicine of the Jefferson Medical College. The Bibliography, prefixed to the first volume, will exhibit the number and variety of sources of information at home and abroad, which he has had to consult, and will afford a coup d'œil of the chief biological investigations, undertaken since the appearance of the last edition more especially, which have so changed the face of the science in regard to certain subjects as to require that they should be re-written.

The rich collection of materials in the possession of his publishers has enabled him to increase greatly the list of illustrations, and to substitute in many cases better; whilst new cuts have been added so as to make the whole number four hundred and seventy-four, in place of three hundred and sixty-eight, as in the last edition. It has been difficult in all cases to assign these to the original projectors; but an effort has been made so to do.

On no former occasion has the author felt as satisfied with his endeavours to have the work on a level with the existing state of the science; and, for the seventh time, he ventures to place it before a profession, which has already done too much honor to his efforts to be useful. His crowning desire, in all his literary undertakings, has been to facilitate the onward course of those who are pressing forward to distinction in a truly learned and difficult profession, and the reception these undertakings have met with has satisfied him, that his labours have been far from fruitless.

18 GIRARD STREET, August, 1850.

ROBLEY DUNGLISON.

AUTHORS REFERRED TO IN THE PREPARATION OF THIS EDITION.

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July, 1850.

The Diversity of Origin of the Human Races, in Christian Examiner, Agassiz & Gould, Principles of Zoology, &c., pt. i., Comparative Physiology, Boston, 1848.

Albert, On the Colour of the Vagina in Pregnancy, cited in British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review, July, 1848.

Amringe. (See Van Amringe.)

Ashwell, S., A Practical Treatise on the Diseases peculiar to Women, third edit. Lond., 1848.

Baly, W., On the Glands of Peyer, in London Medical Gazette for March, 1847.
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Barrow, Sir John, An Autobiographical Memoir, Lond., 1847.

Barry, W. J., Case of Doubtful Sex, in New York Journal of Medicine, January, 1847.

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Bendz, Haandbog i den Almindenige Anatomie, Kiöbenhavn, 1847, cited by Kirkes & Paget.

Bérard, P., On Gelatin as a Nutriment; Archives Générales de Médecine, Février, 1850.

1848-9.

Cours de Physiologie fait à la Faculté de Médecine de Paris, Paris,

P. H., Art. Olfaction, Dictionnaire de Médecine, 2de édit., Paris, 1840. Bernard, C., On the Communication of Veins and Lymphatics, in Union Médicale, No. 116, and Brit. and For. Medico-Chir. Rev., Jan., 1850.

On the Formation of Sugar by the Liver, in Archives Générales de Médecine, Nov., 1848.

tom. xiii.

On Insalivation of Food, in Archives Générales de Médecine, 4e série,

Action of Pancreatic Fluid on Oil, in Archives Générales de Médecine, vol. xix. p. 60.

On the Pancreatic Juice, in Archives Générales de Médecine, vol. xiv., and in Provincial Med. and Surgical Journal, March, 1849, and in Gazette Médicale, No. 9, Paris, 1849.

On the Transformation of Starch into Sugar, in Canstatt und Eisenmann's Jahresbericht über die Fortschritte in der Biologie im Jahre 1847.

Berthold, Cause of Parturition, Comptes Rendus, Paris, 1844; and Archives Gén. de Médecine, Juin, 1844.

A. A., Lehrbuch der Physiologie, 3te Auflage, Götting., 1848. Bertholet, P. G., Weight of Twins, Medical Examiner, Aug., 1848. Bidder, Prof. F., Versuche zur Bestimmung der Chylusmenge, in Müller's Archiv. für Anatomie, Jahrgang 1845.

Art. Schmecken, in Wagner's Handwörterbuch der Physiologie, 13te Lieferung, Braunschweig, 1846. Bischoff, T. L. W., On the Amount of Chyle Formed, in Müller's Archiv., Jahrgang 1846.

Art. Entwickelungsgeschichte mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Missbildungen, in Wagner's Handwörterbuch der Physiologie, 6te Lieferung, Braunschweig, 1843. Theorie der Befruchtung und über die Rolle welchedie Spermatozoïden dabei spielen, in Müller's Archiv. der Anatomie, u. s. w., Jahrgang 1847. Ueber die Glandulæ Utriculares des Uterus des Menschen, und Ihren Antheil an der Bildung der Decidua, in Müller's Archiv. für Anatomie, Jahrgang 1846.

Bishop, J., On the Voice, in Proceedings of the Royal Society, No. 65, 1847. Blake, J., On the Quantity of Blood in the Body, in Medical Examiner, Aug., 1849.

Velocity of the Circulation in Edinb. Medical and Surgical Journal, Oct., 1841; St. Louis Medical and Surgical Journal, Nov. and Dec., 1848; and American Journal of Medical Sciences, July, 1849.

Blondlot, Essai sur les Fonctions du Foie, Paris, 1846.

Bouchardat, A., Annuaire de Thérapeutique, de Matière Médicale, de Pharmacie et de Toxicologie, pour 1848.

Bouchut, M., Signs of Death, in Abeille Médicale, No. 6, Juin, 1848.

Boudin, M., Comparative Pathology of the Different Races of Men, in Annales d'Hygiène, vol. xlii; and in British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review, Oct., 1849.

Bourgery, M., On the Capillary System of Vessels, in Comptes Rendus, 1848, and Gazette Médicale, No. 37, 1848.

Boussingault, Schlossberger, and Kemp, On the Proportion of Nitrogen in Aliments, in Annal. der Chemie und Pharmacie, B. lvi; and in Philosophical Magazine, Nov., 1845.

Bowman, W., Art. Pacinian Bodies, in Todd's Cyclopædia of Anatomy and Physiology, Pt. xxvi. 8vo., Lond., 1846.

Braid, Mr., On Nervous Sleep, Edinb. Medical and Surgical Journal, Oct. 1846. Brillat-Savarin, Physiologie du Gout, Paris, 1843.

Brinton, Wm., Art. Serous and Synovial Membranes, in Todd's Cyclopædia of Anatomy and Physiology, Pt. xxxiv., Lond., Jan., 1849.

Browne, P. A., The Classification of Mankind by the Hair and Wool of their Heads, with an answer to Dr. Prichard's assertion," that the covering of the head of the Negro is hair properly so termed, and not wool," Philad., 1850. Buckingham, J. S., Travels in France, Piedmont, &c., Lond., 1849.

Budge, J., Art. Sympathischer Nerv mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die Herzbewegung, in Wagner's Handwörterbuch, u. s. w. 17te Lieferung, Braunschweig, 1847.

Burrows, G. M., On Disorders of the Cerebral Circulation, Amer. edit., Philad., 1848.

Cammann, Dr., On the Capillaries of the Lungs, in New York Journal of Medicine, Jan., 1848.

Campbell, Lord, The Lives of the Lord Chancellors and Keepers of the Great Seal of England, Amer. edit., Philad., 1847.

Carpenter, W. B., Principles of Human Physiology, with their chief applications to Pathology, Hygiene and Forensic Medicine, 4th Amer. edit., Philad., 1850. Art. Sensation, in Todd's Cyclopædia of Anatomy and Physiology, Pt. xxxiv., Lond., Jan., 1849.

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Art. Sleep, in Cyclopædia of Anatomy and Physiology, Pt. xxxv., Mar.,

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