girl at Philippi in Acts xvii. 16. [7] The verses are Virgil's (Æn. III. 97), but adapted from Hom. II. xx. 307, 8. [19] Her. III. 124. [12] Seneca, Med. [11] Sue 11. 374-8. p. 150 [3] Plut, Alex. 2. [10] Appian, Bell. Civ. 1v. 134. tonius (Galb. 4) tells it of Augustus, not Tiberius. [13] Tac. Hist. V. 13. [17] Suet. Dom. 23. The same story is told in the Adv. of L. I. 7, § 4, and in a letter from Bacon to King James on a Digest of the Laws of England. [21] "One day when King Henry the Sixth (whose Innocencie gaue him Holines) was washing his hands at a great Feast, and cast his Eye vpon King Henry, then a young Youth, he said; This is the Lad, that shall possesse quietly that, that we now striue for." Hist. of Hen. 7, p. 247. Shakspere has introduced the incident (3 Hen. 6, iv. 6), “Come hither, England's hope: If secret powers, &c." See Holinshed, 1. p. 678 b, ed. 1587. [24] The same story is told by De Thou (Hist. Lib. xx11. ad fin.), who says the Astrologer was Luca Gaurico, an Italian. But Bayle (Dict. art. Henri 11.) has shewn that Gaurico's predictions, made in 1552 and 1556, were wholly different. I am indebted to Mr Daniel, of the Battersea Training College, for the following quotation from Les Propheties of Nostradamus (1 cent. 35 quatr. ed. 1568), Le lyon ieune le vieux surmontera, En champ bellique par singulier duelle, Deux classes vne puis mourir mort cruelle. In the ed. of 1668 the last line runs Deux playes une, pour &c. [33] Henry 2 of France was killed at a tournament in 1559. p. 151 [3] Another form is given in the Ancient Scottish Prophecies, edited for the Bannatyne Club, 1833; When HEMPE is come and also gone, SCOTLAND and ENGLAND shall be all one. [16] Mr Daniel has suggested to me that the 'Baugh' is probably the Bass Rock, and the 'May' the Isle of May in the Frith of Forth. Compare The Complaynt of Sir D. Lyndsay (Works, 1. p. 277, ed. Chalmers). Quhen the Bas, and the Ile of May, [24] The date of the prophecy was A.D. 1475. It is quoted at length by Bayle (Dict. art. Stofler, note D) from the Mercurius Gallo-Belgicus (an. 1589; Wolfii Lect. Mem. to. 2, p. 1028) of Jansonius Doccomensis Frisius. Post mille expletos a partu virginis annos, Et post quingentos rursus ab axe datos, According to De Thou (Hist. lib. xc. sub init.) the prophecy of Johannes Müller, of Regiomontanus, as he was called from Königsberg the place of his birth, was originally contained in four German verses, which were still to be seen in De Thou's time in a monastery at Kuchel in Austria. They were translated into Latin by Gaspar Bruschius, and published with a tract of Engelbert Abbot of Admont, de ortu et fino R. Imperii. Bruschius altered them considerably in his translation, and made them refer to events which were to happen under one Sixtus. Another curious alteration is made in a recent work, called Das Buch der Wahr- und Weissagungen, Regensburg, 1859, where the second line reads thus, Et septingentos rursus abire datos, and the prophecy is referred to the French Revolution. Bacon again quotes it in his Considerations touching a Warre with Spaine, pp. 49, 50, ed. 1629. [29] Arist. Eq. 195, &c. p. 152 [10] An act against fond and fantastical prophecies was passed, 5 Eliz. cap. 15 [1562]. See also 3 and 4 Ed. vi. cap. 15, and 33 Hen. VIII. cap. 14 (Pickering's Statutes at Large, VI. 207, Cambr. 1763). [26] Bacon refers to the Critias, which in Cornarius' Latin translation is called "Critias sive Atlanticus." ESSAY 36 Greatly enlarged from the ed. of 1612. p. 153 [6] Lat. si in ambitu et petitione suâ repulsas non patiantur. [9] The Latin adds et subinde frustrentur. [11] Lat. in sinu lætantur. [13] 'the worst propertie that can be' (1612). [25] p. 155 [11] But since.. Wood: added in 1625. p. 154 [13] Lat. Alius usus ambitiosorum non parvus; ut prægrandibus alas amputent,et eorum potentiam labefactent. LVIII. 9. [26] Ambitious: omitted in the Latin. aut magistratuum. [16] Dio Cass. Lat. procerum [30] Lat. æque ambitiosos et protervos. [34] Lat. allicere..et animare. P. 155 [2, 3] Lat. quantum ad ingenerandam illam in ambitiosis opinionem, ut se ruinæ proximos putent, atque eo modo contineantur. [12] 'the lesse' (1612). [14] Lat. confusionem consiliorum. [15-17] But yet.. Dependances: added in 1625. [17] Lat. qui gratia et clientelis pollet. [18] Lat. inter strenuos et negotiis pares. [22] Lat. tribus [20] The Latin adds, ut viros cordatos deprimat. insignitur commodis. [24] Lat. ad viros principes. States: omitted in the Latin. ESSAY 37 [30] and Not translated in the Latin. ESSAY 38 Slightly altered and enlarged from the ed. of 1612. 159 [5] The Latin adds after 'Importune,' sed non tolinnt. P. [9] Faylings: 'failes' (1612). [12] Lat. natatores recentes. [19-21] Like to... ..Angry: omitted in the MS. [20] The Latin adds, priusquam quicquam faceret. [21] Lat. secundo, naturam moderari et ad minores portiones deducere, [22]-p. 160 [2] As if., Meale: omitted in the MS. p. 160 [1] Lat. a majoribus haustibus ad minores. [2] Lat. naturam penitus sub jugum mittere et domare. [6] Ovid, Rem. Am. 293 [8-11] The MS. has, "neither is it amisse to bend nature to a contrarye extreame, where it is noe vice." [14-17] See Adv. of L. 11. 19, § 2; Cic. de Orator. I. 33. [19-28] But let not..moved with it: added in 1625. [22] Babrius, Fab. 32. p. 161 [1] Ps. cxx. 6, Vulgate; quoted again in Bacon's Letter to Sir Thomas Bodley (Cabala, p. 64). [4] Lat. quicquid a naturâ tuâ alienum reperias. [5] Lat. ad ejusdem exercitationes et medita[9-12] A Mans..the Other: added in 1625. tiones. ESSAY 39 Enlarged from ed. of 1612. p. 162 [1] Antith. x; Cogitamus secundum naturam; loquimur secundum præcepta; sed agimus secundum consuetudinem. [6] Disc. sopr. Liv. III. 6. [12] Lat. aut in promissis constantibus nedum juramentis. [13] Lat. viris sanguinolentis et jamdudum cædibus assuetis. [15] Friar Clement assassinated Hen. 3 of France, 2 Aug. 1589. [16] Henry 4 was stabbed by Ravaillac 4 May, 1610. John Jaureguy attempted the life of William the Silent, Prince of Orange, 18 March, 1582. On 10 July, 1584, the Prince was shot by Balthazar Gérard, a fanatic (Motley, Dutch Rep. 111. 538, 608). [17] The Latin adds aut Guidone Faulxio. [18] Observe the double negative. Lat. fidem et ferociam: [20] Lat. primæ classis sicarii. The translator has evidently missed the point of the phrase 'Men of the first Bloud,' which simply means men who for the first time have their hands in murder. [9] Cic. Tusc. v. Max. 11. 6, § 14. p. 163 [8-26] We see also.. Body: added in 1625. 27, § 78; Q. Curt. VIII. 9; Strabo, xv. 1, § 62; Val. Lat. loquor de gymnosophistis veteribus et modernis. [16] Lat. vix ejulatu aut gemitu ullo emisso. The Translator evidently understood 'queching' in the sense of screeching, crying out, but Nares (Glossary) says it is the same as quich, to move, flinch. Cic. Tusc. II. 14, § 34: V. 27, § 77. [18] The story is told of Brian O'Rourke, who was executed in May 1597, but this could hardly have been called the beginning of Queen Elizabeth's time. See Cox, Hist. of Ireland, p. 399, ed. 1692; Biog. Brit. art. Ralegh, note C. This incident is introduced into The first part of Sir John Oldcastle (K 3 verso, ed. 1600), where the Irishman appeals to the judge: 'Prethee Lord shudge let me have mine own clothes my strouces there, and let me bee hanged in a wyth after my country the Irish fashion.' [21] See Giles Fletcher's Russe Commonwealth, pp. 89, 90, ed. 1591. [31] in effect: 'nothing' (1612). [32]-p. 164 [1] So we see..afterwards; added in 1625. p. 164 [1] Lat. in pueritiâ aut adolescentia. [9] Collegiate: 'in troupe' (1612). [14] The Latin adds et (ut chymicorum vocabulo utar) projeclio. [17] The Latin adds quin et leges bona, [18] much: added in 1625. ESSAY 40 Slightly enlarged and altered from the ed. of 1612. p. 165 [2] to a mans fortune' (1612): Lat. ad fortunas promovendas vel deprimendas. Favour: Lat. gratia alicujus ex magnatibus. 'oportune death of others' (1612). [5] his owne hands: 'himselfe' (1612). Faber.. Poet: added in 1625. The saying is attributed to Appius in the treatise de Republ. ordin. 11. 1, which is generally assigned to Sallust. But Mr Markby conjectures, with great probability, from a passage in the Adv. of L. 11. 24, § 8, that Bacon imagined the phrase to have grown out of a verse of Plautus (Trin. 11. 2, 87): "Nam pol sapiens (saith the Comicall Poet) Fingit fortunam sibi, and it grewe to an adage, Faber quisque fortunæ propriæ." inquit Comicus. [9] Adagia, p. 82; ὄφις ἂν μὴ φάγῃ ὄφιν, δράκων où yevýσeral. Given also in a slightly different form in Mich. Apostolii Prov. cent. xv. 55- The Latin adds ut inquit adagium. [12] 'hidden and secret' (1612). [13] Fortune. Certaine: The editions of 1612 and 1625 both have a full stop after 'Fortune.' It should probably be a colon. [16] 'no stonds' (1612). [17-19] But that..Fortune: added in 1625. [19] 'saith Linie well' (1612). [20] Livy, XXXIX. 40. p. 166 [5] Antith. x1; Fortuna veluti Galaxia. [6] Lat. [11] The MS. has, "The Italians have found out one of them; Poco di matto, when they speak of one that cannot do amisse." [23, 24] The French..Remuant: omitted in the Latin. [29] The Latin adds eæque vicissim [34] Higher Powers: the MS. pariunt animos et auctoritatem. ends here. [34]-p. 167 [23] So Cæsar..Magnus: added in 1625. p. 167 [1] Plut. Cæs. 38. Adv. of L. 11. 23, § 8. [14] Plut. Timol. 36. [2] Plut. Syll. 34. See Colours of Good and Evil, 9. ESSAY 41 In a letter from Bacon to Secretary Conway, dated Gray's Inn, 29 March, 1623, he says, "I was looking over some short papers of mine touching usury, how to grind the teeth of it, and yet to make it grind to his Majesty's mill in good sort, without discontent or perturbation : if you think good I will perfect it, as I send it to his Majesty as some fruits of my leisure. But yet I would not have it come as from me, not from any tenderness in the thing, but because I know well in the courts of princes it is usual non res, sed displicet auctor." (Dixon's Pers. Hist. of Lord Bacon, p. 296). This fixes approximately the time at which the Essay "Of Usurie" was written. The subject of Usury was then being much discussed. On the 2nd of March, 1623, a bill was brought into parliament against Usury and passed the Commons on the 26th of April. Two years before, on 18 April, 1621, a bill for the abatement of Usury had been brought in. p. 168 [4] An Act of 37 Hen. 8, cap. 6, had restricted the rate of usance to 10 per cent. In the reign of Edw. 6 Usury was forbidden; but iz Elizabeth's time the act of Hen. 8 was revived under certain restric tions. See p. 147, 1. 1. [8] Virg. Georg. IV. 168. 19. [10] Gen. ii [14] Overbury's Characters; The Devillish Vsurer. See [16] Matt. xix. 8. [22] Lat. de argentari Arist. Pol. 1. 3, § 23. et excambiis publicis. p. 169 [2] Lat. ne dum fœnore feramur in melius, intercipiamur ¿ incidamus in pejus. [9] Vena Porta: see the note on p. 80, 1. 21 [16] Lat. portoriorum et vectigalium imminutio. [20, 21] Th passage should evidently be pointed thus: 'Uncertainties, at the end of the Game, Most &c.' P. 170 [14] Lat. distractiones preproperæ. p. 171 [1] The Latin adds quod modo fecimus. [20] The Latin adds si nos audies. [25-30] Lat. Quandoquidem annuus valor prædiorum, hic apud nos in Angliâ, excedit illum fœnoris ad hanc proportionem redacti, quantum annuus valor sex librarum excedit illum quinque tantum. [26] Lat. ruri et alibi degentibus. p. 172 [3] After 'Merchants' the Latin adds et non aliis quibuscunque hominibus, omitting the words 'upon Usury at a Higher Rate. [9-13] omitted in the Latin. [24-26] Lat. ita enim, prætext"| licentiarum, opportunitatem non habebunt pecunias aliorum pro suis commodandi. [30-34] omitted in the Latin. ESSAY 42 Enlarged from the ed. of 1612, where it is called 'Of Young men and Age.' p. 173 [6-9] And yet.. Divinely; added in 1625. List: added in 1625. Apoph. 98. [13-17] As it was.. [14] Spartian. Vit. Sev.: quoted again in [18-20] As it is seene..and others: added in 1625. p. 174 [3] Age: Lat. Senum. [5] New Things: 'things meerly new' (1612). [15, 16] Care not.. Inconveniences: omitted in the Latin. [30] Good for: 'in respect of' (1612). [34] Rabbine: 'Rabby' (1612). Abrabanel in his Commentary on Joel has the same remark, which is again referred to in the Adv. of L. 1. 3, § 3. Compare also Hugo de St Victore (1. p. 100, Ven. 1588); senes somniant genere somnii contemplatorio, juvenes vident intellectuali genere visionis et revelatorio. P. 175 [1] Joel ii. 28. [9-end] added in 1625. [13] Hermogenes: see Philostr. Vit. Sophist. II. 7: ἐς δὲ ἄνδρας ἥκων αφηρέθη τὴν ἕξιν, ὑπ' οὐδεμιᾶς φανερᾶς νόσου. According to Suidas this happened when he was 24. p. 175 [20] Cic. Brut. 95. etas provectior. Her. IX. 23, 24. [23] Lat. [21] Lat. nimium efferuntur. [24] Livy, XXXVIII. 53; the phrase is from Ovid, |