n.), to give 'away' in marriage; hence sich vermählen, verheirathen, to marry, to 'be married.' The perf. part. may belong either (as a pass. part.) to the trans., or (with middle sense) to the refl. verb, i.e., verheirathet may mean either 'disposed of in marriage' by some one else, or 'married' = having contracted a marriage, entered into matrimony. It should be noted that in this latter sense we never say geheirathet (though it is sometimes so used provincially). vermählen is regarded as a more select and formal word than verheirathen, and is used more particularly of persons of high station.--auswärts (or nach auswärts) verHeirathet, married to someone who lives elsewhere, to a stranger. So, Sie hat sich nach London verheirathet, she has married and gone to [live in] London, &c.

12. Parforcejago (hybrid formed with the Fr. par force) = Heßjagd, a hunt in which the game is really chased (geheßt) with the aid of dogs (Heßhunde), coursing; in distinction from Treibjagd, 40, 20, n.

13. Waidmannslust: cf. 40, 20, n., and Waitwerk, 1. 23 below; Lust, 5, 8, n., is here pleasure, enjoyment.—im verschwiegenen Waldesvickicht. Etw. verschweigen (66, 17), to be silent about, say nothing of, conceal. verschwiegen, perf. part. as adj., mostly of persons (60, 10), silent, taciturn, discreet; metonymically (chiefly in poetry and the higher style) of places, silent, noiseless, hushed.

16. des vergebens erlauerten Wildes. erlauern (er, 11, 12, n. ; lauern, 34, 3, n.), to obtain by lurking or lying in wait; or, as here, simply to endeavour to do so, to lie in wait for, waylay.

18. er konnte wohl mit Grund.... The general force in declaratory sentences of the unaccented particle wohl,-'probably, presumably, surely, perhaps,' &c.—, is to modify the direct assertive force or categorical tone of a statement. It serves either to mark that what is said is to the speaker himself matter of conjecture, or at least of less than perfect certainty,-Er war es wohl nicht, I do not think it was he, it is not likely it was he, cf. 53, 19; 54, 21; or to give a more modest and courteous form to an assertion, assuming or tacitly asking the assent of the hearer or reader (on its difference from doch, cf. 3, 5, n.). It of course often indefinitely combines or lies between the two, as here, er konnte wohl, so the author thinks (or represents the prince as thinking), and so the reader will probably think with him; cf. 57, 22, n.; 71, 3; 93, 8; 98,

4; III, II.

19. auf etw. (acc.) bauen, to build, i.e. fig., to rely on, put confidence in.-Leibesnatur, often Natur simply,-Er hat eine gesunde, eine kräftige Natur, [physical] constitution.

21. Hofbedienstete (bedienstet, perf. part., used only as subst. adj., fr. a disused verb bediensten,—fr. Dienst, service, employment—, to furnish with or put into an office)=Hofbeamte, court officials, lower and higher. It is used especially for minor officials who yet would not be called Bediente, servants, or as a comprehensive term to include petty officials with others of higher position.

22. überzählig, above the (normal, required) number, supernumerary, superfluous.

23. Er meinte..., die Arbeit und das Waidwerk (40, 20, n.) folle (on the sing. verb cf. Eve, 9, Obs. 1, 2). Note that meinen (5, 25, n.) does not here signify to mean, 'intend.' We say indeed ein wohlgemeinter Vorschlag, es gut oder böse [mit Imd.] meinen, to mean well or ill, &c., but meinen is now never (or rarely) used for 'to mean' or 'intend' to do a thing, or that a thing shall be, i.e., with a following infinitive or other dependent clause, expressive of a purpose. But the phrase gemeint (=gesonnen, 24, 29, n.) sein, etw. zu thun, is still current.-Er meinte........, die A. und das W. solle. sollen (11, 28, n.) is sometimes used with apparently a simple future meaning, but with the underlying idea that the speaker fully expects that the thing in question 'will' be, because according to the nature of the case, or the probabilities, it 'must' be, or 'is to be, or on the other hand that he pledges his will or discernment that it'shall' be,―Nun, sind Sie endlich am Ziel? Nein, aber ich hoffe, es soll nicht lange mehr dauern (='will not,' but with a certain admixture of 'can not,' 'is not to,' and 'shall not'); Ich denke, das foll noch kommen ('is to,' and therefore 'will'). So here, folle may be translated, so far correctly, by' would,' but it blends with this meaning more or less of the ideas that they 'ought' or 'must,' and that he meant that they should.' Various other approximative renderings might be proposed,-e.g., 'He thought that...should,' 'It was his idea that...were to,' &c.—, but probably none will be found to express the whole force of the word as here used.

24. viel von or auf (cf. 71, 16, n.) En. or etw. halten, to think a great deal of, esteem highly.—überhaupt (cf. 4, 7, n.), 'in general,' 'besides,' 'anyhow.'

28. We usually say etwas (acc.; less often, an etw.) or einer Sache gewohnt, or an etwas (acc.) gewöhnt (66, 9), accustomed to a thing.

31. dem hohen Patienten, cf. 24, 30, n.; so 53, 27, der hohe Herr,=der Fürst; 65, 24, &c.

PAGE 49.

3. bei diesem Entschluß. bei (18, 21, n.), denoting conjunction or contemporaneity of things or events, may often be paraphrased by 'on occasion of,' and rendered by an adverbial clause of time or condition; so here we may say, 'when he made (or, in making) this resolution'; cf. 96, 22, n.

4. aufraffen (Eng. raff, obs., and rap), to snatch or gather up quickly. sich aufraffen, lit. and fig., to gather oneself together, pick oneself up, rouse oneself (84, 3), rise with effort or energy.—wirkte wundersam: wirken, to work, act (64, 11), be effective (cf. 112, 10), have a certain effect (cf. 105, 30).

6. dem...ein tiefer Schlaf folgte, 'which was followed by a deep sleep.' folgen, governing the dat. case, cannot form a personal passive; hence we often find it constructed in the active where in Eng. the passive would be preferred. So too in rendering the Eng. passive of 'follow' and similar verbs into Germ., the active construction must often be adopted,—He was succeeded by his son, Ihm folgte sein Sohn, &c.

II. Ein Mann, ein Wort, also, Ein Wort, ein Mann, An honest man is as good as his word.'-verfügte die..., issued a Verfügung, or official order, for..., 'gave orders for....'

12. Bestallung (probably not fr. bestallen, as Whitney gives, but vice versa; nor does either word come from Stall; Bestallung was prob. formed fr. bestallt, an old perf. part. of bestellen, fr. which verb we have the current Bestellung), now used only in the Kanzleisprache or official style, for the formal appointment to an office (Stelle, Anstellung).

16. Hofstaat, 47, 17, n.—erstehe. The prefix er (related to aus, if not orig. identical with it) has the root meaning 'up, out, forth,' cf. erschließen, 52, 23, to open up; erbauen, to build up; and often indicates (like ent, 9, 19, n.) a rising into being or activity, thus erstehen, to arise; erblühen, 82, 26, to blossom forth, spring up; ergehen, 85, 27, to go forth, erlassen, to let go forth, issue, &c. It thus often denotes the action especially in its beginning, so ertönen, 89, 26, to begin to sound, sound forth; erscheinen, to shine forth, appear, &c.—sann...wie_er...wolle, 5, 14, n.

18. eitel Trug: eitel, vain, empty (115, 29), Eng. idle, once meant also, mere, pure. Hence its use (as early as the M. H. G. period) without inflection, as a sort of fossilised form, before substs., like the now commoner lauter (110, 14, n.), 'nothing but,'—aus eitel Eigensinn, from mere self-will, &c.

19. Residenz is the designation of a palace, or of a town (Residenzstadt, 62, 27), in which a ruling prince resides with his court, especially the chief town or capital of the land he governs.

23. aus den Wolken fallen, to fall from the clouds, i.e., from the heights of fancy and day-dreaming; to be undeceived, disappointed (79, 20), to have one's eyes opened (71, 28), &c.

24. überhaupt (4, 7, n.)=as a general question, at all (cf. 15, 19, n.), need not here be translated.

26. blutjung: blut has in many compounds simply an intensifying force, 'very,' cf. blutarm, blutfremd, &c.

=

27. Hochschule or hohe Schule in Germ. = Universität.—neben einer Braut: Brautigam and Braut are not simply equivalent to bridegroom and bride, but denote persons engaged to be married, during the whole period of their engagement or Brautstand. The context of the story shows that the young graduate did not actually bring his Braut away with him, but only came away engaged.

28. Doktorhut. Among the formalities that once used to be observed in conferring the doctor's degree was the placing of the doctor's fourcornered red hat by the dean of the faculty upon the head of the candidate. Hence the still current fig. use of the term Doktorhut for the doctor's degree. This ceremony of 'capping' still survives in the Scotch universities as the regular mode of conferring the doctor's degree.

29. Lebemann is a word of modern origin (cf. Fr. bon-vivant), not found before Goethe. It is used with very various shades of meaning, given by the context; it may mean an epicurean free-liver and man of the world, in the worst sense of the term (cf. leben, 47, 10, n.), or simply, as here, a man of gay and cheerful disposition, bent on the enjoyment of life. The word has come often to include further more or less of the notion of the 'gentleman' (one who zu leben weiß, Lebensart hat), as regards outward address and social tact.

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1. Punschrecept...; andere Recepte: Recept, receipt, means both a recipe and a medical prescription (59, 7).

3. von sehr bürgerlicher (17, 17, n.) Herkunft (10, 24, n.), of humble origin, sprung from the lower middle class.

4. vetterschaftliche Gunst (Vetter, cousin, used for relatives generally; Gunst, favour), the patronage of relatives. Vettergunst is sometimes used as a term for nepotism.-nachhelfen, Nachhülfe (etym. more correct, though

hardly as common -hilfe) seem to combine the ideas of giving a help up from behind, hence helping forward generally, and help given 'after' or in addition to the means ordinarily regarded as sufficient, cf. Nachhilfestunden, private lessons supplementing the ordinary instruction.

7. Müller und Schulze are the German Brown, Jones and Robinson.'

8. berief...zu (7, 19, n.) seinem Leibarzt: cf. En. zum Erben einseßen, to appoint as heir; zum Vorsißenden wählen, to elect chairman; 50, 23; &c.

18. allergnädigstes Verschonen mit...: Imd. mit etw. verschonen, to spare a person something, i.e., refrain from troubling him with it or inflicting it on him.―gnädig, gracious (now much used in address to ladies generally-gnädige Frau, gnädiges Fräulein, and by servants in speaking of or to masters and mistresses of the upper class-der gnädige Herr, &c.), was formerly applied as a term of distinction (like hoch of princes and public bodies, cf. 24, 30, n.) exclusively to persons of noble birth, and what pertained to them, cf. 57, 20; 58, 3; 72, 12. allergnädigst is used, like allerhöchst (69, 16, n.), only of royal personages. Both gnädig and allergnädigst are naturally often so used as to blend the literal with the conventional sense (cf. e.g. the pun in 51, 13); so here allergnädigst combines the meaning, most gracious or kind, with that in which it is synonymous with allerhöchst, as used in 69, 16. We might render, and to beg of his royal favour that he might be spared....'—mit der (sc. ihm) zugedachten Würde: Em. etw. zudenken, to destine in thought, i.e., intend a thing, for some one.

19. nahm ihm...die Gedanken aus der Seele, divined his thoughts, drew them forth as it were from the recesses of his mind.

20. folgendergestalt (9, 25, n.), in the following manner, as follows. 22. Er muß.... After the sing. of the third personal pron., Er, Sie, as the polite form of address, had been superseded by the third pers. plur., Sie, now in use (a change not fully established until about the middle of last century), it was still often used in addressing inferiors, as well as by persons of a lower station towards each other. Frederick the Great addressed even his generals and highest officers of state as Er.

24. auf Universitäten. In Germany it has always been the custom for students to go from one university to another, keeping a few terms or Semester at each; hence, while we say, some one has studied 'at the university,' we can say in Germ. auf der Universität or auf Universitäten.

25. die Doktores (cf. 39, 19, n.): the Germ. plur. form Doktoren is now alone used.

26. Charlatans: on the plur. in 8 cf. Aue, § 153. The plur. Chur

R. N.

14