: four Mahommedan principalities of the Decan: that in a war which commenced in 1560, the whole Carnatic was entirely reduced under the yoke of the Mahommedan Kings of Bigepour, and Tullingana: that in the years 1686 and 1687, the Emperor Aurunzebe conquered the kings of Bigepour and Tullingana: that the Naigs of Tanjore, by that conqueft, became feudatories and vaffils of the empire: that about the year 1696, nine years after the reduction of the kingdoms of Bigepour and Tullingana,one Ecko-ji, a Maratta, fervant to the King of Bigepour, having been called by the hereditary Naig of Tanjore to his affiftance, feized the country which he had been called to defend that the Mogul, Nabob of the Carnatic, reduced Sahu-ji, the son of the ufurper, to an abfolute dependence on the empire: that the Nabob impofed upon the vanquished Sahu-ji, an annual tribute of thirty lacks of rupees that in confideration of that fum, and his entire fubmiffion to the mandates of the Mogul, that monarch conferred upon him the title of RAJAH, by an imperial pherman: that during an irregular fucceffion of the pofterity of Ecko-ji in Tanjore, the fettled tribute was paid, and the feudatory services performed by that country, for more than thirty years; that when the Rajah proved refractory, his fuperior, the Nabob of Arcot, feized his country, and threw the revolted Rajah into prifon, as a pu nishment for his contumacy: that though the Rajah, during troubles which arofe in the Carnatic, recovered his liberty and gos vernment, he continued fubject to the empire of the Moguls, and was accountable for his tribute and feudal duties to the Na bob of Arcot, the mediate power between him and the throne. "During the wars, which arose on the coast of Coromandel, from the ambition of the French, and the intrigues of M. Dupleix, it has been fhewn, that the Rajah of Tanjore not only neglected to pay his tribute, but acted a very undutiful and faithlefs part towards his fuperior the Nabob, and the English Company: that, though he fent a force to affift them in 1752, it was after they had ob tained a manifeft fuperiority, by the junction of the Marattas and Myforeans: that, when they had loft their fuperiority in 1753, he amufed them with infidious promifes, whilft he actually treated with their enemies: that his conduct during the whole war was not only uniformly deceptious, but that he privately correfponded with the enemy, entertained their agent in his capital, ftopt provisions from being fent to the English army, and difconcerted their ope rations: that, though the French attacked his capital in 1758, he exhibited marks of animofity against the English, and, when he thought their fortune on the decline, when Madrafs was befieged, he not only refused affiftance to them and his fuperior the Nabob, but treated their reprefentative, Major Calliaud, with every mark of difrefpect and contempt: that, though the power of the French manifeftly declined, when they were forced to raife the feige of Madrafs, he not only refused affiftance to his fuperior the Nabob, but anfwered the request of the presidency with a farcasm upon their conduct. Notwithstanding G 2 "Nativithstanding the treaty of 1762, which fettled the tribute of Tanjore at lefs than half the fum paid in the moit regular times, was fo favourable to Pretaupa-Sing, it has appeared that he fhewed fo little inclination to be punctual, in performing his part of the terms, that nothing but his terror from the troops marching to the fiege of Madura, could induce him to pay his fecond kit: when upon the death of Pretaupa, in December 1763, his fon-in-law, Tulja-ji, fucceeded to the rajahfhip, he improved on his father's crimes and obftinacy. Having removed the legitimate branches of his own family, either by the dagger or bowl, he formed a close connection, and established a secret correfpondence, with Ifoph Chan, then in actual rebellion, and befieged in Madura by the Nabob and the English: when a war was kindled between Hyder Ali and the English, the Rajah, though he had obtained, at the time, favours from the prefidency, affifted their enemy with money when that chief invaded the Carnatic, in 1769, Tulja-ji affifted him with money and provifions, which enabled him to carry the war to the gates of Madrafs, and to conclude a peace on his own terms. Hyder Ali was fo fenfible of the Rajah's fervices, and the Rajah fo certain of the protection and affiftance of that chief, that Hyder infifted his new ally fhould be comprehended in the treaty, which he dictat ed in a manner to the Prefidency, in April 1769 Though the Prefidency, by a fubterfuge to which they endeavoured to affix a meaning, infifted upon including the Rajah in the treaty, as their friend, he did not confider himself in that light; but, on the contrary, depending upon the power of Hyder Ali, ftopped the payment of the ftipulated tribute, which became due, juit three months after the treaty of April 1769 was concluded. "It has appeared that the Court of Directors were fo fenfible of the duplicity and treachery of the Rajah, and fo much irritated at the whole of his conduct, that, on the 17th of March 1769, they fent pofitive orders to the Prefidency, to affift the Nabob in -bringing to a fevere account his undutiful vaffal: that the Court plainly were of opinion, that the treaty of 1762, had not abridged any part of the conftitutional rights of the Carnatic over Tanjore: that they confidered that country as a part of the Carnatic and its Rajah only a Zemindar of that province. That he not only deferved chaftifement for his conduct, but that the Company were bound to affift the Nabob against his refractory feudatory. It has been fhewn that the oftenfible reafons for not executing thole orders, proceeded from circumftances very different from any amendment in the behaviour of the Rajah: that the Prefidency, who were by no means prejudiced in favour of the Nabob, declared that the Rajah certainly deferved chaftifement, for having affifted the enemy of the Carnatic with money and provifions, and for delaying the payment of the pifhcafh, fettled by the treaty of 1762; that in the end of the year 1770, the Rajah's correfpondence with the Marattas and Hyder, which two powers he invited to an invafion of the Carnatic, was difcovered by the Pre fidency fidency as well as by the Nabob: that, whilst he folicited foreign enemies to attack the Nabob, he himself actually took up arms against the dependants of that prince: that when the English prefident wrote to the Rajah to fufpend hoftilities, instead of paying attention to that application, he conveyed infult and impertinence in his answer: that upon the whole, the intrigues of the Rajah with the avowed enemies of the Carnatic, his taking up arms against the dependants of a prince, to whom he himself was tributary, his breach of the treaty of 1762 of which the Company were guarantees, his oppofition to the English commerce, bis connection with other European factories, his avowed difobedience to his fuperior, his ingratitude to his protectors, his behaviour in the late war, the danger that might refult from his known character in any future war, rendered it juft, expedient, and neceffary to bring him to a fevere account. "Though the conduct of the Rajah appeared to the Prefidency to merit the ultimate chastisement of war, it has been shewn, that the Nabob preferred negotiation to hoftility: that, when the decifion of arms became neceffary, he vetted his eldest son with powers to accommodate matters with the Rajah: that when an agent was fent with letters to Tanjore, from the prefident, the general, and the young Nabob, Tulja-ji treated him with indignity, and his difpatches with contempt: that notwithstanding, when a practicable breach was made, a peace was concluded, fo favourable to the Rajah, that the Presidency expreffed the highest diffatisfaction on that head: that from the known character and views of Tuja-ji it was the opinion of the Prefidency, that a fecond expedition against Tanjøre would foon become neceffary, and that nothing fhort of the abfolute reduction of the Rajah could preferve the peace of the Carnatic: that this opinion was verified by the ·subsequent conduct of the Rajah, who renewed his intrigues with - foreign powers, as foon as the guns which had breached his walls were withdrawn from the batteries: that he demanded fuccours from the Marattas, affured Hyder that he had no other protector, promifed to affift that chief in difmembering the Carnatic, entered into intrigues, treaties, and agreements for a military af fitance, with the Dutch of Negapatnam, Danes of Tranquebar, and French at Pondicherry: that inftead of treating the just authority of his fuperior with becoming refpect, he had refused upon requifition to affist him with troops, in terms of his tenure: that he received, protected and aided the enemies of the Nabob, encouraged depredations in his country, and neglected to pay the money ftipulated by the agreement, to the obfervance of which he had folemnly fworn in the month of October 1771. Upon the whole, it has been fhewn, that the Rajah, by with-holding for more than two years, the tribute ftipulated to be annually paid to the Nabob, had broken the treaty of 1762, to which the Company were guarantees that the Company were bound by that treaty which they themselves had made, to affift the Nabob against the Rajah: that, though the Rajah, as a tri butary butary to the Carnatic, was in juftice bound to furnish his quota of men and money, towards the general defence, he refused both, and affifted the enemy: that the Prefidency of Fort St. George, by the exprefs orders of their fuperiors, were obliged to give their affiftance to the Nabob in preferving the peace of the Carnatic, as well as the rights and dignity of his government: that the dangerous intrigues, preparations, and even hoftilities of the Rajah had broken the peace of the Carnatic of which they were the guardians: that their duty to their fuperiors, their engagements to the Nabob, and even felf-prefervation forced them to take the field: that when a war was once commenced, they could only appear, as they themselves uniformly acknowledged, in the light of allies, auxiliaries, or mercenaries: that in none of those chara&ers, they poffeffed or pretended to poffefs, any right to what might be obtained by victory, except the plunder of -places taken by ftorm that, as Tanjore was a part of the Carnatic, as being tributary to that province, the keeping poffeffion of that place when reduced, or the giving it to any other than its lord paramount the Nabob, would have been in the Company a direct infringement of the treaty of Paris, which guaranteed Mahommed Ali in the entire and exclufive poffeffion of the whole country: that, granting Tanjore had not been a part of the Carnatic, a pofition which we deny, it became a part of that country when it was conquered by the arms of the Nabob, in a neceffary, regular, and folemn war: that, as foon as it became a part of the Carnatic, by conqueft, which is the leaft difputable of all rights, it immediately fell under the fecurity of the treaty of Paris-that nothing but another conqueft, or a voluntary feceffion of Tanjore by the Nabob himself, could alienate it from that prince: that the Company, by taking poffeffion of it, by keep ing it for themfelves, or transferring its revenue and government to another, not only infringed the guarantee of the ftate, but committed an act of private injuftice, if not robbery, which ought to be, and perhaps is, punishable by the laws of their country that, by restoring Tanjore to the Rajah, or, what in fact is the case, their feizing it for themfelves, they broke a folemn contract, concluded with the Nabob, under the faith of their own feal." All these facts appear to us to have been established beyond the power of reply; and it feems reasonable to conclude that, if the cafe were otherwife, the Directors of the Eaft India Company, whofe character they fo deeply affect, would not have left them unrefuted. In a public advertisement they once ventured to affert that, if they could be proved guilty of fuch enormities, they would hold themselves unworthy of managing the Company's affairs. Now we fee the enormities demonftrated from their own records, which are here here quoted in the margin and notes as vouchers, and yet the Directors ftill hold their places! Befides the leading and main facts, we here meet with many collateral circumftances, which are no lefs curious and interefting; particularly the caufes which, according to the Nabob's fon, induced General Jofeph Smith to raise the fiege of Tanjore, when a practicable breach dictated an immediate ftorm, and the motives of Lord Pigot in a letter in April to the Rajah of Tanjore, for calling that King a rebel, and for ftyling him in a letter to the Nabob, in May, an independent prince. M. The Anatomy of the Human Body. By Samuel Foart Simmons, M.D. F.R.S. Member of the College of Phyficians, London; and of the Royal Medical Society at Paris, Vol. I. 8vo. 6s. Murray. The public are already indebted to this learned and ingenious phyfician, for the Elements of Anatomy and the Animal Oeconomy. The favourable reception that performance met with from the public, induced the author (as we are told in his preface) to engage in the prefent work, which is formed on a different plan, and is defigned for those who wish to enter more minutely into the ftudy of a fcience which is very properly confidered as the basis of medical and surgical knowledge. It is certain that a work of this fort has long been a defideratum in the English language. The only fyftematic book that is in the hands of our ftudents, is a tranflation from the French of Winflow; and, to fay nothing of the numerous improvements that have been made in anatomy fince Winflow's book firft made its appearance, (now almost half a century ago) the ftyle and prolixity of the French anatomift are fuch, that few ftudents have perfeverance enough to follow him in his obfervations. In the work before us, the defcriptions appear to be extremely accurate without being too prolix; and to a thorough knowledge of his fubject, the author has joined an ease and an elegance of ftyle that are feldom to be met with in medical writings. This first volume contains the ofteology and myology, or in other words defcriptions of the bones and mufcles; the other branches that remain to be described in a future volume or volumes (for we are not told how many * See our Review for September, 1775. the |