Were flitting; and,—as when among the meads

The bees in cloudless summer [-hour] alight On chequered blossoms, and are streamed around

White lilies, hums with music all the plain.
Æneas shudders at the sudden sight,
And in his ignorance does he demand 1000
The reasons :- -what may be those floods
beyond,

Or who the persons, in a host so vast
Have filled the banks. Then sire Anchises
[thus]:

"The souls, to whom are other bodies due By destiny, at Lethe's river-wave Care-chasing draughts and long oblivion drink.

Hereof in sooth to give thee an account, And spread them out before thy view, the line

Of my [descendants] to recount, long since [Have] I desire[d]; that thou the more with me

ΙΟΙΟ

Of flying creatures, and the monster forms, Which 'neath its marble surface breeds the deep.

A fiery energy and heav'nly source Resides within these principles, so far As harmful bodies clog them not, nor blunt them 1030 Earth-gendered joints and perishable limbs. Hence fear they and desire, they grieve and joy;

Nor do they peer abroad upon the heavens, Confined in darkness and a gloomy jail. Yea too, when with its latest ray hath life Left them, yet do not from the woeful ones Their every ill, nor all their body-plagues Depart entirely. And it needs must be That many a fault, long grown up with their growth,

In wondrous ways should deep within them

Hence are they disciplined by punishments,

1030. The English idiom absolutely demands a negative in the positive clause in v. 732; otherwise a meaning the reverse of the poet's will be conveyed.

"O ignorant poor man! What dost thou fear, Lock'd up within the casket of thy breast? What jewels and what riches hast thou there? What heav'nly treasure in so weak a chest? "Look in thy soul, and thou shalt beauties find, Like those which drown'd Narcissus in the flood:

Honour and pleasure both are in thy mind,

And all that in the world is counted good. "Think of her worth, and think that God did mean This worthy mind should worthy things embrace :

Blot not her beauties with thy thoughts unclean, Nor her dishonour with thy passion base.

"Kill not her quick'ning pow'r with surfeitings; Mar not her sense with sensuality; Cast not her wit on idle things;

Make not her free-will slave to vanity. "And when thou think'st of her eternity,

Think not that death against her nature is : Think it a birth: and when thou go'st to die, Sing like a swan, as if thou went'st to bliss."

Sir John Davies, Immortality of the Soul. "Yet man, fool man! here buries all his thoughts; Inters celestial hopes without one sigh. Prisoner of Earth, and pent beneath the Moon, Here pinions all his wishes; wing'd by Heaven To fly at infinite, and reach it there, Where seraphs gather immortality

On life's fair tree, fast by the throne of God." "A soul immortal, spending all her fires, Wasting her strength in strenuous idleness, Thrown into tumult, raptur'd or alarm'd, At aught this scene can threaten or indulge, Resembles ocean into tempest wrought, To waft a feather, or to drown a fly." Young, The Complaint, N. i. "I am thy father's spirit, Doom'd for a certain term to walk the night, And, for the day, confin'd to lasting fires,

1041.

And penalties of crimes of old pay out.
Some gibbeted are spread to empty winds;
From others underneath the monstrous gulf
Their wickedness ingrained is washed away,
Or is burnt out by fire. We each endure
His proper Manes; then we are dismissed
Throughout the wide Elysium, and we few
The gladsome fields possess: till length of
day[s],-

Till the foul crimes, done in my days of nature,
Are burnt and purg'd away.'

Shakespeare, Hamlet, i. 5. 1044. Spenser magnificently introduces Pilate in the infernal regions, washing his hands, but in vain:

"He lookt a little further, and espyde

Another wretch, whose carcas deepe was drent Within the river, which the same did hyde: But both his hands, most filthy feculent, Above the water were on high extent, And faynd to wash themselves incessantly, Yet nothing cleaner were for such intent, But rather fowler seemed to the eye: So lost his labour, vaine and ydle industry. "The knight, him calling, asked who he was? Who, lifting up his head, him answerd thus: 'I Pilate am, the falsest judge, alas! And most unjust; that, by unrighteous And wicked doome,'" &c. F. Q., ii. 7, end.

Crashaw, on the original act itself:

"My hands are wash'd, but, O the water's spilt,
That labour'd to have wash'd thy guilt:
The flood, if any be that can suffice,
Must have its fountain in thine eyes.'

"What hands are here? Ha! they pluck out mine eyes!

Will all great Neptune's ocean wash this blood
Clean from my hand? No; this my hand will
rather

The multitudinous seas incarnadine,
Making the green-one red."

Shakespeare, Macbeth, ii. 2.
1046. "Nor custom, nor example, nor vast numbers
Of such as do offend, make less the sin.
For each particular crime a strict account
Will be exacted, and that comfort which
The damned pretend, fellows in misery,
Takes nothing from their torments: every one
Must suffer in himself the measure of

His wickedness." Massinger, The Picture, iv. I.

1049. "Deceit and artifice! the turn's too sudden :
Habitual evils seldom change so soon,
But many days must pass, and many sorrows,
Conscious remorse and anguish must be felt,
To curb desire, to break the stubborn will,
And work a second nature in the soul."

Rowe, Ulysses, act i.

Th' incorporated stain, and taintless left
The heaven-born intelligence, and fire
Of uncompounded spirit. All of these,
When they have through a thousand years
rolled round

The wheel [of Time], to Lethe's flood the god

Forth summons in a mighty host; to wit,
That, void of memory, the vault above
They may again revisit, and begin
To wish into their bodies to return." 1059
Anchises said, and on he draws his son,
The Sibyl with him too, within the midst
Of the assemblies, and the humming crowd;
And fixes on a hillock, whence them all
In long array he can in front review,
And learn their lineaments as they advance.
"Now come! what fame upon our Dar-
dan race

1059.

"Heavens! can you then thus waste, in shameful wise,

Your few important days of trial here?
Heirs of eternity! yborn to rise
Through endless states of being, still more near
To bliss approaching, and perfection clear,
Can you renounce a fortune so sublime,

Such glorious hopes, your backward steps to steer,
And roll, with vilest brutes, thro' mud and slime!
No! no!-Your heaven-touch'd heart disdains the
sordid crime !"

"Not less the life, the vivid joy serene,

That lighted up these new-created men, Than that which wings th' exulting spirit clean, When just deliver'd from his fleshly den, It soaring seeks its native skies agen: How light its essence! how unclogg'd its powers, Beyond the blazon of my mortal pen! Ev'n so we glad forsook the sinful bowers, Ev'n such enraptur'd life, such energy was ours." Thomson, Castle of Indolence, ii. end.

1062. Sonantem, v. 753, must not be rendered too strongly see vv. 705-9.

Lavinia shall bring forth within the woods, A king, and sire of kings, from whom our line

Shall rule in Alba Longa. He the next
Is Procas, of the Trojan race the pride,
And Capys [too], and Numitor, and he,
Who thee shall in his name reflect, Silvius
Æneas, equally for piety
1084

Or arms distinguished, if at any time
He Alba shall receive to rule. What youths!
Behold what mighty pow'rs do they display!
E'en shaded with the civic oak, they bear
Their temples. These Nomentum shall for
thee,

And Gabii, and Fidena's city; these 1090
Shall plant upon the hills Collatia's towers,
For praise of chastity renowned; and add
Pometii the haughty, and the Fort
Of Inuus, and Bola, Cora too.

are now

Without a name. Yea too, in company With his grandsire, Mavortian Romulus Shall join him; whom shall of Assarac's blood

Without the constellations lies their land, Without the pathways of the year and sun, Where heav'n-supporting Atlas whirls the pole

Upon his shoulder, chased with blazing

stars.

"Nor in a secret cloister doth he keep

These virgin-spirits, till their marriage-day; Nor locks them up in chambers, where they sleep Till they awake within these beds of clay." Immortality of the Soul, section 5.

But Thomson avails himself of it in Alfred, ii. 3 :
"From those eternal regions bright,
Where suns that never set in night
Diffuse the golden day,

Where Spring unfading pours around,
O'er all the dew-impearled ground,
Her thousand colours gay;

O! whether on the fountain's flowery side,
Whence living waters glide,

Or in the fragrant grove

Whose shade embosoms Peace and Love,
New pleasures all your hours employ,
And ravish every sense with every joy:
Great heirs of empire yet unborn
Who shall this island late adorn!

A monarch's drooping thought to cheer,
Appear! appear! appear!"

realms,

At answers of the gods, and troubled be The flurried outlets of the sev'nfold Nile. Nor did in sooth Alcides overpass 1132 So wide [a span] of earth, although he pierced

The bronzen-footed hind, or tranquillized The groves of Erymanth, and Lerna forced To shudder through his bow: nor he who sways

His team with reins, encircled with the vine, In conquest,-Liber, driving tigers down From Nysa's lofty crest. And do we still Demur to spread our fame by our exploits? Or is it fear, that bars our settling down Upon Ausonia's land?" "But who is he Afar, distinguished by the olive-sprays, Bearing the holy things?" "I know the locks 1144 And frosty chin of Roma's monarch, who The city first shall stablish by his laws; From petty Cures, and a poor estate, Commissioned to majestic sway. To whom Shall Tullus next succeed, he who shall break

The quiet of his native land, and rouse 1150 To arms his restful subjects, and the hosts, To triumphs now unused. Whom follows

close

Too vauntful Ancus, now, e'en now, o'ermuch

Rejoicing in mob-breath.

1147,

list

And dost thou

8. "And, as in cloudy days, we see the sun
Glide over turrets, temples, richest fields,
All those left dark, and slighted in his way,
And on the wretched plight of some poor shed,
Pours all the glories of his golden head:
So heavenly virtue on this envied lord
Points all his graces." Shirley, Chabot, iv. 1.
1153, 4. "O popular applause! What heart of man
Is proof against thy sweet seducing charms?
The wisest and the best feel urgent need
Of all their caution in thy gentlest gales;
But swell'd into a gust,-who then, alas!
With all his canvas set, and inexpert,
And therefore heedless, can withstand thy
pow'r ?"
Cowper, Task, b. ii.

"Foe to restraint, unpractis'd in deceit,
Too resolute, from nature's active heat,
To brook affronts, and tamely pass them by;
Too proud to flatter, too sincere to lie,
Too plain to please, too honest to be great,
Give me, kind Heav'n, an humbler, happier state;
Far from the place where men with pride deceive,
Where rascals promise, and where fools believe;
Far from the walk of folly, vice, and strife,
Calm, independent, let me steal through life,
Nor one vain wish my steady thoughts beguile
To fear his lordship's frown, or court his smile."
Churchill, Night.
"Wilt thou assign the flatteries, whereon
The reeling pillars of a popular breath
Have rais'd thy giant-like conceit ?"
Beaumont and Fletcher, The Laws of Candy, i. 2.

The Tarquin monarchs, and the haughty soul

Of vengeful Brutus, and the fascial rods,
Recovered, to behold? The consul's sway
And ruthless axes he shall first receive;
And, [though] a father, shall his sons,
strange wars

Arousing, to their punishment, for sake 1160
Of beauteous freedom, call. Unhappy man!
Howe'er posterity these deeds shall brook,
The love of country, and a boundless lust
Of praises, shall prevail. Moreover too,
The Decii, and the Drusi far away,
And, unrelenting with his axe, behold
Torquatus; and, the standards bringing
back,

Camillus. But those sprites, whom thou perceiv'st

Gleaming in weapons uniform, in heart Knit now, and while in night they're overwhelmed,

1170 Alas! how sore the war between them, if The light of life they shall have reached! How sore

The battles and the carnage they shall wake! From Alpine piles, and from Monoecus' tower,

The sire-in-law down swooping; son-in-law,

That's a stale cheat: The primitive rebel, Lucifer, first us'd it, And was the first reformer of the skies." Dryden, Spanish Fryar, v. The Tarquins "Now mince the sin,

1161. "Beauteous freedom." would have said:

And mollify damnation with a phrase."
Dryden, Spanish Fryar, v.

1162. "Brook," or, perhaps, "tell." The meaning of the passage seems to be this. It is as if Anchises had said: "I am aware that this act of Brutus is questionable, and that hereafter it will be freely canvassed, and by some as freely condemned. But, notwithstanding this difference of opinion, I believe that the upholders of Brutus will at last carry the world with them. The love of country, and the desire for the approval of good men, will be pronounced paramount to all considerations of private interest or affection."

1163, 4. "Though the desire of fame be the last

weakness

Do not, my sons, do not familiarize
Such grievous battles to your minds, nor turn
Your lusty strength against your country's
bowels :

And thou the first, do thou forbear, who draw'st 1180 Thy lineage from Olympus; fling away The weapons from thy hand, Ŏ my own blood!

That [warrior] to the lofty Capitol,

A conqueror, on Corinth triumphed o'er, Shall drive his chariot, marked by slaughtered Greeks.

This Argos shall uproot, Mycenae, too, [The seat] of Agamemnon, aye and e'en A child of Æacus, Achilles' seed, The powerful in armor, having venged The ancestors of Troja, and Minerva's fane, 1190 That was disgraced. Who, mighty Cato, thee,

Orthee, O Cossus, could unmentioned leave? Who could the race of Gracchus? Or[those] twain,

Two levin-bolts of war, the Scipios,
The scourge of Libya? And Fabricius,
A master [spirit] in a petty sphere?
Or thee, Serranus, sowing in thy trench?
Whither, O Fabii, hurry wearied me?
Thou art that " Maximus," who dost alone

1179.

See, see, the pining malady of France! Behold the wounds, the most unnatural wounds, Which thou thyself hast given her woful breast! O, turn thy edged sword another way;

Strike those that hurt, and hurt not those that help;

One drop of blood, drawn from thy country's bosom, Should grieve thee more than streams of foreign gore." Shakespeare, 1 K. Hen. VI., iii. 3. "Every wound

We give our country is a crimson tear From our own heart. They are a viperous brood Gnaw through the bowels of their parent." Shirley, The Politician, iv. 2. 1197. "Cromwell, I charge thee, fling away am

bition:

By that sin fell the angels."

Shakespeare, King Henry VIII., iii. 2.
You have worth,
Richly enamelled with modesty;
And, though your lofty merit might sit crown'd
On Caucasus, or the Pyrenæan mountains,
You choose the humbler valley, and had rather
Grow a safe shrub below, than dare the winds,
And be a cedar."

Randolph, The Muses' Looking-Glass, iii. 2.
"Trust me, I prize poor virtue with a rag
Better than vice with both the Indies."
Beaumont and Fletcher, The Faithful
Friends, iv. 4.

Others more tenderly shall model out
Their breathing bronzes, truly I believe ;
Shall living features from the marble draw;
Plead causes better; and the heav'n's career
Map out with wand, and rise of stars de-
scribe:

Do thou, to rule the nations 'neath thy sway,

Remember, Roman! these shall be thy

arts :

E'en to obtrude upon them terms of peace, To spare the prostrate, and to crush the proud."

Thus sire Anchises; and, in their amaze, He these subjoins: "See how Marcellus, badged

1211

With trophies from the gen'ral, stalks along
And, conq'ror, all the heroes overtops!
He shall the state of Rome, while tumult vast
Is troubling it, support; he, mounted on
his steed,

Shall quell the Poni and revolting Gaul,
And the third captured arms shall hang aloft
To sire Quirinus." And Æneas here :-
For pacing by his side he saw a youth,
Peerless in figure and in gleaming arms,
But little blithe his forehead, and his eyne
With downcast look :-" Who, sire, is he,
who thus

1222

Accompanies the warrior as he goes? His son? Or any of his mighty stock Of grandsons? What a buzz of retinue

1202. "Breathing :" that is, of course, seemingly alive; as Spenser represents Minerva working a Butterfly:

"Emongst these leaves she made a butterflie,
With excellent device and wondrous slight,
Fluttring among the olives wantonly,
That seem'd to live, so like it was in sight:
The velvet nap which on his wings doth lie,
The silken downe with which his backe is dight,
His broad outstretched hornes, his hayrie thies,
His glorious colours, and his glistering eies.'
Muiopotmos, 42.

"Such are thy pieces, imitating life
So near, they almost conquer in the strife."
Dryden, Ep. to Sir G. Kneller.

"Still to new scenes my wandering muse retires, And the dumb show of breathing rocks admires ; Where the smooth chisel all its force has shown, And soften'd into flesh the rugged stone.'

Addison, Letter to Lord Halifax. "Beneath yon storied roof, where mimic life Glows to the eye, and at the painter's touch A new creation lives along the walls."

Murphy, The Orphan of China, act ii. 1225, 6. So Gray of Queen Elizabeth: "Girt with many a baron bold Sublime their starry fronts they rear; And gorgeous dames and statesmen old, In bearded majesty, appear.