Epidemiology: An IntroductionAcross the last forty years, epidemiology has developed into a vibrant scientific discipline that brings together the social and biological sciences, incorporating everything from statistics to the philosophy of science in its aim to study and track the distribution and determinants of health events. A now-classic text, the second edition of this essential introduction to epidemiology presents the core concepts in a unified approach that aims to cut through the fog and elucidate the fundamental concepts. Rather than focusing on formulas or dogma, the book presents basic epidemiologic principles and concepts in a coherent and straightforward exposition. By emphasizing a unifying set of ideas, students will develop a strong foundation for understanding the principles of epidemiologic research. |
From inside the book
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Page 2
... period. In contrast, 31% of those who were Table 1–1 Risk of Death in a 20-Year Period Among. Figure 1–1 Age distribution of the populations of Panama and Sweden (population pyramids). source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Data Base ...
... period. In contrast, 31% of those who were Table 1–1 Risk of Death in a 20-Year Period Among. Figure 1–1 Age distribution of the populations of Panama and Sweden (population pyramids). source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Data Base ...
Page 3
... Period Among Women in Whickham, England, According to Smoking Status at the Beginning of the Period* Smoking Vital Status Yes No Total Dead 139 230 369 Alive 443 502 945 Total 582 732 1314 Risk (Dead/Total) 0.24 0.31 0.28 *Data from ...
... Period Among Women in Whickham, England, According to Smoking Status at the Beginning of the Period* Smoking Vital Status Yes No Total Dead 139 230 369 Alive 443 502 945 Total 582 732 1314 Risk (Dead/Total) 0.24 0.31 0.28 *Data from ...
Page 4
... Period Among Women in Whickham, England, According to Smoking Status at the Beginning of the Period, by Age Smoking Age Vital Status Yes No Total 18–24 Dead Alive Risk 2 53 0.04 1 61 0.02 3 114 0.03 25–34 Dead Alive Risk 3 121 0.02 5 ...
... Period Among Women in Whickham, England, According to Smoking Status at the Beginning of the Period, by Age Smoking Age Vital Status Yes No Total 18–24 Dead Alive Risk 2 53 0.04 1 61 0.02 3 114 0.03 25–34 Dead Alive Risk 3 121 0.02 5 ...
Page 5
... period of 1 year, and we look at the average age at death among those who die during that year. Suppose that in group A the average age at death is 4 years and in group B it is 38 years. Can we say that being a member of group A is ...
... period of 1 year, and we look at the average age at death among those who die during that year. Suppose that in group A the average age at death is 4 years and in group B it is 38 years. Can we say that being a member of group A is ...
Page 9
... periods when plague threatened Venice, an important shipping port, all vehicles, goods, and travelers were isolated for a period of time. This procedure, today called quarantine (from the Italian phrase quaranta dei, meaning “40 days ...
... periods when plague threatened Venice, an important shipping port, all vehicles, goods, and travelers were isolated for a period of time. This procedure, today called quarantine (from the Italian phrase quaranta dei, meaning “40 days ...
Contents
1 | |
8 | |
3 What Is Causation? | 23 |
4 Measuring Disease Occurrence and Causal Effects | 38 |
5 Types of Epidemiologic Studies | 69 |
6 Infectious Disease Epidemiology | 110 |
7 Dealing with Biases | 124 |
8 Random Error and the Role of Statistics | 148 |
9 Analyzing Simple Epidemiologic Data | 164 |
10 Controlling Confounding by Stratifying Data | 176 |
11 Measuring Interactions | 198 |
12 Using Regression Models in Epidemiologic Analysis | 211 |
13 Epidemiology in Clinical Settings | 235 |
Appendix | 254 |
Index | 257 |
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Common terms and phrases
age categories approach asbestos bare-metal stents biologic interaction birth order breast cancer calculated case-cohort study case-control study causal mechanism Chapter cholera clinical cohort study compared component causes confidence interval confounding factor control confounding control series curve data in Table denominator described drug-eluting stent epidemic epidemiologic epidemiologic study evaluation example experiment exposed and unexposed Figure flutamide follow-up incidence proportion incidence rate ratio induction infection influenza investigator matching measure misclassification mortality rate nonsmokers null hypothesis obtain occur odds ratio outbreak outcome P-value P-value function patients period person person-time person-years placebo population at risk predicted prevalence prevent confounding propensity score random assignment randomized trial rate difference rate ratio regression model relation reproductive number result risk data risk difference risk factor risk of death risk ratio sampling selection bias significance testing source population specific standard statistical significance strata stratified analysis subjects Suppose tion tolbutamide treatment unexposed group vaccine variable women