Epidemiology: An IntroductionAcross the last forty years, epidemiology has developed into a vibrant scientific discipline that brings together the social and biological sciences, incorporating everything from statistics to the philosophy of science in its aim to study and track the distribution and determinants of health events. A now-classic text, the second edition of this essential introduction to epidemiology presents the core concepts in a unified approach that aims to cut through the fog and elucidate the fundamental concepts. Rather than focusing on formulas or dogma, the book presents basic epidemiologic principles and concepts in a coherent and straightforward exposition. By emphasizing a unifying set of ideas, students will develop a strong foundation for understanding the principles of epidemiologic research. |
From inside the book
Results 1-5 of 69
Page 4
... relation in the crude data of Table 1–1. In Chapter 10, I will return to these data and show how to calculate the effect of smoking on the risk of death after removal of the age confounding. Confounding is a problem that pervades many ...
... relation in the crude data of Table 1–1. In Chapter 10, I will return to these data and show how to calculate the effect of smoking on the risk of death after removal of the age confounding. Confounding is a problem that pervades many ...
Page 15
... relation between specific occupations and mortality. He was famously engaged in a series of analyses of the cholera epidemics that struck London in the mid–19th century, in which he determined that local and comparatively small changes ...
... relation between specific occupations and mortality. He was famously engaged in a series of analyses of the cholera epidemics that struck London in the mid–19th century, in which he determined that local and comparatively small changes ...
Page 16
... relation between water supply and cholera conducted in certain neighborhoods of London. The key study was one in which water pipes from two competing companies, one carrying clean water and the other water that was contaminated with ...
... relation between water supply and cholera conducted in certain neighborhoods of London. The key study was one in which water pipes from two competing companies, one carrying clean water and the other water that was contaminated with ...
Page 18
... relation to weight gain during infancy and secondarily compared the effect of boiled versus raw cow's milk among the bottle-fed infants. This study has been described as the first retrospective cohort study,16 although one could argue ...
... relation to weight gain during infancy and secondarily compared the effect of boiled versus raw cow's milk among the bottle-fed infants. This study has been described as the first retrospective cohort study,16 although one could argue ...
Page 19
... relation of age at first pregnancy, age at menopause, number of children, and surgically induced menopause to breast cancer risk. Although it was not recognized at the time, this study introduced a novel study design that has since ...
... relation of age at first pregnancy, age at menopause, number of children, and surgically induced menopause to breast cancer risk. Although it was not recognized at the time, this study introduced a novel study design that has since ...
Contents
1 | |
8 | |
3 What Is Causation? | 23 |
4 Measuring Disease Occurrence and Causal Effects | 38 |
5 Types of Epidemiologic Studies | 69 |
6 Infectious Disease Epidemiology | 110 |
7 Dealing with Biases | 124 |
8 Random Error and the Role of Statistics | 148 |
9 Analyzing Simple Epidemiologic Data | 164 |
10 Controlling Confounding by Stratifying Data | 176 |
11 Measuring Interactions | 198 |
12 Using Regression Models in Epidemiologic Analysis | 211 |
13 Epidemiology in Clinical Settings | 235 |
Appendix | 254 |
Index | 257 |
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Common terms and phrases
age categories approach asbestos bare-metal stents biologic interaction birth order breast cancer calculated case-cohort study case-control study causal mechanism Chapter cholera clinical cohort study compared component causes confidence interval confounding factor control confounding control series curve data in Table denominator described drug-eluting stent epidemic epidemiologic epidemiologic study evaluation example experiment exposed and unexposed Figure flutamide follow-up incidence proportion incidence rate ratio induction infection influenza investigator matching measure misclassification mortality rate nonsmokers null hypothesis obtain occur odds ratio outbreak outcome P-value P-value function patients period person person-time person-years placebo population at risk predicted prevalence prevent confounding propensity score random assignment randomized trial rate difference rate ratio regression model relation reproductive number result risk data risk difference risk factor risk of death risk ratio sampling selection bias significance testing source population specific standard statistical significance strata stratified analysis subjects Suppose tion tolbutamide treatment unexposed group vaccine variable women