Epidemiology: An IntroductionAcross the last forty years, epidemiology has developed into a vibrant scientific discipline that brings together the social and biological sciences, incorporating everything from statistics to the philosophy of science in its aim to study and track the distribution and determinants of health events. A now-classic text, the second edition of this essential introduction to epidemiology presents the core concepts in a unified approach that aims to cut through the fog and elucidate the fundamental concepts. Rather than focusing on formulas or dogma, the book presents basic epidemiologic principles and concepts in a coherent and straightforward exposition. By emphasizing a unifying set of ideas, students will develop a strong foundation for understanding the principles of epidemiologic research. |
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Page 3
... difference between smokers and nonsmokers in risk of death. Few died among those in the youngest age categories, regardless of whether they were smokers or not, whereas among the oldest women, almost everyone died during the 20 years of ...
... difference between smokers and nonsmokers in risk of death. Few died among those in the youngest age categories, regardless of whether they were smokers or not, whereas among the oldest women, almost everyone died during the 20 years of ...
Page 4
... Risk 2 53 0.04 1 61 0.02 3 114 0.03 25–34 Dead Alive Risk 3 121 0.02 5 152 0.03 8 273 0.03 35–44 Dead Alive Risk 14 ... difference in the age distribution ignored, one might conclude erroneously that smoking was not related to a higher risk ...
... Risk 2 53 0.04 1 61 0.02 3 114 0.03 25–34 Dead Alive Risk 3 121 0.02 5 152 0.03 8 273 0.03 35–44 Dead Alive Risk 14 ... difference in the age distribution ignored, one might conclude erroneously that smoking was not related to a higher risk ...
Page 6
... difference? What additional factors would you consider to explain the difference in the number of deaths? 3. In Table 1–2, which age group would you say shows the greatest effect of smoking on the risk of death during the 20-year ...
... difference? What additional factors would you consider to explain the difference in the number of deaths? 3. In Table 1–2, which age group would you say shows the greatest effect of smoking on the risk of death during the 20-year ...
Page 45
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Page 58
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Contents
1 | |
8 | |
3 What Is Causation? | 23 |
4 Measuring Disease Occurrence and Causal Effects | 38 |
5 Types of Epidemiologic Studies | 69 |
6 Infectious Disease Epidemiology | 110 |
7 Dealing with Biases | 124 |
8 Random Error and the Role of Statistics | 148 |
9 Analyzing Simple Epidemiologic Data | 164 |
10 Controlling Confounding by Stratifying Data | 176 |
11 Measuring Interactions | 198 |
12 Using Regression Models in Epidemiologic Analysis | 211 |
13 Epidemiology in Clinical Settings | 235 |
Appendix | 254 |
Index | 257 |
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Common terms and phrases
age categories approach asbestos bare-metal stents biologic interaction birth order breast cancer calculated case-cohort study case-control study causal mechanism Chapter cholera clinical cohort study compared component causes confidence interval confounding factor control confounding control series curve data in Table denominator described drug-eluting stent epidemic epidemiologic epidemiologic study evaluation example experiment exposed and unexposed Figure flutamide follow-up incidence proportion incidence rate ratio induction infection influenza investigator matching measure misclassification mortality rate nonsmokers null hypothesis obtain occur odds ratio outbreak outcome P-value P-value function patients period person person-time person-years placebo population at risk predicted prevalence prevent confounding propensity score random assignment randomized trial rate difference rate ratio regression model relation reproductive number result risk data risk difference risk factor risk of death risk ratio sampling selection bias significance testing source population specific standard statistical significance strata stratified analysis subjects Suppose tion tolbutamide treatment unexposed group vaccine variable women