IV. There are references to this Parish in the Charity Commissioners' Register of Unreported Charities, the substance of which is embodied in the following Report.

Hawkshead.

IV.

Register of Unreported Charities.

V.

and Popula

V. The ancient parish of Hawkshead comprised, previously to the date of the Order referred to below, the three following townships, the population of which, as ascertained Constitution by the Census of 1891, is indicated by the figures opposite their respective names :Claife

Hawkshead and Monk Coniston with Skelwith
Satterthwaite

631

By an Order of the Local Government Board dated 1st November 1894, the township of Hawkshead and Monk Coniston with Skelwith was divided into three townships, called respectively Skelwith, Hawkshead, and Coniston, the last-named of which, however, was included in the township of Church Coniston in the ancient parish of Ulverston. The expression "Township of Brathey" used in the Report of 1820 is incorrect, as there was never a township of that name. Before the constitution in 1836 of the ecclesiastical district of Brathey (or Brathay) the name appears to have been restricted to the private residence known as Brathay Hall. The portion of Brathay ecclesiastical parish which is within the ancient parish of Hawkshead is identical with the former division and present township of Skelwith.

tion of Parish.

VI.

Assistant

Commis

VI. The Inquiry was held in the Town Hall in Hawkshead. Among those who were present were the Rev. E. W. Oak, vicar of Hawkshead; the Rev. R. M. Samson, Report of head master of the Grammar School; the Rev. C. L. Hulbert, vicar of Brathay; the Rev. W. P. Dawe, vicar of Satterthwaite; the Rev. H. T. Baines; Major W. Alcock- sioner. Beck, Chairman of the Governors of the Grammar School; Mr. Stephen A. Marshall, Chairman of the Skelwith Parish Council: Mr. Nathan Garnett, clerk to the Hawkshead Parish Council; Mr. W. Hopes Heelis, solicitor; Dr. W. Allen; Mr. H. S. Cowper; Mr. J. Tyson; Mr. J. E. Leake, assistant overseer of Claife; and Messrs. Isaac Postlethwaite, Redhead and James Beck.

The Hawkshead Grammar School (see page 1).

The Free Grammar School, with the endowments of Daniel Rawlinson and the Revs. Hawkshead Thomas Sandys and William Wilson for the School Library, and the Charities of the Grammar Rev. Thomas Sandys, George Satterthwaite, and William Dennison, all referred to in School. the Report of 1820, is now (under the above name) regulated by a Scheme under the Endowed Schools Acts, approved by Her Majesty on the 9th May 1891, as altered by a Scheme under the Charitable Trusts Acts dated the 13th July 1897. By a further Scheme under the Endowed Schools Acts, approved by Her Majesty on the same day as the Scheme under those Acts for the Grammar School, a separate Elementary School Foundation was established, of which an account is given below.

A sufficient account of the foundation and early history of the Grammar School is given in the Report of 1820. In January 1829 Dr. Daniel B. Hickie was appointed schoolmaster, and by a resolution of the Governors dated 12th May of the same year the ancient Shrovetide payment known as a cockpenny, which is referred to in the Report of 1820, was abolished, and the master was empowered to make a charge for English tuition, not exceeding a guinea a quarter, for boys whose parents did not reside in the parish. These payments were thereafter levied by Dr. Hickie in accordance with the resolution.

On the 5th March 1832 an information was filed in Chancery by the then AttorneyGeneral, at the relation of Dr. Hickie, against Ann Ladyman, mentioned in the Report of 1820, and others, the main object of which was to set aside the lease, or alleged lease, of the 6th January 1720, mentioned in the same Report, and to obtain possession of the Sun Inn, and also to obtain possession of the burgage tenements in Kirkby Kendal, out of which the ground rents, or fee-farm rents, referred to in the Report of 1820, were then received. As to the latter property, the suit was afterwards abandoned, but it was successful in respect of the Sun Inn property; and by a decretal Order of

Hawkshead. the Master of the Rolls dated 12th May 1835, it was declared that the indenture of lease dated 6th January 1720 was void, and it was ordered that it should be given up Grammar and cancelled, and that Ann Ladyman should be chargeable with the yearly rent of

Hawkshead

Schoolcontinued.

301., and should pay to the relator the sum of 907., being the arrears of such rent which had accrued since the filing of the information, and that she should deliver possession of the premises on the 29th September then next; and it was referred to the Master to take the usual accounts, and to approve of a Scheme for the application of the improved income for the benefit of the school. By a further decretal Order, dated 6th July 1838, the Scheme approved by the Master was established, and it was (inter alia) ordered that the costs of all parties as between solicitor and client should be borne by the Charity estates; that a sum of 250l. should be paid to the relator in respect of permanent repairs and improvements of the Charity property executed by him, and that the said sum of 250l. and the taxed costs should be raised and secured by a mortgage of the Charity estates or part thereof.

The costs amounted to 8897. 58. 1d., making, with the said sum of 250l., the aggregate sum of 1,1391. 5s. 1d., and on the 1st November 1839 the trustees of the Charities of the Rev. Thomas Sandys and others advanced to the governors (out of the proceeds of a sale of the stock belonging to those Charities) the sum of 1,139. 5s. 1d., which was applied by them in payment of the above-mentioned sums of 250l. and 8891. 5s. 1d. An indenture of mortgage was prepared in 1842, but was not executed. The governors, however, paid interest on the loan at the rate of 4 per cent., and subsequently repaid 2397. 58. 1d. on account of the principal money, leaving a balance of 9007. owing, and by deed dated 10th November 1856 the governors conveyed all the freehold hereditaments vested in them by the Letters Patent to the trustees of the Charities of Thomas Sandys and others by way of mortgage to secure the sum of 9007., with interest at 4 per cent. From a memorandum on this deed it appears that on the 29th April 1861 the governors repaid a further sum of 2007. of the capital money, leaving a balance of 7007. remaining. The rents of the Trumfleet and Knipefold properties, with the exception of 201. paid to the master, were set apart by the governors for the purpose of paying the interest on the debt and forming a sinking fund with the object of paying off the principal.

The Scheme established by the Court amounted to little more than a re-enactment of the original Statutes, and it is only material here to notice the provision which directed the governors to pay to the master, as his stipend, two-thirds of the rents and profits of the estates (including therein the yearly value of the master's residence, if it should be occupied by him), and to the usher the annual sum of 501.

During the latter part of the term of office of Dr. Hickie, who resigned at Midsummer 1862, the number of scholars had become very small, owing in part to the very limited demand in the district for classical instruction, and in 1855, the Grammar School being of little or no use to the poorer classes of Hawkshead and the neighbourhood, a National School, supported by voluntary contributions, was established, and was carried on in the Town Hall. On the 3rd May 1862 it was resolved by the governors that upon the appointment of the Rev. H. T. Baines to succeed Dr. Hickie as master, it should be understood that he should receive all the rents and profits of the estates, keeping down the interest on the debt, and (after the first three years) contributing 207. annually towards paying off the principal, and that he should keep a second master or usher, according to the Statutes, but should be at liberty to allow him to act as teacher of the National School. It was also resolved that an endeavour should be made to obtain the consent of the Charity Commissioners to an amalgamation of the two schools. These terms were assented to by Mr. Baines, who was soon afterwards appointed master of the Grammar School.

In July 1862 the governors made a formal application to the Charity Commissioners for an Order establishing a Scheme to the following effect:-That the Grammar School should be open to all boys in the parish of Hawkshead above the age of eight on payment of 17. a quarter, the subjects to be taught being reading, writing, arithmetic, grammar, history, geography, Latin and Greck Classics, Euclid, algebra, and trigonometry, and that a school for boys and girls in connection with the foundation should be added, under the control of the headmaster, and taught by the second master, a charge of 2s. 6d. a quarter being made for each child. On the 2nd December of the same year the Commissioners instructed Mr. Walker Skirrow, one of the Inspectors of Charities, to hold an inquiry into all the charitable endowments in the parish of Hawkshead, and an inquiry was

accordingly held by him on the 11th of the samne month. Mr. Skirrow's report on the Hawkshead. charities of the parish, to which reference will be made from time to time in this Report, Hawkshead was submitted to the Commissioners on the 17th February 1863. Mr. Skirrow reported Grainmar that Mr. Baines had, immediately after his appointment, repaired the master's residence, School and added thereto, at his own expense, rooms for the accommodation of 12 boarders, and continued. that at the time of the inquiry there were eight boarders in residence. There were only 10 scholars altogether in the Grammar School, two being day boys from the town of Hawkshead. In the National School there were 55 boys and girls in attendance, whose ages varied from six to fifteen. This school was taught by an usher appointed by Mr. Baines, who also assisted the latter in the Grammar School. The fees paid in the National School were 2s. 6d. a quarter, of which Mr. Baines received 2s. and the usher 6d. It was still being carried on in the Town Hall, but a new building was about to be erected, by voluntary subscription, on a site belonging to the Grammar School.

After consideration of Mr. Skirrow's report, the Charity Commissioners proceeded with the preparation of a draft scheme, which was submitted to the governors and master of the school, and after being modified in several particulars at their suggestion, was finally established by an Order dated 7th August 1863.

The Scheme was made in the matter of the Grammar School, the Library and Prize Gifts of the Rev. Thomas Sandys and the Rev. William Wilson, and the Educational Charities of the Rev. Thomas Sandys, George Satterthwaite, and William Dennison, and it was provided by the first clause that the charities should be managed and administered together by the Governors for the time being of the Grammar School, subject to and in accordance with the provisions of the Scheme, under the name of the Hawkshead Endowed School. The Governors were to remain a coöptative body, but appointments to supply vacancies were to be subject to approval by the Charity Commissioners. By the 10th clause of the Scheme it was directed that the school should be separated into two divisions, consisting of the Grammar or Upper School, and the English or Lower School, the former to be carried on in the existing school building, and the latter in the building then in course of erection (for the National School) by means of voluntary contributions. The income of the Charities was to be applied in the maintenance of the Hawkshead Endowed Grammar and English School as constituted by the Scheme. The headmaster was to be a graduate of some English University and a member of the Church of England. The under, or English master, to be appointed by the headmaster, was to be the holder of a certificate under the Committee of Council, and was also to be a member of the Church of England. The headmaster was to receive a fixed salary of 150l. a year, and two-thirds of the fees paid in the Grammar School, and the under master a fixed salary of 607., and one half of the fees paid in the English School. The Grammar School was to be open primarily to the sons of residents in Hawkshead parish, and secondarily to the sons of residents in any of the neighbouring parishes, between the ages of eight and sixteen, and the English School to all children of residents in the parish of Hawkshead from the age of five years upwards. The instruction to be given at the Grammar School was to include (in addition to the ordinary subjects) Greek, Latin, and Mathematics, and, if desired, French and German. Religious instruction was to be given according to the doctrines of the Church of England, but subject to a conscience clause. The tuition fees were to be in the Grammar School 17. a quarter for boys under the age of 14, and 25s. a quarter for boys over that age, and in the English School a sum not exceeding 5s. a quarter. The Governors were empowered to appoint Foundation scholars, not exceeding in number eight at the English and six at the Grammar School. These scholars were to receive tuition, books, and stationery gratuitously, and at the English School were also to be provided with a suit of clothing annually. Power was also given, if funds should permit, to elect exhibitioners, not exceeding three in number, from the most deserving boys leaving the school. The headmaster and under master were to be allowed to take boarders in their respective residences. The surplus income was directed to be applied towards the repayment of the debt above referred to, but it was provided that interest should not in the meantime be paid upon the principal sum.

In the year 1865 the school was visited by Mr. Bryce, as an Assistant Commissioner to the Schools Inquiry Commissioners. Mr. Bryce, whose report upon the school is published in the 17th volume of the Report of those Commissioners, gave on the whole a very favourable account of the teaching at both of the schools of the Foundation. There were at that time only 21 boys in the Grammar School, of whom 12 were

Hawkshead. boarders, and nine day boys. Six of the boys were able to translate Ovid and Cæsar, and 10 others were learning Elementary Latin. Good results were also obtained in elementary geometry and arithmetic, and Mr. Bryce considered that the acquirements of the boys were distinctly above the average of what one finds in country grammar schools. The following passage from Mr. Bryce's Report is of sufficient present interest to be reprinted here :

Hawkshead
Grammar
School-
continued.

"It is the glory of Hawkshead school to have been the school of Wordsworth. In his time, boys from all the dales for many miles round, up and down through the Lake country, used to flock to it, lodging in the houses of the villagers or with the neighbouring farmers. Now the gentry and professional men send their sons to the boarding schools of the South, the yeoman sends his to the National school of the village, and Hawkshead has only those few day scholars who may happen to live close by, with such boarders as the private connexion of the headmaster can gather. Forty or fifty years ago it was a thriving place, with a market to which the people of the surrounding dales brought their homespun yarns and sold them to the dealer from Kendal; now there is not a creature in the streets, and few cottages along the lanes."

On the 19th of June 1878, Mr. R. Durnford, an Assistant Commissioner under the Endowed Schools Acts, visited Hawkshead and conferred with the governors as to the condition of the school, and the expediency of establishing a Scheme under the Endowed Schools Acts for its future regulation. From Mr. Durnford's report to the Charity Commissioners it appears that at the date of his visit there were 21 boys in the school, of whom 10 were boarders, in the headmaster's house, and 11 were day boys. Some of the latter, who lived at Coniston, or other places beyond easy reach of the school, lodged in Hawkshead during the week with relatives or friends, and returned home only for the Saturday and Sunday. Most of the day boys had previously attended the Lower School. There was no boy in the school over the age of 15 years. of 15 years. The tuition fees charged at that time were 21s. a quarter throughout the school, the extra shilling being intended to cover the cost of stationery, &c. The fee charged to boarders was 501. a year, which included tuition, books, and stationery. There were only three Foundation scholars then maintained in the school under the provisions in that behalf of the Scheme of 1863, and Mr. Durnford was informed that parents were reluctant to apply for these scholarships. All the boys in the Grammar School were instructed in Latin, and all but three in French. Only three boys had gone direct to the university from the school since the date of Mr. Bryce's visit in 1865. The Lower School had been conducted as a public elementary school since the year 1873.

The income from real estate at that time amounted to more than 2657., and the total income from endowment was 3087. 18s. 5d. The full sum of 7007. was still owing by the governors, and no further repayment of the debt appears ever to have been made. Owing to the incorporation of the "Blue Coat Charity" with the Grammar School by the Scheme of 1891 the repayment has ceased to be of any practical importance.

No proceedings were taken under the Endowed Schools Acts in consequence of Mr. Durnford's report, but about ten years later, in consequence of communications from the governors to the Charity Commissioners, he again visited the town, and held a conference with the governors on the 31st May 1888, in order to discuss the provisions of a proposed Scheme under those Acts. At that time the income from endowment had become considerably reduced, the gross income from real estate having fallen to 2037., and the burden of maintaining the two schools was becoming increasingly heavy. There were only 15 boys in the Grammar School, 10 being boarders and five day boys. The average number for the previous six years was 18, the highest having been 21 (in 1885), and the lowest 14 (in 1883). Five boys at the head of the school were learning Greek, though no great progress had been made by them in the language. For the school generally the instruction was regulated by the requirements of the University Local Examinations. Natural science was not taught at all. The tuition fee was still a guinea a quarter for all boys in the Grammar School, and the inclusive boarding fees were 521. 10s. for boys under 14, and 557. 15s. above that age. There were only two Foundation scholars in the school. A gymnasium had been erected in 1885 in the space between the Grammar School and the headmaster's house at a cost of 3007., which was raised by voluntary subscriptions to commemorate the tercentenary of the foundation of the school.

Hawkshead

The Lower School, at which the average attendance in 1887 was 732 for the Hawkshead. Mixed School, aad 34 4 for the Infant School, had been since 1885 partly supported by voluntary subscriptions. The subscriptions had been small in the first two years, Grammar but in 1887 amounted to about 531. The sum paid to the school from the endow- School ment of the Charities in the same year, exclusive of the money spent upon clothing, continued. was 757. The quarterage in the school had been lately raised from 2s. 6d. to 3s. 6d., of which the master received one-third, in addition to a fixed salary of 60l., and such share of the annual grant as the governors might assign to him.

It was made clear at Mr. Durnford's inquiry that in the general opinion of the governors it was essentia! that the trust should be relieved at the earliest moment of the burden of maintaining the elementary school, and the Charity Commissioners having intimated their willingness to assist them in attaining their object by the establishment of a Scheme under the Endowed Schools Acts, the preparation of a Scheme for that purpose was begun immediately after the presentation of Mr. Durnford's report. The draft Scheme was sent on the 5th August 1889 for confidential perusal to the governors, the Bishop of Carlisle, and the headinaster of the school, and after being altered in several particulars in consequence of suggestions received, was published on the 13th March 1890. No further objections or suggestions were received during the period of publication, and the Scheme was submitted to the Education Department in November 1890, and was approved by the Lord President on the 20th February 1891, and by Her Majesty in Council on the 9th May of the same year.

Provisions of existing Scheme.-By the first clause of this Scheme so much of the endowment of the Hawkshead Endowed School as consisted of the land and buildings then used for the purposes of the English or Lower School of the Foundation and was set out in Part I. of the schedule to the Scheme was severed from the remainder of the endowment and made a separate foundation under the name of the Hawkshead Public Elementary School Foundation, to be dealt with by a further Scheme under the Endowed Schools Acts; and by the second clause it was directed that subject as aforesaid, the Hawkshead Endowed School and its endowment (set out in Part II. of the schedule) should thenceforth be administered under the Scheme, under the name of the Hawkshead Grammar School.

The governing body as constituted by the Scheme was to consist of ten competent and duly qualified persons, of whom six were to be representative, and four coöptative governors, the former being appointed as follows:-One by the Lord Bishop of Carlisle ; two by the justices of the peace for the Hawkshead Petty Sessional Division, until a district council should be established for any district including Hawkshead, and thereafter by such district council; and three each by the ratepayers of the townships of Hawkshead and Monk Coniston with Skelwith, Claife, and Satterthwaite. By clause 1 of the amending Scheme of the 13th July 1897, however (which was established at the request of the governors in consequence of the difficulty experienced, after the constitution of the new townships under the Local Government Act, 1894, in carrying out the provisions of the Scheme of 1891 in respect of election of representative governors), the total number of governors is raised to eleven, and the number of representative governors to seven, of whom one is to be appointed, as before, by the Bishop of Carlisle, and two by the justices of the peace or district council, and the remainder as follows:

One by a joint committee of the two parish councils of Coniston and Skelwith, comprising one nominee of each of the said councils;

One by the parish council of Hawkshead;

One by the parish council of Claife: and

One by the parish council of Satterthwaite.

The representative governors are to be appointed each for a term of five years, and the coöptative governors (who are to be appointed by the general body of governors) each for a term of eight years. The governors holding office at the date of the establishment of the Scheme, although seven in number instead of four, were nominated by the Scheme as the first coöptative governors.

After the usual management clauses, including a clause directing the governors to render accounts to the Charity Commissioners, and to exhibit for public inspection in some convenient place in Hawkshead copies of all accounts so rendered, and after vesting in the Official Trustee of Charity Lands all the real estate, freehold and leasehold, belonging to the Foundation, and making provision for the continuance of the existing headmaster in office, and for preserving the vested interests of scholars already