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"The favour was not limited to the consorts and relicts of the Knights of the Order, but extended to others of their families; and where such connection does not appear, there is room for the conjecture that the distinction was an especial homage to eminent personal or mental endowments, spontaneously paid by the Sovereign himself, or at the suggestion of a Knight who by some martial act had acquired a claim to the nomination.”—(Ib. pp. 246-7.) Had such ladies the right to encircle their shields with the Garter? One of the ladies, the Countess of Warwick, was named in the 10 Henry VI. 1432. Her figure on her tomb in Ewelme church is represented with the Garter around the left arm. (Ib. cexxiii.) EDMUND WATERTON. Athenæum Club.

OMAR CHEYAM, ABOULHASSAN KUSCHIAR, AND JAMAL'U-DIN.-The first of these three is said to have been one of the eight astronomers Jelal'udin Malek Shah employed to regulate the Persian State Calendar about A.D. 1075; the second is - mentioned in Herschel's Outlines of Astronomy (3rd ed. p. 635); and the third is said to have regulated the Chinese Calendar in the thirteenth century. Fuller information respecting them and their works, with references to authorities, would greatly oblige

Bombay.

J. B.

HERBERT PALMER'S BURIAL.-Your notice of Mr. Grosart's book (3rd S. vi. 525) puts into my mind to ask you whether some of your Westminster correspondents (of whom you seem to have many and good ones), cannot tell us in your pages where Herbert Palmer was buried? He died, it appears, on 13th August, 1647, and was buried at the New Church, Westminster," says one authority, "New Chapel, Westminster," says another. Was this the New Chapel, Broadway, Westminster, built, according to Peter Cunningham-(how glad I am to see him again appearing as a correspondent to "N. & Q.")-as a chapelof-ease to St. Margaret's, about the beginning of the reign of Charles I. and replaced in 1843 by a new church called Christ Church? Burials in this chapel-yard seem to have been entered in the register of burials at St. Margaret's. Is there any entry there relating to Herbert Palmer?

JOHN BRUCE.

QUOTATION.-Where are the words to be found, "perfervidum ingenium Scotorum," or, as the Saturday Review says, "prefervidum" ? They are generally ascribed to George Buchanan, and he is said to have quoted from an older author. Scotus.

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TOMBSTONE INSCRIPTIONS, ST. JOHN'S, HORSLYDOWN.-I should feel much obliged if any reader of "N. & Q." can inform me if there are any MS., or printed copies, of the inscriptions which were on the tombstones that were removed from the churchyard of St. John's, Horslydown, Southwark, Surrey, a few years ago, when the vaults under the church were closed? I believe a great many of the headstones were used to pave the W. D. footpaths of the churchyard. Where can I find a

HYMN TO THE VIRGIN. hymn, one verse of which runs thus ?"Our Lady sings Magnificat, In tones surpassing sweet; And all the choirs of virgins Sitting around her feet."

Is. STEVENSON.

THE UNIVERSAL ACCOMMODATION OFFICE, ESTABLISHED IN 1778.—Is anything known of the origin, career, or fate of "The Universal Accommodation Office, No. 100, Long Acre," which, it was announced, "will be elegantly finished and opened for business on Monday, the 13th of April, 1778"? It was intended for two objects: 1. The letting of shops, houses, chambers, lodgings, &c., in London, and all the villages within ten miles. And 2. The registration and hiring of servants; which, it was proposed, might be much better managed at one such office than at the many register offices, "or rather hovels," which were then in existence, and whose shameful frauds, and other malpractices, were reprobated with the utmost severity. The Prospectus of this scheme, a sheet of four closely-printed foolscap pages, is now before me; and I shall contribute it to the interesting collection of Broadsides, and other papers of the kind, preserved in the Library of the Society of Antiquaries.

J. G. N.

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WASHINGTON ARMS. In the work of Sir Bernard Burke, which contains the coat armour of all the English families, that of Washington of Lancashire and four other counties, is given as, Argent, two bars gules in chief, three mullets of the second. As its chief is usually of a "different tincture in arms generally, could any of your readers inform me if such is ever the case with those of Washington? The stars and stripes are not such legitimate descendants of the first bearing as they would be, provided its chief was different in tincture.

H. P.

Queries with Answers.

CIVITAS LUCRONII. · What city is termed in Latin Lucronium? In the Prolegomena to Dressel's Prudentius, in the list of the editions of that author one is mentioned (p. xxviii.), of which the subscription is

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Impressum præsens opus in civitate Lucronii per Arnaldum Guillermum de Brocario, et finitum die secunda mensis Septembris anno a nativitate Christi millesimo quingentesimo duodecimo."

As this printer was the same who executed the Complutensian Polyglott, I want to ascertain where Lucronium is, where he exercised his art before he took the charge of the printing office of Cardinal Ximenes at Alcalà. From the date of his edition of Prudentius, it is clear that he could not have removed to Alcalà for more than about five months before the accession of Leo X. to the Popedom. The importance of this is, that it has been thought that the writers of the Polyglott have not spoken accurately when they express their thanks to that Pope for his aid in having sent Greek MSS. for the New Testament. The volume containing the New Testament was completed January 10, 1514, and it has been asserted that it must have been begun long before the accession of Leo; but it is clear that the printer had not taken up his abode at Alcalà a year and four months before that volume was completed: so that at all events it was quickly printed; and why not in less than a year? The locality of Lucronium may throw some light on this, and it may lead to a further knowledge when the printer settled at Alcalà. S. P. TREGELLES. Plymouth.

P.S. Since sending my query as to the modern name of this place, I felt persuaded that it must be Logroño; and, on examining Sprüner's Historical Atlas, I find this to be the case. This elucidates one point in the life of Brocario the printer; and it is so far a contribution to the history of the Complutensian Polyglott, that we can say that it could not have been commenced at press before September, 1512; and as much later as was needful for Brocario to change his abode, and remove his whole establishment to Alcalà.

MARRIAGE RINGS.-I am anxious to know how, when, where, and why the custom originated of employing a plain gold ring in matrimony; and whether a priest or Sir James Wilde could interfere with the fantastic taste of anybody who chose to prefer a wedding-ring of any other fashion. The Rubric of the Church Service only orders that "The man shall give unto the woman a ring."

On this same subject of rings, there are, I believe, several legends connected with good King

Solomon. Will some one of your readers tell me
where I can find these?
R. C. L.
The Temple.

Josephus (Antiq. lib. viii. ch. 2), which, however, has [The legend of King Solomon's ring will be found in

been considered an interpolation. It is there stated that Josephus had witnessed the healing of many demoniacs by one Eleazar, a Jew, in the presence of the Emperor Vespasian, by the application of a medicated ring to the nostrils of the parties; and that on this Jew's reciting several verses connected with the name of Solomon, the devils were extracted through the noses of the parties.

It is not improbable that this story, for which Josephus is made responsible, is nothing more than an allusion to the celebrated Magic Ring of Solomon, said to have been found in the belly of a fish, and concerning which a great many idle fictions have been created by the Arabian writers. The Arabians have a book called Scalcuthal, expressly on the subject of Magic Rings; and they trace the father of Enoch to Solomon. More concerning it this ring of Solomon, in a regular succession, from Jared may be seen in Licetus, cap. xxii., and in D'Herbelot, Biblioth. Orient. pp. 478, 819, folio edition. (Archæologia, xxi. 123.)

With respect to the style and material of the marriage

ring, the pattern of those used among the Romans ap

pears to have been one which has gone out of use, namely, right hands joined, such as is often observed on ancient coins. According to Swinburne, that oracle of canon

law," the ring at first was not of gold, but of iron [i. e. among the Romans], adorned with an adamant; the metal hard and durable, signifying the durance and perpetuity of the contract. Howbeit (he adds) it skilleth not at this day, what metal the ring be of; the form of it being round, and without end, doth import that their love should circulate and flow continually." (Matr. Contr. sect. xv.) As substitutes for the usual wedding ring, it is said that curtain rings, and even the church key, and one made of glove leather, have been used in the celebration of marriage. ("N. & Q." 2nd S. x. 290.) The plain gold ring at present used as a visible pledge, appears to have descended to us, in the mere course of traditionary practice, from the time of the Saxons, without any impulse from written authority or rubrick.]

HOSPITALS FOR THE SICK.-When was the first hospital of this kind founded? So far as I am aware, there is no trace of any such institution in the classical writers. I shall feel thankful for reference to any works bearing on the subject.

CPL.

[We have never met with any work containing a connected historical account of these beneficent establishments. Bearing some resemblance to our present hospitals was the bath of Asclepius, a temple of the gods called Epidotæ, erected by Antoninus Pius at Epidaurus-a temple dedicated to Hygieia, Asclepius, and Apollo surnamed the Egyptian, and a building beyond the sacred enclosure for the reception of the dying, and of women in labour (Paus.

27.) Epidaurus is also described by Strabo (viii. p. 374) as a place renowned for the cure of all diseases, always full of invalids, and containing votive tablets deseriptive of the cures, as at Cos and Tricca. (Smith's Dict. of Geography, i. 841.)

Hospitals for the poor and sick, however, are pre-eminently characteristic of Christianity. In the first ages of the Church, the Bishop had immediate charge of all the poor, both sound and diseased. When the churches came to have fixed revenues allotted them, it was decreed, that at least one-fourth part thereof should go to the relief of the poor; and to provide for them the more commodiously, houses of charity were specially erected for the sick. So early as the Council of Nice, A.D. 325, hospitals for the sick are spoken of as commonly known. The first celebrated one was that of Cæsarea, A.D. 370-380, richly endowed by the Emperor Valens. After it followed the hospital of Chrysostom at Constantinople.

We learn from Jerome, that Fabiola, a wealthy Christian widow of a noble Roman family, who died in his time, first erected a public infirmary: "Prima omnium voσoXoustov instituit, in quo ægrotantes colligeret de plateis, et consumpta languoribus atque inedia miserorum membra foveret." (Epist. lxxvii. ed. Migne. Paris, 1845, tom. xxii. 694.) And Gregory the Presbyter, in his Life of Nazianzen, says, that Basil, who lived in the same age with Jerome, built a large hospital for lepers with charity money, which he collected for that purpose. (Secker's Sermon, preached before the Governors of the London Hospital, Feb. 20, 1754.)

In early times no convent was without its tenement for the sick poor; but the first order which we find exclusively founded for hospitals are the Hospitalières, who follow the rule of St. Augustine, and were appointed to the care of the Hôtel Dieu at Paris. For an account of the Religious Orders in the Roman Catholic Church consult the Encyclopédie Théologique, par M. l'Abbave Migne, and the Histoire des Ordres Réligieux par M. Herion.

Connected with this subject is the history of the various Spitals, such as St. Mary's 'Spital, near Bishopsgate; St. Bartholomew's 'Spital, Smithfield; St. Thomas's 'Spital, Southwark, and the New Abbey of Tower Hill, called “Our Lady of Grace." Vide Stow, Newcourt, and the numerous 'Spital Sermons. A list of works on the Hospitals of London is printed in the Catalogue of the Library of the Corporation of London, 1859, pp. 69-72. Mr. Murray, in 1850, published a useful little work on this subject, entitled Hospitals and Sisterhoods, 12mo. Consult also a valuable article in Rees's Cyclopædia, vol. xviii.]

OLD INNS OF SOUTHWARK.-Observing that the Catherine Wheel Inn, High Street, Southwark, Surrey, is to be closed in the course of a few days for the purpose of making alterations, I should feel much obliged if any reader of "N. & Q." can refer me to any historical account which will inform me when it was built; and also of the other old inns of Southwark-namely, the Talbot,

King's Head, Queen's Head, George Inn, Horse
Shoe, &c.

I am also very anxious to know if there is any
water-colour drawing of the Catherine Wheel, and
of the other old inns I have mentioned; if not, I
should advise that some one equally interested in
the matter should take a water-colour drawing
before the alterations commenced, it being a very
ancient building. I observe that at the Talbot Inn
there is an old painting over the outside of the door
of the booking-office, which is now very defaced.
I should feel obliged if any reader is able to tell
me what it represents.
D. R. J.

Streatham Hill, Surrey.

[An interesting paper on the Inns of Southwark from the pen of the late Mr. George R. Corner is printed in the Collections of the Surrey Archæological Society, vol. ii. pp. 50-81. Some historical notices are given of the following Inns :-The Tabard, or Talbot; the George (with an illustration); the White Hart (with an illustration); the Bear's Head; the Bear at the Bridge Foot; and the White Lion, afterwards called the Crown and Chequers, The Three Brushes, or Holy Water Sprinklers. A continuation of Mr. Corner's paper will shortly appear in the Proceedings of the London and Middlesex and Surrey Archæological Societies. Among some water-colour drawings by Mr. J. C. Buckler, to illustrate Pennant's London, in the Library of the Corporation of London, are the following Southwark Inns :-The Ship, taken down in 1831; The George; The Spur, on the east side of High Street; The Tabard, now the Talbot; The White Hart; The King's Head; The Queen's Head; The Boar's Head Place, formerly an inn on the east side of High Street, pulled down in 1830; The Dog and Bear Inn, and old Croydon House, on the west side of High Street; The Catherine Wheel Inn; and the Green Man Inn, Old Kent Road.]

HAGBUSH LANE.-Where is, or was, this lane? I fancy somewhere in the northern suburbs of London. About forty years ago, I more than once saw in the Royal Academy Exhibition views of "the Cottage in Hagbush Lane"; a picturesque old "bit," evidently dear to the artists of those days. Has it been swallowed up among the new streets of "enlarged, and still increasing, London?"

J.

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Hagbush Lane extended from the northern end of the present Liverpool Road, Islington, in a winding direction westerly to the fields by Copenhagen House, from whence it proceeded northerly in a zig-zag course to Crouch End and Hornsey. The upper part of this Lane, now divided by the Camden Town Road, pursued a winding course northerly to the road leading from Kentish Town to Upper Holloway. It then made another zig-zag or elbow, and was continued by a passage into the great North Road at Upper Holloway by the sign of the Mother Red Cap-a public-house celebrated by Drunken Barnaby in his amusing Itinerary

"Thence to Hollowell, Mother Red Cap,
In a troup of trulls I did hap;
Whores of Babylon me impalled,
And me their Adonis called;

With me toy'd they, buss'd me, cull'd me,
But being needy, out they pull'd me."

The late Mr. George Daniel, of Canonbury, had in his

possession a token, on the right side of which is engraved "Mother Red Cap" holding a Black Jack, with the initials of the proprietor "J. B. his Half Peny;" and on the reverse, "John Backster, at the Mother Read Capp in holloway, 1667." It was sold among his Miscellaneous Objects of Art (lot 2223), where it is said to be unique ; but we know of at least four others in the collections of numismatic antiquaries.

Hone, in his Every-Day Book, i. 870-879, has given a graphic description of Hagbush Lane, with an engraving of a cottage formerly in it. A plan of the lane is faithfully delineated, from a survey made by Mr. Dent in 1820, in Tomline's Perambulation of Islington, royal 8vo, 1858, p. 26.]

LEYCESTER'S PROGRESS IN HOLLAND.-I once read in a monthly periodical or some other magazine, an account of Leycester's Progress and Reception in Holland, written by a contemporary of the earl. I cannot remember in what periodical it was. It must have been before 1854, since that was the date when I read it. Poole does not give any reference to it. Could possibly any of your numerous correspondents kindly oblige me with this information ?

Q.

[There is "A Journal of my Lord of Leicester's Proceeding in the Low Countries, by Mr. Stephen Burrogh, Admiral of the Fleet," printed in the Correspondence of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leycester, during his Government of the Low Countries, edited by John Bruce, Esq., for the Camden Society, 4to, 1844. Is it possible that our correspondent has met with a review of this work in some periodical ? Mr. Motley, in his History of the United Netherlands, 2 vols. 8vo, 1860, has given numerous quotations from it; but has not even alluded to any subsequent article on Leycester's Progress in Holland.]

Replies.

GREEK DRAMA: EZECHIEL'S "EXAGOGE." (3rd S. vi. 388, 447.)

A correspondent inquired if certain fragments of a Greek drama, by a Jewish poet, named Ezechiel, which are preserved by St. Clement of Alexandria and Eusebius, are rendered into English in any of the translations of their writings. Another correspondent answered, that there has been no English translation. There was, however, a work published about twenty years ago, called Leaves from Eusebius, being an English translation of select portions of his Præparatio Evangelica, in which was given a stiff and obscure version of a very small part of the extracts from Ezechiel. I have therefore made a complete translation of the whole of these fragments, expressly for the pages of "N. & Q.," and to gratify the correspondent who wished to see such a translation. It may be well to premise, that the introductory and intermediate sentences in prose are in the words of the respective writers, St. Clement and Eusebius. I have translated from the Greek of the Wurtzburg edition of St. Clement of Alexandria, 1778, and from the Paris edition of Eusebius, 1628.

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"On the education of Moses, Ezechiel will agree with us, who was a writer of tragedies; who in the drama, which is entitled the Exagoge, thus writes in the person of Moses:

"When Jacob had deserted Chanaan's land,

With seventy souls around him, chosen band,
To Pharao's realm he came, and numerous were
His progeny in after years begotten there.
Long did they bear a wicked nation's yoke,
And groan beneath increased oppression's stroke.
Pharao the King beheld our race increase,
And by deceitful arts destroyed their peace.
No respite to their cruel toils he gave,
Forced them to furnish bricks, to work and slave
Building high towers, and cities stretching wide,
With fruitless toil, through tyranny and pride:
And to the Hebrews gave the dire command
To drown each infant male throughout their land.
Then, as my honoured mother would relate,
Three months she hid me from that cruel fate;
Then bore me to the river rolling wide,
And laid me wrapt where sedges fringe its side;
While my sweet sister Mary, stationed there,
Watched me with all a sister's anxious care.
Not long did I all helpless thus remain ;
For Pharao's daughter, with her numerous train
Of beauteous handmaids came beside the wave,
In the refreshing stream at morn to lave.
There she observed the unconscious floating child,
Saved me from threatening death, and on me smiled.
Knew 'twas a Hebrew babe; while Mary ran
With joy and eagerness, and thus began
The princess to accost: Dost thou desire
That I should find the nurse thou wilt require,
A Hebrew woman, fit for such employ?'
She gave assent; and Mary flew with joy,
To bid her mother quiet her alarms,

And come-she came, and pressed me in her arms.

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Then spoke the princess: Nurse this child for me,
Well for thy care shalt thou rewarded be.'
She named me Moses, having deigned to save
Me from the danger of a watery grave.

"When infancy had passed, the princely dome
Thenceforth became my rich and happy home;
Thither my mother led me; but before,
Oft had she carefully repeated o'er
All that concerned my origin and race,

My nation, and God's wondrous gifts and grace.
There, till my years of boyhood all were spent,
I lived in ease and luxury content,
As if I'd been of royal birth, supplied
With rich profusion, and no wish denied.
But when I reached the fulness of my days,
My splendid home I left for arduous ways.*
"I saw my race afflicted, and assailed,
Where the King's wanton tyranny prevailed;
And shortly I beheld in savage feud,
A brother Hebrew beaten and subdued
By an Egyptian: and as none was near,
No witness of my deed had I to fear;
So to avenge my countryman, I slew
The fell Egyptian, and concealed from view
His body buried in the sand; that so
None might betray me, or the murder know.
The next day I beheld two more engage
Egyptians both, in fight with mutual rage:
To one I said: "Why, coward, dost thou strike
One to thy strength unequal and unlike?'
But he replied: And who appointed thee,
Our judge and master here supreme to be?
Wilt thou kill me, as thou didst yesterday
My countryman, the poor Egyptian, slay?'
Hearing these words I feared, and full of dread,

Who can have made this known?' I trembling said.
Will not this deed soon reach King Pharao's ear?'
It quickly did: his threats pursued me near,
He sought to kill me; but I quickly fled;
And since in foreign lands my life I've led."

"Then he speaks thus of the daughters of Raguel:

⚫ Before me seven fair virgins I behold.' He enquires whose daughters these virgins are, and Sephora answers: —

Stranger! the land thou seest from afar, Is Libya called, there Ethiopians are, Thousands of dark skinned people; o'er whose lands And in whose wars one Emperor commands. But here o'er all things human and divine The priest holds rule, who is their sire and mine.'

"Then after mentioning the watering of the flocks, he inserts the nuptials of Sephora, and introduces Chumus thus addressing Sephora : — "As it behoves thee, Sephora, make known

To this our guest thou'rt given, and made his own.” Thus far Eusebius quotes from the drama of Ezechiel. In his next chapter, he gives passages from the same as quoted by Demetrius, who relates the early history of Moses, as it is found in the Bible. Then he observes that the poet Ezechiel recounts the same in his Eragoge, adding

• Thus far is taken from St. Clement of Alexandria: the rest is from Eusebius.

also the dream of Moses, interpreted by his fatherin-law. Thus he introduces Moses discoursing alternately with his father-in-law: —

"A large and splendid throne do I descry,
Raised on the radiant summit of the sky:
Seated thereon of noblest form is scen
A monarch crowned, and of majestic mien.
His left a rich and ponderous sceptre wields,
His right to me a gracious summons yields.
I fly in haste, and quickly reach the throne:
At once he yields it; it becomes my own.
He hands the sceptre, and enthrones me there,
And binds his glittering diadem round my hair.
Then as I view the world's immense extent,
The earth below, the heavenly firmament,
From all the sky departing, and through all,
A multitude of stars before me fall.
All these I number separate on their way,
Moving like warlike legions in array.
Fear seizes me, and trembling at the sight,
With sudden start I chase the dream of night."

"Which dream the father-in-law thus interprets:

"Stranger! what joyful things has God foretold
To thee. And shall I see them,-I so old?
Take courage, son, thou shalt erect a throne,
And thou shalt rule whole nations as thine own.
For all thou then didst see,-all earth contained,
And all that heaven's vast firmament sustained,
All that exists at present thou shalt see,

All that has been, and all that is to be.'

"Then of the burning bush, and how he was sent to Pharao, he again represents Moses conversing with God. Moses says:

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This burning bush, this sign, what can it mean?
What monster this, which none will think I've seen?
The bush was suddenly suffused with flame,
Yet though on fire, all green it stands the same.
Why is this so? I'll go, and view it near,
This wonder none will credit when they hear."
"Then God answers him.

"Moses! no nearer dare to come, but stay,
Put off thy shoes, ere thou may'st tread this way;
The place beneath thy feet is holy ground.'
Then from the bush came words of solemn sound:
Take courage, son, hear in this awful place
My words: no eye of man could bear my face;
But thou art privileged to hear my voice,
Thou, favoured man, the object of my choice.
I am the God thy honoured sires adored,
Of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob,-God and Lord:
And mindful of my ancient mercies, now
I come, myself the parent to avow,
And the avenger of the Hebrew race,
Whose wrongs cry out for vengeance to my face.
Then go thou, Moses, in my awful name,
Tell Pharao, and the Hebrew race the same,
All it shall please me to make known to thee,
To aid thee to lead forth my people free.""
"Then after some further alternate converse,
Moses speaks: —

"But I am slow of speech, how shall I bring,

My tongue thus boldly to address the King?" "But God answers:

"Send then thy brother Aaron; let him know

My words, as thou hast heard them: he shall go

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