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WHETSTONE'S "CENSURE OF A LOYALL SUBJECT.” -Of this tract there were two issues in 1587; one, I think, at the close of January, the other probably about the middle of February. The later impression contains a short account of the execution of Mary Stuart, which occurred Feb. 8, 1586-7, and will be found reprinted in MR. COLLIER'S Illustrations of Early English Popular Literature. Of the January issue, a copy with uncut leaves, as published, is now before me. On the top of the title-page is this memorandum by the original purchaser:"27° Jan 7, 1586, preto 4d," and lower down, above the imprint is written in the same hand," Rob: ," with the motto or

legend "1 vite 5 mors 8 via 6."

W. CAREW HAZLITT.

GIBBON'S AUTOBIOGRAPHY: HERALDIC TERM MISUSED. -In the last number of the Edinburgh Review (April, 1865, p. 336), in an article headed "Heraldic Manuals," the following passage oc

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"As we come down to later times, commemorative augmentations were freely granted, and symbolisms, often of a ludicrous kind, used in granting and differencing coats. An amusing example is mentioned in Gibbon's autobiography:-My family arms,' says the historian, are the same which are borne by the Gibbons of Kent, a lion rampant gardant between three scallop shells argent, on a field azure About the reign of James I. the three harmless scallop shells were changed by Edward Gibbon, Esq., into three ogresses, or female cannibals, with a design of stigmatising three ladies, his kinswomen, who had provoked him by an unjust lawsuit. But this singular mode of revenge, for which he obtained the sanction of Sir William Segar, King-at-Arms, soon expired with its author; and on his own monument, in the Temple Church, the monsters vanished, and the three scallop shells resumed their proper and hereditary place.'

The reviewer, strange to say, makes no remark on this passage from Gibbon; but surely the historian, not versed in heraldry, had been misled by the word "ogress," and, assuming it to mean "female cannibal," had accepted a story about unjust kinswomen, which had doubtless been invented as an explanation of the supposed change of armorial bearings. Persons familiar with heraldry are aware that an ogress is synonymous with a pellet, and is represented by a black disk. In tricking a coat of arms, a change from an ogress of this kind to a scallop shell, or vice versa, might readily take place. J. DIXON.

not buried at St. Andrew's, and happily for sake of the monument; inasmuch, as the building and its contents were destroyed by fire on Sunday morning, January 8, 1860. He was buried in his family vault in the northern aisle of St. Audoen's church, Dublin. It may indeed be said that this is merely a typographical error; but if so, there is another mistake, which certainly cannot be laid to the charge of the printer. The monument in question was removed from St. Audoen's early in the present century by Sir Capel Molyneux, Bart., and for many years past has been safely lodged in St. Patrick's Cathedral, Armagh. A copy of the inscription may be found in Gilbert's History of the City of Dublin, vol. i. p. 283.

Sir Capel Molyneux was the editor of

"Anecdotes of the Life of that celebrated Patriot and

Philosopher Wm. Molyneux, author of The Case of Ireland; published from a Manuscript written by himself, Dublin, 1803.” Авива.

FAMILIES OF DANISH OR BRITISH DESCENT. I see in a work lately published, called The Great Governing Families of England, that it is stated that no one can certainly prove their descent from a Danish or British origin. This is, I believe, altogether a mistake; and I should be much obliged if any of your correspondents would prove to the contrary. I am convinced, with a little trouble, that the family of Scarth could clearly show their descent from that Skarthi, to whom King Sweyn raised a stone in Brietrass, A.D. 990, with the accompanying inscription, which I inclose for the perusal of your archæological readers.

SUIN. KUNUKR. SATI. STIN.
OFTIR. SKARTHA. SIN. HIMTHIKA.
IAS. UAS. FARIN. UESTR.
ION. NU. UARTH. TAUTHR. AT.
HITHABU.

SWAIN, KING, SET [this] STONE

AFTER SKARTHI, SIN

HOME THIGGER [i. e. body guard]

AS WAS FAREN WEST
AN NOW WORTH DEAD AT
HEDEBY.

J. S. D. HOITY-TOITY.-John Selden (Table Talk, ed. Chiswick, 1818, p. 77), describing the customs of the court, says how much the dancing was altered:

"In Queen Elizabeth's time, gravity and state were WILLIAM MOLYNEUX'S MONUMENT. As is kept up. In King James's time, things were pretty well. stated in Wills' useful and interesting biographi- But in King Charles's time, there has been nothing but cal work, entitled Lives of Illustrious and Distin-French-more, and the cushion dance, omnium gatherum, tolly-polly, hoite-come-toite." guished Irishmen, vol. iv. p. 43 (Dublin, 1842,) William Molyneux, who died in Dublin, October 11, 1698, was buried "in St. Andrew's church, where there is a monument and Latin inscription." Mr. Wills is generally very accurate; but here he has made a mistake, which, even at the eleventh hour, I think it well to correct. Molyneux was

Now this latter phrase in modern French is simply haut comme toit, high as the roof. Is not this the origin of our hoity-toity?

Poets' Corner.

A. A.

Queries.

BORWENS.-What is the meaning of, and whence derived, is this term as a local designation? Farms so called occur in Westmoreland, in the West and North Ridings of Yorkshire, and I believe elsewhere. WM. MATTHEW.

“BONNIE DUNDEE."-The fifty-seventh song in the Beggar's Opera, beginning thus

"The charge is prepar'd, the lawyers are met,

The judges all rang'd ( a terrible show !),”— is directed to be sung by Macheath, to the tune of "Bonnie Dundee." Is this the air which is now

popular, and to which are set the words by Walter Scott, originally published, I believe, in one of

the Annuals: •

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GEO. CHRISTIAN BRAUN.-This German author published in 1821, at Mayence, A Proposal for the Union of all related in the Christian Religion. Can any of your readers inform me whether this theologian was a Lutheran or Romanist? He was author of many other works, some of which were published at Halle, Leipsic, &c., &c. R. I.

BULL OF CLEMENT VI. - Has the bull of this Pontiff, relating to the marriage of Sir Thomas Holland with the Princess Joan, ever been printed? There is a copy of it in Rymer's MSS., Sloane MS. 4586, where it is said to be taken from the Register of Islip. HERMENTRUDE.

CANNEL COAL.Can you give me any information as to the derivation of this term? A writer, in a recent number of Newton's London Journal, says that it was so called because it was brought to Manchester by the Duke of Bridgwater's Canal, which was completed about 1766:

"At this time," he says, "the word 'kennel,' or 'kannel,' was generally employed in Lancashire and Cheshire to designate an artificial watercourse; and even Brindley himself, in some of his letters, speaks of the Duke's kennel.'

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In this way the coal, brought by the Duke's Canal, came to be called "canal" or "cannel" coal. There are, however, two objections to this etymology: 1. Camden, who wrote in the sixteenth century, says, in his Britannia (Gough's edition, vol. iii. p. 390), when speaking of Haigh, near Wigan:

"This neighbourhood abounds with that fine species of coal called 'canal,' or 'candle.' It is curious and valuable; and besides yielding a clear flame when burnt, and therefore used by the poor as candles, is wrought into candlesticks," &c.

2. The usual name amongst the lower classes for a canal, in the midland and northern districts, is "cut"-the term "canal" being, as a rule, used only by the better-educated classes. I am unable, however, to say when the term "cut" as synonymous with canal was introduced. It appears in Ash's Dictionary (1775), where it is defined as 'a canal made by art."

Camden's etymology is not very satisfactory, since cannel coal will not give such a "clear flame when burnt" as to permit of being used instead tried to make it burn in this manner, but have not of a candle. At all events, I can say that I have ened by the opinion of a chemist, who has desucceeded. My conclusion is moreover strengthvoted particular attention to this subject. Perhaps some correspondent may be able to help me in this matter. RICHARD H. PROSSER.

25, Southampton Buildings, W.C.

celebrated woman (antè, pp. 269, 310, 408), there CARABOO.To complete the history of this is still required the date of her death, and the place of her sepulture, with the entries in the parish register. INQUIRER.

THE DEVIL'S MUSIC.-Can any of your readers inform me of the origin of the saying, that "Whistling is the devil's music"? It is remarkable that wickedly disposed persons, when up to anything wrong and likely to be caught, begin to whistle a INQUIRER.

tune.

DRAGON IN HERALDRY.-Can any of your correspondents kindly inform me the origin of the heraldic dragon? Is it synonymous, or in any way derived from, the dragon so frequently mentioned in the Psalms? In Psalm lxxiii. 14, the Psalmist says:

"Thou didst crush the heads of the dragons in the waters."

In verse 14 of same psalm :

dra ?). Thou hast given him to be meat to the Ethio"Thou hast broken the heads of the dragon (Hypian people."

Giving one the idea that it signifies the Evil One. Yet, in Psalm cxlviii. 7, we read:

"Praise the Lord from the earth, ye dragons and all ye deeps." BLAZON.

“THE BISHOP OF DUBLIN'S PROPHECY," ETC.— Within the last few days I have met with a copy of a strange little publication, entitled The Bishop of Dublin's Prophecy, Dublin, 1722, 12mo, pp. 8. As stated on the title-page, it was — "written by the Reverend Brandan Birr, a Prophet and Divinity Lecturer in the Academies of Ardmagh and Clonard, in the Year of Man's Salvation, 1089;" and was "found in the Walls of Merion Church [near Dublin] the 13th of February last, 1721-2, as appears by a Certificate Sworn [by Elizabeth Oge and James Orme] before

Alderman Thomas Quin, on Monday the 26th of February, which is annex'd to the Latin Original; of which this is a Translation, word by word."

The original was "to be seen by the curious, at the Sign of the George, in Christ-Church Yard." The letters "I. S." are appended to the address from "the Translator to the Reader." And the following recommendation may be found in P. 7:"Examin'd and approv'd by the Most Reverend Father in God, Lawrence Toole, by Divine Providence second Lord Archbishop of Dublin, in the Year of Christ, 1162."

Any particulars regarding the authorship, &c., of this literary curiosity, which was "printed by Cor. Carter, in Fish-shamble-street,' will be thankfully received.

Авива.

ECCLESIOLOGICAL DESTRUCTION OR DESECRATION. I should be very grateful for detailed and certain information of destruction, removal, or desecration of (1) stone or wood carvings; (2) furniture, or other articles of interest, either from an antiquarian or art point of view; which has taken place during the last fifteen years; with, in the case of "restoration," the name of the architect employed. Information as to the present fate of any of them would also be acceptable.

The cases would possibly be too numerous for your insertion. If so, direct communication with myself would be much valued.

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I find that Dr. Kalisch adopts a date different from that advanced by the generality of biblical scholars. He fixes the Exodus in the year of the world 2269. He also mentions, with regard to the second query that, according to the authority of Josephus, who appears to rely on a statement of Manetho, the Israelites left Egypt during the reign of King Ramses V., Amenophis, who was the last monarch of the XVIII. dynasty. (See Commentary on the Old Test. Exodus. Preface, xx.-xxii., London, 1855.)

I should be glad to be informed if this statement of Dr. Kalisch has met with the approval of any sound German scholar or English writer of eminence. J. DALTON.

Norwich.

GERMAN DRAMA.-Can you inform me whether Gottsched's History of the German Theatre, in two vols., published in or about 1763, contains the titles of all plays by German authors published in Germany from 1450 to 1760? Kayser's Lexicon contains a pretty correct list of dramas

printed in Germany, German Switzerland, German provinces of Russia, &c. from 1750 to 1832. Where can I find a good bibliographic catalogue of German dramas published before 1750? If Gottsched's book contains the desired information, can you tell me what is the cost of the book in English money? R. I.

HORSE: GRACE.-In the Second Series of Prof. Müller's Lectures on Language (I speak from memory), he represents the myth of the sun's chariot being drawn by horses, and of Apollo being attended by the Graces, as derived from the same fact and idea; e. g., the common Sanscrit root gha means, to shine: and thence the rays of the sun come to be pictured as horses, for fleetness and sleekness, or shiningness; from thence comes also the legend of the Graces attending on the sun, they likewise being shining or beautiful. I now ask, do the words horse and grace (xápis) come from the same root? Horse, of course, has a long genealogy; and comes to us directly from the German Ross. But has it an ultimate Sanscrit root, identical with the root of charis?

Will MR. HEWITT KEY, who so obligingly answered the query about "Disciple," think it worth his while to answer this?

And What, moreover, is the root of los? how does Iacchus become Bacchus?—the original form being evidently Iakh. ALPHA BETA.

"JOURNEY THROUGH SWITZERLAND.' -Who was the author of an 8vo, entitled Sketch of a Descriptive Journey through Switzerland, London, 1796? It appears to have been printed for private circulation; and in my copy the following Mr. R. L. Jun., October, 1796." words have been written: "From the Author, ABHBA.

EPIGRAMS BY W. S. LANDOR. -Where will be found Landor's epigrams upon Pitt, Castlereagh, Napoleon III., &c.? They probably first appeared in The Examiner newspaper. X. Y. Z.

WILLIAM PENNOCK. Where is an account to

be found of the two persons who bore this name? and who are mentioned in the following rather surprising quotation from Kent's Banner Display'd (London, 1728), p. 780:

66

.. William Pennock, who invented the Pendulum for Clocks; he lived in the Earl of Arundel's House till it was burnt down by that dreadful Fire in London, in the Year 1666; which afterwards was built into several Houses, and now goes by the Name of Tokenhouse-Yard, in Lothbury. Also... John Pennock of Jamaica, Goldsmith, the Son of the above William, and .. Pennock, who invented the Art of Engraving on Wood for the Use of Printing; this William is the Son of the above John of Jamaica."

William

JOHN WOODWARD.

SUNDRY QUERIES CONCERNING PROVERBS, ETC. Will some one expound the following proverbs culled from Ray's Compleat Collection (1768) ?.

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JOHN RITCHIE, author of "Beaux and Belles, a Dramatic Tale of the Olden Time," 12mo, no date (about 1850), Slater, Oxford. Wanted, any information regarding the author, who is said to

have written various other works.

R. I. SHAKSPEARE'S WORKS, 1800.- I have lately found among some old books an edition of Shakspeare in nine small 16mo vols. It was printed in 1800 at Berwick, by John Taylor. The titlepage of the first volume is lost, but on all the others is a small vignette of Shakspeare, and the names of the plays in the volume. The type is miserable, and the paper of the coarsest kind. There are no notes whatever to the plays; they may, perhaps, have been in the last volume, which unfortunately is missing. Some of the acts are divided into as many as ten or twelve scenes. In the first volume is a life beginning: "It seems to be a kind respect due to the memory of excellent men," &c., in which the poet is styled Mr. Shakspeare.

I am anxious to ascertain who is the editor &c. of this edition, and should be much obliged if any of your correspondents would favour me with the required information. I may just add, as another distinctive mark, that in the opening of Measure for Measure, the Duke is made to

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PROVINCIAL SYNOD OF DUBLIN, 1862.- The late Archbishop of Dublin (Dr. Whately) convened his provincial synod in 1862, the year of his last triennial visitation. Where will I get any record of this synod. I am acquainted with the form of citation, &c. AIKEN IRVINE.

TIP.-Is there any earlier instance of this slang phrase than the following?

"Point out the means of succeeding. if a private tip, tell him where to apply it."-Letter of Lord Chesterfield to Dayrolles, 1749.

CYRIL.

TRAVELLING SCOTCHMEN.-In the north of England a large trade has been done by travelling dealers in tea, coffee, drapery, goods, &c., and this

business is generally conducted by Scotchmen. Lancashire to these house-to-house packmen, irreThe term "travelling Scotchmen" is applied in spective of the place of their nativity. Is the term derived from the nationality of the itinerant tradesmen, or is the packmen's popular style derived from the word "scot," a shot or share of a contribution of the reckoning from the Anglo-Saxon Scoat? And is it merely a singular coincidence, that so many of these scots-men are Scotchmen? Another trace of the same old word is in the phrase "scot and lot voters." PRESTONIENSIS. and brooms so constantly associated in popular WITCHES AND BROOMS.-Why are witches legends ? CARILFORD.

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Thursday.'

I could have told you that,' said his wife, by a
shorter process than your old rhyme. Thanksgiving
Day always comes on Thursday."
ST. SWITHIN.

[In Rees's Cyclopædia, art. " Dominical Letter," is the following explanation of this well-known couplet : week corresponding to any day of the month may be "When the dominical letter is known, the day of the easily found by the following Canon:—

"At Dover Dwells George Brown, Esquire, Good Christopher Finch And David Friar.' "These words correspond to the twelve months of the year, and the first letter of each word marks in the order of the dominical letters the first day of each month, whence any other day may be easily found, e. g. Let it be required to find on what day of the week Christmas day, or the 25th of December, falls in the year 1808, the dominical, or Sunday letter, of which is B. Friar answers to December, and the first day is F, i.e. B. being Sunday, it is Thursday, and therefore Christmas-day is Sunday."]

"AN ESSAY TOWARDS AN HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH TONGUE." PART I. BY JOHN FREE, D.D. 1749.-This is a thin post 8vo pamphlet of 78 pages, with an Introduction of 7 pages. On the back of the fly-leaf at the end is an advertisement stating that "the Second Part of this Essay will be published with all convenient speed." With reference to this pamphlet and its author, I wish to make the following inquiries,

viz., 1. Was the second part promised in the advertisement ever published? If so, in what year? 2. Was the author the same person as the writer of that name mentioned by Watt and Darling, as the vicar of East Coker, Somersetshire? LLALLAWG.

[Dr. Free's Essay on the English Tongue was completed. The Fourth Edition with Additions was published in 1788, 8vo, pp. 148, with a Catalogue of his numerous productions. Dr. Free was presented to the vicarage of East Coker in 1756, and in 1768 was chosen lecturer of Newington in Surrey, and had also the Thursday lecture of St. Mary-at-Hill, founded by Sir J. Leman, Bart. He died at his Chambers in Lyon's Inn on Sept. 9, 1791. For particulars of him, consult the Gentleman's Magazine, lviii. (i.) 381; lxi. (ii.) 966, 1048.]

BOOKS ON MAGIC.-What may be the meaning of the following entry in Watt under the head of "Magic": "1715. Ancient and uncommon Books on Magic see Britton, Thomas, 1815"?

A. CHALLSTETH.

[Watt's reference is to his Index of Subjects, article BRITTON (Thomas), where the very curious Catalogue of the library of the celebrated Small-coal Man is noticed, as containing a collection of every ancient and uncommon book in Divinity, History, Physic, Chemistry, Magic, &c. The date 1815 is clearly a misprint for 1715. Britton died in September, 1714, and his library was sold by Thomas Ballard at Paul's Coffee-house on the 24th of January, 1714-15. It may not be generally known that a portion of Britton's curious collection of books, from some cause or other, had previously been dispersed by John Bullord at Tom's Coffee-house, adjoining to Ludgate, on the 1st of Nov. 1694, of which a Catalogue in 4to is in the British Museum, pp. 40.]

CLOCKS, WATCHES, HOROLOGY, AND HOROLOGISTS.-I shall be glad to have information on any of the above subjects—their history, curiosities, &c. References to works treating thereon or relating thereto will be useful to me.

Myddelton House, Clerkenwell.

EDWARD J. WOOD.

[For information on the above subjects, our correspondent may consult the articles Clock, Chronometer, Horology, and Watch, in Watt's Bibliotheca Britannica, Index of Subjects, and in Lowe's British Catalogue, Alphabet of Subjects, 1837-1857. We would also refer him to the same articles in Rees's Cyclopædia and the various

works there cited. For later improvements in Horology, see the article “Clock and Watch Work" in the eighth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, vii. 2-38, and "N. & Q." 1st S. iv. 240, 356.]

"BIG-NOSED MEN."-It is a common tenet with physiognomists that a large nose indicates force of character. I know some remarkable instances to the contrary; but perhaps the rule, as a rule, may hold good. Whose saying was it that, on

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[It is narrated of Napoleon I. that he was a practical nasologist, and influenced in his choice of men by the size of their noses. "Give me," said he, "a man with a good allowance of nose. Strange as it may appear, when I want any good head-work done, I choose a man-provided his education has been suitable-with a long nose." Notes on Noses, p. 43, 1847, 12mo.]

BRIDGE INSCRIPTION.-On a rude bridge which crosses a mountain stream near Dublin is this in

scription: Dr SUORE AMABILI. Can any of the correspondents of "N. & Q." tell me what it means? The exact locality of the bridge is, I think, called Kelly's Glen; but of this I am not quite sure. ACHENDE. Dublin.

[This Italian phrase is probably connected with some local legend or occurrence, in which must be sought the true import of the words as inscribed upon the bridge. The translation is "Of Lovely Sisters." It seems to be the remnant of some longer inscription.]

LEWIS.-What is the origin of this name for the clever contrivance used by masons in raising stones ? CPL.

[The word is no doubt derived from the old French lévis, any contrivance for lifting; thus a draw-bridge is called Pont-a-lévis.

This contrivance was known to the Romans, and several have been found among the débris of old buildings, and are now in the Vatican. Our correspondent will find one figured in the Elzevir Vitruvius (fo. Amstel. 1649), page 207.]

Replies.

WILLIAM, SON OF KING STEPHEN.
(3rd S. vii. 201.)

King Stephen had a son William, who was Count of Boulogne. He had a son William who was Count of Mortain; and he had a son William, who, in right of his wife, became Earl Warren and Earl of Surrey. And I think there can be no doubt that these three were all one and the same

person. I am not aware of their identity having ever been disputed; and if there were any question about it, the extract which I subjoin from Dugdale's Baronage would, as I conceive, be sufficient to settle the point:

"This William stiled himself Earl of Bolein, Warren and Moreton, as that Charter of his manifesteth (Monast, Anglic. vol. i. 358, b. n. 10), whereby he confirmed to Stoke, which had been given to them by his ancestors."— the monks of Eye, in Suffolk, the Lordships of Acolt and Baronage, vol. i. p. 76.

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