he سوف پاتی he apill come; so also سیاتی .Ex will come at a more distant period. This letter is prefixed to verbs, nouns, and particles; it indicates sequence either of effect or time. It gives emphasis to the imperative, and is commonly prefixed to this mood after a conditional sentence, and is united, as a kind of buttress, to other particles. Sometimes it loses its sequential meaning, and is a mere copulative, like let there be light, and there was light. Zeid came, and then mounted the horse. ليكن النور فكان النور .Ex جا زيد فركب الحصان say, the spoils قل الأنفال لله والرسول فاتقوا الله و belong to God and the prophet; reverence God. may be prefixed to the equivalent to or else, as do not verb with a signification approach this tree or else 112 1319 الشجرة فتكونوا you will be transgressors لا تقربوا هذه الشجرة one of the idolaters ask thee for help, help him. like, is a preposition governing the genitive case, and is prefixed to nouns and independent pronouns ; rarely to affixed pronouns. 1. J is prefixed to Nouns as the sign of the dative, and as a preposition signifying because of, for the sake of, or expressing an oath with wonder. Note. becomes J when prefixed to all the affixed pronouns except of the 1st Pers. Sing. -I beat him for the sake of instruct ضربته للتاديب ing him. all by God. When is prefixed to the Article it causes a contraction, as in the instances already given. becomes لل 2. J is used pleonastically with the vocative in calling for help as ; and as expressing the pre and as forming the apodosis إن الله لقادر subject, as of thou لو جئتني لأكرمتك to a conditional sentence, as camest to me I would honour thee. if 3. J prefixed to the Present forms the 3rd Pers. of the Imperative, and all the persons of the Subjunc ;let him arrite, let them uorite ليكتبوا ليكتب tive, as 139 .that he, thou, or I may write لا كتب لتكتب ليكتب J prefixed to the Present forms an Optative, as God, i.e. I wish that they would so trust. 1. و couples nouns and sentences; it signifies merely 1355 and drink. انت and; as ave eat ناكل ونشرب I and thou أنا 2. It expresses an oath, as 3. It signifies with, and then governs the accusa ?rohat hast thou to do with Zeid مالك و زيداً tive, as 4. It is equivalent to whilst, and then throws the verb into the subjunctive, as 131 لا تاكل السمك و تشرب اللبن thou shalt not eat fish whilst thou art drinking milk; or to though, and is loosely added with a verb in the و انتم تسمعون present, as turn not array لا تولوا عنه from him (God), though you hear his commands. ADVERBS. In special forms of Adverb the Arabic language is scanty, but the deficiency is amply supplied by the power of adverbializing. The accusatives of all substantives and verbals may be used adverbially. Ex. I by day, LJ by night, anxiously, يوما on the left شمالا ,on the right يمينا .for ever أبدا,much كبيرا , within some day, داخلا The following list of common Adverbs may be useful: |