that; a strengthened form of, and used to give support to other particles prefixed or affixed, as

well as in the simple sense of, as that he, or

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ان ; so that على ان simply her لَا شَكَ أَنَّ ; no doubt that لا شك

purely expletive; ↳ in fact; for, although.

you. In interrogative sentences إنكم إني إنه

;ل

this particle is often preceded by and followed by the sentence then takes the form shewn in the following example:

only. It is often a pure expletive, serving as انما

a peg on which to hang a sentence, as

believers who when God has been mentioned, are of reverent hearts, &c.

To these Adverbs may be added Oh, or that is to

say;

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لا سيما - سيما ;sometimes ربما ;God forbid حاشا

especially; never; still less; he only; is

how; would that;

.behold هاهوذا

معا

together;

ها هوذا ;behold

properly signifying but, is used to express empha

sis at the commencement of a sentence.

OF CONJUNCTIONS.

Of and we have already treated. Of it may be remarked that it is often used merely lest the sentence should fall to pieces for want of connection, and that though it implies sequence, that sequence is frequently one of contrariety.

عر

that not, composed of and the negative.

in order that not.

composed of الا إِنْ .unless ,لا and

or else; it forms the second of two alternatives either after an interrogation or a plain declaration; it

appears in the strengthened form Lol.

valent to unless, requires the subjunctive, as

plum I will kill you or, i.e. unless you become a

لاقتلنك

either adverb or conjunction, as it is used independently, and likewise to couple sentences.

Sin order that; L, in order that not.

but; receives the affixed pronouns.

لكن but لكن لكن

if not تو ما لولا ,although ولو تو

PREPOSITIONS.

The number of prepositions is small; they are as

originally verbs and governed the accusative; this construction is still allowable; the last is properly the ac

a debt

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إليك on the ground على الارض على دين

,take Zeid upon you عليك زيدا

as

to thee is upon me;

i. e. into your care.

likewise signifies against, as he went

خرج على

out against me.

they asked of your سألوا عنك Concerning, as عن

welfare.

Apart from, asic is rich without my aid.

غنى

لم تنتطق عن تفضل Since, as ومَ الْحَى لَم تَنتَطِقُ عَنْ

من

she slept all the morning and had not resumed her girdle since she undressed.

is sometimes used as a complement to a prepo

tive pronoun Lo, and then assumes the forms loc, las concerning which, from which.

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in this last sense may be an abbreviation of

which being properly a noun signifying side or ,عند

position, is used as a preposition in the sense of near