سما و for سماء becomes Ex أي or أو Final

-3

قوم for قام becomes 1. Ex ی or و Often Medial

If, or accented and preceded by a vowel be followed by either Sor, quiescent, the first of the concurrent letters disappears. If the preceding vowel be fethah, it is retained, if it be not fethah it is made to coincide with the accent of the lost letter.

for اغزی و تغزوين for تغرين ورميوا for رسوا Ex

غازوون for غازون و اغزوى

The finality of the vowels, and is not considered as affected by the affix of the termination, nor by that of the possessive pronouns.

for غزاه و مرمية for مرماة وعدووة for عدوة .Ex

-In the last example 1 is fire رميه for رميه وغزوه

The finality of is usually regarded as affected by the affixed possessive pronouns or the termination, but the rule is not absolute in these cases.

may write either, treating the

Thus we

treating it as final.

PARTS OF SPEECH.

The Arabs divide the parts of speech into three:

૭

Verb

The Verb is of two kinds, Primitive

(مجرد) Derived

Primitive Verbs are divided into Triliteral

and Quadriliteral

(الرباعی)

The inflection admits a distinction of Gender.

The Triliteral Verb contains three Radicals in the 3rd Singular Masculine of the Past Tense Active, which is considered the Root.

If in the Root there be no duplication of letter, nor

any of the weak letters, or, the Verb is Regular,

(سالم)

--

asa, otherwise it is Irregular, (~¿é).

غير سالم)

مهموز) برأَ وأَخذ

Radical respectively, as i. ; ii. Jl; iii. .

the

* The Arab Grammarians use the word to express changes produced by conjugation and inflection, and its three let

ters, to designate the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd radicals; 灣

thus a verb hamzated on the 1st Radical is called lėšų j

4-405 139

مهموز باللام on the 3rd مهموز بالعين on the and

17

رضي ا ; غزا زرمي B

We may observe that the true second radical of Concave Verbs is not but, or, and that in the Conjugation of a and b these reappear respectively.

و is

In ẞ and γ

of Defective Verbs the true third radical

Of the primitive Triliteral Verb there are six Conju

distinguished by the change or persist (وزن ) gations

ence of the vowel of the second radical. These variations

.فعل are shewn by the Arab Grammarians on the word

By other Grammarians the order of the 1st and 2nd Conjugations is changed.

Of these Conjugations it may be remarked, that the 1st and 2nd include by far the largest number of Verbs. The 3rd is restricted to such as have a guttural for the 2nd or 3rd radical.

All the Conjugations except the 6th contain both

Transitive

(متعدی)

and Intransitive

Verbs. The

4th and 5th are more commonly Intransitive, and the 6th is exclusively so.

The accompanying Paradigm will shew under what Conjugations the Regular and Irregular Triliteral Verbs range themselves.