.

Lincoln was now stored,' says a poet of that age, with good things, and became the support of the neighbouring country.' When, in 1140, the empress Maud came to England, to assert her title to the crown, she took up her residence at Lincoln, as a place of safety, and conveniently situated for communication with her friends. Stephen on this marched quickly hither, and besieged the city, and took it: but the empress had escaped. During the contest, Lincoln acquired great notoriety. This city and its castle were materially concerned in the contentions between king John and his barons. They continued in the occupation of the crown till the time of Edward I., when Henry de Lacy died seised of them, and they passed, with other parts of his inheritance, to the earl of Lincoln, and so became annexed to the duchy of Lancaster. John of Gaunt greatly improved the castle, and made it his summer residence. Parliaments were held at Lincoln in the reigns of Edward I. II. and III. In 1348 the weavers of Lincoln obtained a charter from Edward III., of what they considered and called their liberties. By this they were invested with the power of depriving any weaver not of their guild, of the privilege of working at his trade within twelve leagues of the city. This and other monopolies were abolished in 1351, by an act called the Statute of Cloths. In the year following the staple of wool was removed from Flanders to England; and Lincoln was one of the staple towns. It was also made a staple for leather, lead, and various other articles; and ranked the second of those towns for the quantity exported, as appears by the record of the sums collected for the king's duties. At the commencement of the civil war, between Charles I. and his parliament, the king came to Lincoln, and convened the freeholders of the county.

The diocese of Lincoln early included so many counties, that it is described as being ready to sink under the weight of its own greatness; and though Henry II. took out of it the diocese of Ely, and Henry VIII. those of Peterborough and Oxford, it is still the largest in England, and except the two archbishoprics, and the principality bishoprics of Winchester, Durham, and Ely, no see has been so well endowed. Prior to the time of Elizabeth, there is no instance of a bishop of this see being translated to another, except Winchester. It is remarkable for the number of its episcopal palaces. In 1547 it had eight. In this county, Lincoln, Sleaford, and Nettleham; in Rutlandshire, Liddington; in Huntingdonshire, Buckden, now the usual residence of the bishops; in Bedfordshire, Woburn; in Buckinghamshire, Fingest; in Oxfordshire, Banbury Castle; two at Newark in Nottinghamshire; and Lincoln Place, Chancery Lane, London. All these, except that at Lincoln, with about thirty manors, were given up in the first year of Edward VI., by Holbech, the first married bishop; so that now only four manors remain of the ancient demesnes.

The cathedral is a magnificent structure, raised at a vast expense by the munificence of several prelates; and its western front attracts the attention of every traveller. On the see being

Trans

lated from Dorchester, in 1088, St. Remigius de Fescamp, the first bishop, founded a cathedral church, which in four years was ready for consecration; and all the bishops of England were summoned to attend on the occasion. Remigius died two days before the solemnity. His successor, Robert Bloet, finished the building, and dedicated it to the Virgin Mary. Having been destroyed by fire, it was rebuilt by Alexander de Blois in 1124, who arched the new fabric with stone, and greatly increased the size of it. Bishop Hugh Burgundus, who died in 1200, enlarged it by what is called the New Work, and the chapter-house. Kings John of England and William of Scotland assisted to carry his body to the cathedral, where it was enshrined in silver, according to Stukeley; but, according to Sanderson, the shrine was of beaten gold. Bishop Gynewell added the chapel of St. Mary Magdalen. Bishop Fleming, a chapel on the north side, in which he was buried: on his monument is his figure in free-stone. Bishop Alnwick was also a considerable benefactor to the cathedral, and built the stately porch at the great south door. It at present consists of a nave, with its aisles; a transept at the west end; and two other transepts, one near the centre and the other towards the eastern end; and a choir and chancel, with their aisles, of corresponding height and width with the nave and aisles. The great transept has a nave towards the east: attached to the western side of this transept is a gallilee, or grand porch; and on the southern side of the eastern aisle are two oratories, or private chapels; while the northern side has one of nearly similar shape and character. Diverging from the northern side are the cloisters, which communicate with the chapter-house. The whole is surmounted with three lofty towers; one at the centre, and two at the western end, decorated with varied tracery, pillars, pilasters, &c. The dimensions of the whole structure are as follow. The height of the two western towers 180 feet. Previous to the year 1808 each of these was surmounted by a central spire of 101 feet high. The great tower in the centre of the church, from the top of the corner pinnacle to the ground, is 300 feet; its width fifty-three feet. Exterior length of the church, with its buttresses, 524 feet; interior length 482 feet; width of the western front 174 feet; exterior length of great transept 250 feet; interior 222; width 66; the less or eastern transept 170 feet in length, forty-four in width, including the side chapels; width of the cathedral eighty feet; height of the vaulting of the nave eighty feet. The chapter house is a decagon, and measures, interior diameter, sixty feet six inches. The cloisters measure 118 feet on the north and south sides, and ninety-one on the eastern and western sides. The grand western front, wherein the greatest variety of styles prevails, is certainly the workmanship of three, if not more, distinct and dietant eras. It consists of a large square-shaped façade; the whole of which is decorated with door-ways, windows, arcades, niches, &c., ani has a pediment in the centre, and two octangelar stair-case turrets at the extreme angles, sur"nounted by plain spire-shaped pinnacles. The

upper transept and the choir appear the next in point of date. These are in the sharp-pointed style; and their architecture is very irregular. The vaulting is generally simple; the ribs of a few groins only have a filleted moulding. A double row of arches or arcades, one placed before the other, is continued round the inside of the aisles, beneath the lower tier of windows. The windows are lofty and narrow, placed two or three together; the greater buttresses in front are ornamented in a singular manner with detached shafts, terminating in rich foliage. The great transept, the gallilee porch, and the vestry, are nearly of the same, but in a later style. The vestry is vaulted, the groining having strong ribs; and beneath it is a crypt with groins, converging into pointed arches. The nave and central tower were next rebuilt, probably begun by bishop Hugh de Welles, as the style of their architecture is that of the latter part of the reign of John, or the beginning of Henry III. The part extending from the smaller transept to the east end appears to have been built by bishops Gravesend, Sutton, and D'Alderby, about the commencement of the fourteenth century. The latter prelate built the upper story of the rood tower, and added a lofty wooden spire, which was blown down in a violent storm in the year 1547 the damages then sustained were not wholly repaired till 1775. Dugdale says that Henry VIII. took away from this church 2621 ounces of gold, and 4285 ounces of silver, besides precious stones of great value: at the Reformation, indeed, what the ravages of time had left, the zealots pulled down or defaced; so that at the close of the year 1548 there was scarcely a perfect tomb remaining. Among illustrious persons buried here, who had monuments erected to their memory, were Catharine Swinford, wife of John of Gaunt; Joan, countess of Westmoreland, their daughter; and Bartholomew, lord Burghersh, brother to the bishop of that name. On the north side of, and connected with the cathedral, are the cloisters, of which only three sides remain in the original

state.

The chapter-house forms a decagon, the groined roof of which is supported by an umbilical pillar, consisting of a circular shaft, with ten small fluted columns attached to it; having a band in the centre, with foliated capitals. One of the ten sides forms the entrance: in the other sides are nine windows, having pointed arches with two lights each. Over the north side of the cloisters is the library, which contains a large collection of books, and some curious specimens of Roman antiquities. It was built by dean Honeywood. A magnificent work containing several finely engraved views of this cathedral, and a concise well written history of it, was published in 1819 by Mr. C. Wild.

Lincoln had formerly more than fifty churches. Eleven only, exclusive of the cathedral, now remain; scarcely any of which merit a particular description. The most remarkable are, St. Benedict's, St. Mary de Wigford's, and St. Peter's at Gowts: having lofty square Norman towers. St. Peter's is an ancient structure, and appears to have been the chapel of some religious house.

The Dissenters' chapels are, 1. A Presbyteriar. or Unitarian meeting, erected early in the last century. 2. The Particular Baptist meetinghouse in Mint Lane, a very neat and recea erection. 3. The Catholic chapel in New Street a small, neat, brick building, erected in 1799, contains a good painting brought from the convent at Gravelines by the English nuns of that place when expelled at the Revolution. 4. The general Baptist meeting, behind St. Benedict's church, near the High-bridge: they have also now erected (1827) a small building for public worship, about a mile distant from the old one, or near Newport Gate at the northern extremity of the city. 5. The Wesleyan Methodists have a handsome chapel in St. Swithin's Lane, erected in 1816. 6. The Independents have two congregations, one meeting in Zion Chapel near ly adjoining the Catholic Chapel, and erected in1802; and another meeting in a spacious brick edifice erected in the year 1820, towards the south end of the city. 7. The Society of Friends have also a small building in Newland, made use of for their quarterly meetings.

The number of parishes in the city of Lincoln is twelve, which, with the four townships within its jurisdiction, make sixteen. It has an extensive trade in corn and wool, of which great quantities are exported into Yorkshire and Lancashire, by vessels which obtain a back freightage of coals, &c. This city is a county of itself, having subject to it four townships in the vicinity, Bracebridge, Canwick, Branston, and Waddington; and in official acts it is denominated The city and county of the city of Lincoln. Its viscountial jurisdiction extends over twenty miles in circumference. In the history of the boroughs of Great Britain, it is said, 'This city had summons, with London and York, to send members to parliament, the forty-ninth of Henry III.' The right of election is considered to be in the freemen, and the number of voters is about 1300. The civil government is vested in a corporation, consisting of a mayor, twelve aldermen, two sheriffs, twenty-eight common-council-men, and four chamberlains; with a recorder, deputy recorder, steward of the courts of borough-mote, a town-clerk, four coroners, four serjeants of the key, or bailiffs, and other inferior officers. The city was incorporated so early as the seventh year of Edward II.; Henry Best being then the first mavor.

Of the castle, built by William I., little remains; but the few vestiges remaining exhibit the same original structure as that of York. The keep stood half without and half within the castle wall, which ascended up the slopes of the hill, and joined the great tower. It was nearly round, and covered the summit of a high artificial mount.

The walls are above seven feet in thickness. In the north-east corner of the castle yard is a curious small building, appearing on the outside lik: a tower, called Cob's Hall; which Mr. King thinks was originally used as a chapel; it is now made use of as a place of execution for criminals by a drop machine. The mint-wall, mentioned by Mr. Gough, is still remaining, and forms part of the enclosure of a garden.

Checquer gate, at the west end of the cathedral, had two gate-houses; the western one has been taken down about thirty-five years; the remaining one to the east has three gateways, and two turrets between them. In Eastgate Street were two very ancient gateways, both of which are now removed. At the bottom of the town, near Brayford water, are remains of a fort, called Lucy Tower. An oblong building in Broadgate Street was appropriated to the gray friars, and still displays much of its ancient architecture: part of this edifice is now used as a free-school. On the south side of the hill is the bishop's palace, which, from being situated near the summit, Leland describes as 'hanging in declivio,' and was built by bishop Chesney, to whom the site was granted by Henry II. It was enlarged by succeeding prelates, and was scarcely at one time exceeded in grandeur by any of our ancient castles. Nearly opposite to the church of St. Peter, at Gowts, formerly stood the palace of the celebrated John of Gaunt. Opposite to this house is a large building, called John of Gaunt's stables. It was a large structure, probably conventual, in the Norman style; the north and west fronts remain. The Jew's house, on the side of the hill, is a curious object, and is ornamented in front, and in some of its mouldings similar to the west doors of the cathedral: in the centre of the front is a semicircular arched door-way, with a projecting pilaster. It is recorded to have been originally possessed by Belaset de Wallingford, a Jewess, who was hanged for clipping in the 18th of Edward I. Formerly here were two grammar schools, one in the close, the other in the city: they were united in 1583.

The principal modern buildings are, a good market house, with assembly rooms over, erected in 1736, the county hospital, a large brick edifice on the brow of the hill, erected in 1769, and accommodating yearly about 200 in-patients, and 170 out-patients on an average, at an expenditure of about £1300 per annum; Christ's Hospital, situated near the last mentioned, is a blue-coat school, which maintains, educates, and apprentices sixty poor boys; the county jail, built in 1788, within the area of the castle walls, a neat and strong building: nearly adjoining to which, within the same area, is a splendid county hall, erected in 1823-6, from a Gothic design by Smirke, at an expense of about £40,000, including decorations; the county assembly rooms are in the bail; a good theatre, below the hill, where a respectable company perform from the last week in September to about the second week in November. The city jail and sessions house is a new brick structure, finished in 1809, and situated by the side of the new road, at the foot of the hill: it is to be regretted that increasing crime proves the great want of room in this building, there being no means of classing or separating prisoners, nor any system of employment for them. The national school, a good brick building, near St. Peter's church, was erected about 1814, from funds collected from various parts of the county, but maintained by the annual subscriptions of the inhabitants. It receives about 300 boys and 200 girls: there is

no school on the British or Lancasterian system in Lincoln. The lunatic asylum, a handsome edifice with a stuccoed front, standing conspicuously on the hill, rather west of the city, the front is 260 feet long, and the area, with gardens, &c. occupies about three acres and a half of ground. it was erected in 1820, at an expense of upwards of £15,000.

The judges lodgings is an elegant mansion, erected at the expense of the county for the accommodation of the judges during the assizes; the magistrates of the district also hold their weekly meetings there: it is situated on the castle hill. The race stand, erected in 1826, on Carholm Hill, upon the west common (where the races are held), has cost the corporation, together with other improvements of the course, nearly £5000. The race course is now one of the finest in the kingdom, as well for the convenience of running, as for its beautiful panoramic effect upon the spectator; the annual meetings are said, however, to be but indifferently attended.

The

Though not the seat of any fixed manufacture, Lincoln possesses considerable advantages as an inland commercial station, communicating with the sea-port of Boston, thirty-two miles distant, by means of the Witham and with the Trent, Humber, and their tributaries; by the Fossdyke Canal from Lincoln to Torksey on the Trent, twelve miles distant. The river Witham, from Lincoln to Boston, is placed in the hands of a joint-stock company, and after many years of vast expenditure the works may now (1827) be considered as very nearly completed; the channel through the town is undergoing most important improvements in respect of width and depth and a new lock of great dimensions and excellent workmanship is in course of erection. Fossdyke Canal, mentioned above, had in times past been suffered to fall into such disuse and decay as to have been assigned by the corporation of Lincoln to a Mr. Elliston of Thorne, in 1741, for a term of 999 years, at the trifling annual rent of £75; a comparatively insignificant outlay soon sufficed to render it again navigable, and the descendants of that gentleman now derive an annual income of between £10,000 and £12,000 from the tolls. In consequence, however, of the shallow and very inefficient state into which it was suffered to fall, dry seasons and floods alike rendering it almost impassable, a formidable opposition was organised about the year 1826, and a close scrutiny disclosed, in the opinion of eminent counsel, some very serious defects in the title of the lessees. The consequence of the agitation of the subject, and of the strong general feeling produced, has been the offer of such concessions on their part as regarded the necessary improvements required, provided that an act of parliament were procured expressly confirming their title; and it appears probable that an agreement of this kind will be effected.

The picturesque beauty of the city, viewed in almost any direction, together with the peculiar interest attached to many of its antiquities, induces a considerable annual resort of travellers to Lincoln. This is much aided by the greatly improved state of travelling in the district:

while, from the great facility with which passengers are steam-ferried over the Humber at Barwon several times a day, Lincoln has become a favorite line of connexion from the south, with the east of Yorkshire, and the northern parts of England. There is, perhaps, no point between London and York which better repays a day's delay to a traveller. Lincoln is 131 miles north by west from London.

3.

LINCOLN, a county in the south part of Maine, bounded north by Kennebeck county, east by Hancock county, south by the Atlantic, and west by Cumberland county: the chief towns, Wiscasset and Bath. 2. A county in the central part of Kentucky: chief town, Stanford. A county on the south side of west Tennessee: chief town, Fayetteville. 4. A county in the west part of North Carolina: chief town Lincolntown. 5. A county north part of Georgia: chief towns, Lincolnton and Goshen.

LINCOLNSHIRE.—This county was called oy the Saxons Lincollnscyre, and by the Norman invaders Nicholshire: but its etymology is extremely doubtful. Before the Roman invasion it belonged to a people whom the invaders called Coritani; but when the Romans took possession of it they made it a part of the division called Britannia Prima. By the Anglo-Saxons it was attached to the kingdom of Mercia, but was subsequently incorporated with that of Wessex. The Norman conqueror divided the whole county among his followers.

It is a large maritime county, the third with respect to size in the kingdom, bounded on the north by Yorkshire, from which it is separated by the Humber; on the east by the German Ocean, by that arm of the sea called the Wash; on the west by Nottinghamshire, Leicestershire, and Yorkshire; and on the south by Rutland, Northamptonshire, and Cambridgeshire. Its form is an irregular oblong. The late ingenious secretary to the board of agriculture gives the following estimate of the extent of the county in square miles, including the wolds, the heath north and south of Lincoln, the lowland tracts, and a remainder or miscellaneous tract of 1122 miles: in all 2888 square miles, or 1,848,320 acres. Its circumference is about 160 miles. The county consists of three divisions, viz. Lindsey, Kesteven, and Holland; thirty hundreds, five sokes, one city, thirty-one market towns, and 630 parishes. It is in the diocese of its own name, in the province of Canterbury, and 's included in the midland circuit.

The climate of this county has long been considered cold, damp, and unhealthy; but these disadvantages have, for some years, been decreasing. The progress of drainage, and consequent cultivation, has gradually operated to render the air more mild and dry. It has, however, been observed, that immediately after the Witham drainage, the climate of the lowland district was rendered more agueish than before; but, upon the drainage being completed, this effect disappeared, and it became much healthier than it had ever been. Still, however, the people are subject to agues occasionally. The northeast winds in the spring also are more sharp and prevalent than further inland.' There is also

another extraordinary circumstance in the northwest corner of the county: agues were formerly commonly known upon the Trent and Humber side; at present they are rare, and nothing has been effected on the Lincoln side of the Humber to which it can be attributed; but there was a coincidence of time with the draining of Wellin fen in Yorkshire; and this effect Mr. A. Young very justly conjectures to have been the cause of this remarkable change

The face of the country presents many features of beautiful and picturesque scenery.; The indefatigable author already quoted observes, that about Belton are fine views from the tower on Belmont. Lynn and the Norfolk Cliffs are visible, Nottingham Castle, the Vale of Belvoir, &c.; and on going by the Cliff-towns to Lincoln there are many fine views. Various places are pointed out which cannot be here enumerated; but it may be sufficient to add, that 'the country round Grantham, in the vicinity of Louth, and that more particularly between Bourn and the former place, including the noble and very spacious woods of Grimsthorpe, abounds with that inequality of surface, that diversified interchange of hill and dale, wood and lawn, which constitute the picturesque and beautiful in natural scenery.' Of the soil of this county it has been observed, that it may be truly said to include all sorts of land that are to be found in the whole kingdom. The county naturally divides itself into the wolds, the heaths, and the fens. The last occupy the south-east parts of the county, and were formerly a swampy and unprofitable waste. The heaths, now enclosed, are north and south of Lincoln; and the wolds extend, somewhat diagonally, from Spilsby to very near the Humber; they are in length about forty miles, and their greatest breadth about ten. Both the heaths and the wolds are calcareous hills. The fens consist of lands which at some former period have been covered by the sea, and by human art have been recovered from it.' Some, however, have entertained the opinion that this fen-land was formerly a woody country; but concerning the grounds of this opinion we have here no room to enquire.

The principal rivers belonging to or passing through this county are the Trent, the Ancholme, the Witham, the Welland, and the Glen. The first of these has but very little connexion with Lincolnshire, more properly belonging to Staffordshire. It forms nearly the north-western boundary from North Clifford to Stockworth, and thus constitutes the eastern boundary of the Isle of Axholme. The Witham is the only river that strictly belongs to this county. It rises near South Witham, about ten miles north of Stamford, and pursues a line deviating but a little from the north by Grantham to Lincoln. It then turns eastward, and, joined by a stream from the wolds in the north, proceeds southward through the fens to Tattershall, where it is met by the Bain from Horncastle, and afterwards to Boston, soon falling into the great bay between Lincolnshire and Norfolk, at the mouth of the Fossdyke Wash. This river is defended against the incursions of the sea by a curiously constructed sluice, just before it reaches Boston.

It is the last of those numerous streams which contribute to form the great gulf between the two above-named counties; the Boston Deeps being at its mouth nearly opposite to those of Lynn across the bay. Much of the present bed of the river, from Boston upwards, is a new artificial cut, made for the purpose of widening and straightening the channel, rendering it more commodious for navigation, and better adapted to receive and carry off the water of the contiguous fens. The coast north of Boston is not distinguished by any remarkable streams to the mouth of the Humber; the rivers which reach the sea at Wainfleet and Saltfleet being consirable, though the latter is navigable to Louth.

There are several valuable canals in this county, particularly an inland navigation from Boston by Brothertoft farm on the Witham, cut to Lincoln, and thence by Fossdyke Canal into the Trent; and thence again to all parts of Yorkshire, Lancashire, &c. There is also a canal from Witham to Boston, finished in 1796; and another from Grantham into the Trent, near Holm Pierrepoint. The Ancholme cut is navigable from Bishop's Bridge to the Humber, at Ferraby Sluice. There is another from Horncastle to the river Witham, at Dogdyke, near Tattershall; and another from Louth to the Humber. There is another from Grantham to Nottingham, thirtythree miles, a very fine canal, completed in 1796, which cost £100,000. It passes near some fine beds of plaster; and lime is brought in large quantities from Criche in Derbyshire. Caistor Canal joins the river Ancholme in the parish of south Kelsey, and proceeds in a direct course nearly to the town of Caistor, being a distance of about nine miles. The Stainforth and Keadley Canal commences at the river Dun, about a mile to the west of Fishlake, and runs parallel with that river opposite to Thorn; from whence, in a line nearly due east, it passes Crowle ard Keadley, whence it forms a junction with the river Trent. A branch from this canal, about a mile across Thorn Common to Hangman H 11, joins the river Dun. The total length of this canal is between fourteen and fifteen miles; and, running through a fen part of the courtry, has httle elevation, and no lockage, except out of the rivers, and at the extremities. Lincolnshire being so completely a grazing county, there is but little else to notice with respect to its natural productions. Some of the cattle raised in this county are of the most surprising and almost incredible size. This county returns twelve members to parliament; viz. two for the shire, two for the city of Lincoln, two for Stamford, two for Boston, two for Grantham, and two for Grimsby. No other name need be mentioned to establish the biographical honor of this county than that of Sir ISAAC NEWTON, who was born at the manor-house of Woolsthorpe, in the village of Colterworth. The house is still standing. The accomplished Anne Askewe, who was horn at Kelsey about 1520, and martyred at Smithfield 1546, going to heaven, as Fuller expresses it, in a chariot of fire. The patriotic and loyal Cecil, lord Burleigh. Born at Bourn, Died 1598.—John Fox, the martyrolo

1521.

gist, the celebrated author of the Acts and Monyments of the Church, in which he was greatly assisted by Dr. Grindal, afterwards archbishop of Canterbury. Born at Boston, 1517. Died 1587.-Mr. Alexander Kilham, founder of a new sect, or rather division, of Arminian Methodists, was born at Epworth.-Admiral Sir W. Monson. Born at South Carlton, 1569. Died 1642-3. -Francis Peck, an eminent antiquary, biographer, and critic. Born at Stamford, 1692. Died 1743.-The Patriotic Thomas Sutton, founder of the Charterhouse-School, London. Born at Knaith, 1532. Died 1611.-The two Wesleys, John and Charles, founders of the Arminian Methodists. They were born at Epworth. John, 1703. Died 1791. Charles, 1708. Died 1788. The zealous and intrepid archbishop Whitgift. Born at Great Grimsby, 1530. Died February 29th, 1603.

There are here no manufactures of any great extent. Woollen and woollen yarn have been considered the staple trade of the county. Ships are built at Gainsborough; and a pretty fabric for brushes' is also manufactured there; also coarse hemp-sacking. There are also some factories for the spinning and weaving of flax and linen. Its chief trade, however, is in fat cattle.

LIN'DEN, n. s. Sax. lind. The lime-tree. See LIME.

Hard box, and linden of a softer grain. Dryden. LINDEN TREE. See TILIA.

LINDSAY (Sir David), a celebrated Scottish poet, descended of an ancient family, and born in the reign of James IV., near Cupar in Fifeshire. He was educated at St. Andrew's; and, after making the tour of Europe, returned to Scotland in 1514. Soon after his arrival he was appointed gentleman of the bed-chamber to the king, and tutor to the prince, afterwards James V. He enjoyed several other honorable employments at court; but, in 1533, was deprived of them all, except that of lyon king at arms, which he held till his death. His disgrace was probably owing to his invectives against the clergy. After the decease of James V. Sir David became a favorite of the regent earl of Arran; but the abbot of Paisley did not suffer him to continue long in favor with the earl. He then retired to his paternal estate, and spent the remainder of his days in rural tranquillity. He died in 1553. His poetical talents, considering the age in which he wrote, were not contemptible; he . treats the Romish clergy with great severity, and writes with humor: but he takes such liberties with words, lengthening or shortening them for measure or rhime, that the Scotch have to this day a proverb, for an unusual expression, There is nae sic a word in a' Davie Lindsay. He wrote several tragedies and comedies, and first introduced dramatic poetry into Scotland. poems are printed in one volume; and fragments of his plays in MS. are in Mr. William Carmichael's collection.

His

LINDSAY (John), a learned English clergyman, born in 1686, and educated at Oxford. He preached many years to a dissenting congregation in Aldersgate Street. He published, 1. The