auctore M. Jo. Frider. Nicolai, 4to. Jenæ, 1670.: The compiler of this dull work never dreamed that the Persian words so called, which he endea vours to harmonize with the Arabic, were in general of Arabic origin, and only brought into the Persian language in consequence of the Mohammedan conquests. Indeed no harmony of the Persian and Arabic languages can ever be effected, as there is scarcely any similarity between them.

Thesaurus Linguarum Orientalium, Turcicæ, Arabicæ, Persicæ non solum vocum tam simplicium quam conjunctarum copia maximum refertum, sed etiam innumeris phrasibus locuplefatum.-Opera, typis et sumptibus Francisci à Mesgnien Meninski, Viennæ, 1080, 4 vols. fol. Second edition, fol. Viennæ, 1780, 4 vols. An excellent work--see it described in the BIBLIOGR. DICT. Article MENINSKI.

Dictionarium Arabico Turcicum, OVAN

KOULI.

Opus impressum Constantinopoli, jussu Imperatoris, an. 1728, 2 vols. fol. This work I have never seen; and give its title from De Bure.

A Dictionary Persian, Arabic, and English, by J. Richardson, F. A. S. of Wadham College, Oxford, 1778-80, two vols. fol. An excellent work, particularly for the Persian, and formed on the plan of Meninski's Thesaurus. As the first vol. or Pers. Arab. and English part was published separately, many more copies were sold

than of the second or English, Persian, and Arabic. A few broken sets of the first volume being left, the booksellers were led to reprint several deficient sheets, and so with the copies left on hand of the second vol. they made up some perfect sets. But these are easily known from the original, as they bear the imprint London printed by Rousseau, Wood-street, Spa Fields, &c. &c. 1800.

Scheidt F. Glossarium Arabico-Latinum Manuale, maximam partem e Lexico Goliano excerptum, 4to. majus Lugd. Bat. 1787.

A compendious Vocabulary, English (Arabic) and Persian, including all the Oriental Simples in the Materia Medica, Tables of Khaliffs, Kings of Persia and Hindostan, by Francis Gladwin. Printed at Malda in Bengal, 1780, 4to. with the beautiful Taaleek Types cut by Charles Wilkins, LL. D. F. R. S.

Lexicon Linguæ Arabicæ in Coranum, Haririum et Vitam Timuri, auctore Joanne Willmet, 4to. Rotterodami, 1784. This work is compiled chiefly from that of Golius, but with many very important additions. Though it states to be constructed only for the Koran, Hariri and Arabshah's Life of Teemoor, yet the Arabic student will seldom be at a loss for any root he may meet with in any other author. For the Koran it is peculiarly useful, as it contains not only all the words in that work, but refers also to the soorat and verse in which they occur. In Mr.

Kett's Elements of general knowledge, vol. ii. p. 514, edit. Lond. 1806. This work is mentioned thus: Lexicon Linguæ Arabicæ in Coranum et Vitam Timuri, 4to. 1784. And on the next page the same book is inserted with the full title, but without the date, and recommended as an additional work to those mentioned before! But this is an oversight.

A Dictionary Persian, Arabic and Englishby John Richardson-a new edition, with numerous additions and improvements, by Chas. Wilkins, LL. D. F. R. S. 4to. Lond. 1806. This edition does honour to Dr. Wilkins; there is no respect in which it is not improved. The Orthography is reduced to a proper standard, a vast multitude of words both Persian and Arabic are added. The arrangement of some letters, particularly Ba and Pa, Kaf and Gaf, which were confounded in Mr. Richardson's work, are here properly distinguished and arranged, and the whole is beautifully and correctly printed in a convenient size, on excellent paper, and with the beautiful Nisk designed by Dr. Wilkins, and cut by Mr. Wm. Martin. The second vol. containing the English before the Persian and Arabic, is not yet printed.

It is said that Mr. Francis Gladwin, of Bengal, has published a large and much improved Persian and Arabic Dictionary, in which the words are illustrated after the manner of the Ferhung Jehangeeree, by quotations from the

best Eastern writers. Such a work from such an -able Orientalist must be invaluable.

At Fort William also I find they have undertaken a translation of the Surah, a very excellent and accurate Arabic Lexicon, in which the terms are all explained in Persian. This also when completed will be a valuable accession to our means of acquiring the Arabic and Persian languages.

PERSIAN Grammars.

Rudimenta Linguæ Persicæ, a Ludovico De Dieu, 4to. Lugd. Bat. Elzevir, 1639. The first work of the kind published. Annexed to this work are the two first chapters of the Persian Targum on Genesis, with the Arabic vowel points to facilitate the true pronunciation. It is gene-rally found connected with De Dieu's edition of Xavier's History of Christ, and the History of Peter, printed by the Elzevirs, in the same year.

Elementa Linguæ Persicæ, auth. Joan. Gravio, item anonymus Persa de Siglis Arabum et Persarum Astronomis, Persice et Latine, 4to. Lond. 1649. This is in every respect an improvement of De Dieu's work by a man who was accurately acquainted with the Persian language.

Introductio ad lectionem Linguarum Orienta

lium a Briano Waltono, 18mo. Lond. 1654. se. cunda edit. 1655. See among the Arabic Grammars.

Harmonica brevis et perpetua sex Linguarum Orientalium, &c. ab Edmundo Castello. Prefixed to the Pars altera of his Heptaglott Lexicon, fol. Lond. 1669. See among the Arabic Grammars.

Ignatii Grammatica Persica, 4to. Romæ, 1661.

Grammatica Turcica-cujus singulis capitibus Præcepta Linguarum Arabicæ et Persicæ subjiciuntur, à Francisco à Mesgnien Meninski, fol. Vien. 1680. Another edition 4to. 1754. See among the Arabic Grammars. This work contains many judicious precepts and observations; but the Arabic and Persian are almost lost in the Turkish, for the use of which language the whole work was more particularly designed.

Clavis Gazophylacii Linguæ Persarum ab Angelo à S. Joseph. fol. Amstelod. 1684. Prefixed to his Gazophylacium Linguæ Persarum, which see below among the Dictionaries. This Grammar is really a work of considerable merit, and contains a variety of very useful information.

Institutiones-Persicarum-a Georgio Othone, 12mo. Franc. ad Moen. 1717. See among the Arab. Grammars.

Guilelmi Burtoni AEIVANA veteris Linguæ Per sicæ, quæ apud priscos Scriptores Græcos et La

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