dandled with her, about the riuers of Canobus, and Taphosiris." North's Plutarch, Demetrius and Antonius, p. 1010, ed. 1595.

[14] Livy III. 33; "In this new state of government, Appius was the man that bare the greatest stroke, he ruled the rost and swaied all the rest, so highly stood he in grace and favour with the people" (Holland's trans. p. 109, ed. 1600). The allusion is to the story of Virginia. [15] Lat. legislatorum inter Romanos principem. [16] Inordinate: Lat. voluptatibus deditus. [21] Lat. abjectum quidem et pusillanimum est illud Epicuri dictum. [22] Seneca, Ep. 1. 7, § 11: quoted also in Adv. of L. I. 3, § 6; "for it is a speech for a Louer, & not for a wise man: Satis magnum alter alteri Theatrum sumus." p. 37 [1] Comp. Antitheta xXXVI; Angusta admodum contemplatio amor. [10] Lat. Neque hæc hyperbole solum modo in locutionis phrasi cernitur. [12] By Plutarch (de adul. et amico, 11; Op. Mor. Ρ. 48 F.); αὐτὸς αὑτοῦ κόλαξ ἕκαστος ὢν πρῶτος καὶ μέγιστος. See also Essay XXVII. p. 112, 1. 26, and LIII. p. 214, 1. 4. [13] have intelligence: Lat. conspirant. ceptum est illud diverbium.

[27] Ovid, Her. XVI. 133. Publii Syri Sent. 15.

[17] Lat. Recte itaque re[19] weaknesse: Lat. phrenesis. Amare et sapere vix Deo conceditur; [29] Antith. XVII; Omnes, ut Paris, qui

formæ optionem faciunt, prudentiæ et potentiæ jacturam faciunt. [31] quitteth: Lat. nuntium remittit.

p. 38 [3] In ed. of 1612; "They doe best that make this affection keepe quarter, and seuer it wholly from their serious affaires and actions of their life." [4] Love: Lat. amores. make it keepe Quarter: Lat. in ordinem redigunt. [7] Lat. turbat omnia. [9-end] I know not... Imbaseth it: added in 1625. [9] This question is illustrated by Montaigne, Essais 11. 23. Comp. Arist. Pol. 11. 6, § 6.

ESSAY II

The title of this Essay in the Latin is De Magistratibus et dignita- | tibus. In the ed. of 1612 it stands eighth in order.

p. 39 [8] loose: Lat. exuere. It seems that the translator here mistook the English. In ed. 1612 it was 'lose.' Comp. Antith. vII; Honorum ascensus arduus, statio lubrica, regressus præceps.

[14] Cic. Ep. Fam. (ad Marium) vII. 3; "Vetus est enim, ubi non sis qui fueris, non esse cur velis vivere." This quotation was added in 1625. It occurs in the Promus, fol. 11 b, where it is correctly ubi &c. Lat. triste quiddam et melancholicum. [19] Shadow: Lat. umbram et otium. [19-21] Like.. Scorne: added in 1625.

p. 40 [1] Comp. Antith. vII; Qui in honore sunt, opinionem mutuentur oportet, ut seipsos beatos putent. [14] Seneca, Thyest. 11. 401. [18] Comp. Antith. v; Honores dant fere potestatem earum rerum, quas optima conditio est nolle, proxima non posse. [24] Lat. sine munere aliquo publico et potestate. [25] and good Works: added in 1625. [27] the same: 'merit,' in ed. of 1612. [28] 'can be in any measure,' in ed. of 1612. [29] Gen. i. 31. Bacon again quotes

from memory, for his Latin does not correspond with that of any version I have consulted.

p. 41 [2] Lat. num non melius inceperis quam perstiteris. [3-7] Neglect..avoid: added in 1625. [7] therfore: added in 1625. without Braverie: Lat. absque elatione tui ipsius. [15] Lat. contende ut quæ agis pro potestate tanquam regulis quibusdam cohibeantur, ut hominibus tanquam digito monstres. Course: courses' in MS.[17] and peremptorie: added in 1625. [18] Lat. quid sit quod agas diligenter expone. [19] Right: 'rights' in ed. 1612. [22] Lat. quam ut quæstiones de iis cum strepitu suscites et agites. [23] Inferiour Places: the Lat. adds, tibi subordinatorum. [26] Advices: 'intelligence' in ed. of 1612. [29] accept of: Lat. allicias et recipias. [30] Lat. in auctoritate utendâ et exercendâ.

p. 42 [1] In ed. of 1612, "do not only bind thine owne hands, or thy seruants hands that may take; but bind the hands of them that should offer." [5] Lat. prædicata et ex professo. ..steale it: added in 1625.

[10-14] Therefore [11] declare: Lat. declares et inculces.

[16] to close

[17] Lat. [21] Comp.

[14] Lat. servus gratiosus et apud dominum potens. Corruption: added in 1625. close omitted in Lat. invidiam et malevolentiam parit illa, nihil inde metens. Adv. of L. II. 23, § 5; where Bacon remarks upon the same verse of the Proverbs: "Here is noted that a iudge were better be a briber, then a respecter of persons: for a corrupt Iudge offendeth not so lightly as a facile." [25] Prov. xxviii. 21. [27] ἀρχὴ τὸν ἄνδρα Seixvvow: attributed by some to Pittacus of Mitylene, by others to Solon. Aristotle (Mor. v.) quoted it in the name of Bias. Epaminondas (Plut. Præc. Civ. xv. 2) varied it; où μóvov ǹ åpxy tòv ävdpa deíkvvoɩv, ảλλà kaì ápxyv ȧvýp. (Adagia, p. 226; ed. Grynæus, 1629). The saying also occurs in Guicciardini (Maxims, 72; Eng. tr.), and at the conclusion of his History. Magistratus virum indicat, in the Promus, fol. 76. [29] Tac. Hist. 1. 49. [31] Tac. Hist. 1. 50:

quoted again in Adv. of L. II. 22, § 5, where it is introduced with, "Tacitus obserueth how rarely raising of the fortune mendeth the disposition." [33] of Sufficiencie: Lat. de arte imperatoria.

[34] an assured Signe: Lat. signum luculentissimum. p. 43 [2] Comp. Antitheta vr; Virtutis, ut rerum aliarum, rapidus motus est ad locum, placidus in loco: est autem virtutis locus honos. [4] Comp. Adv. of L. 11. 10, § 1: "So that it is no maruaile, though the soule so placed, enioy no rest, if that principle be true, that Motus rerum est rapidus extra locum, Placidus in loco." In the Promus already referred to, fol. 86, there is this note; "Augustus rapide ad locum leniter in loco." and calme: omitted in MS. [6] in Authoritie: Lat. in honore adepto. [7-end] All Rising..another Man: added in 1625. [8] to side a Mans selfe: Lat. alteri parti adhærere. Here again the translator seems to have missed the point. in quotidianis sermonibus aut conversatione privatâ.

[18] Lat.

ESSAY 12

P. 44 [1] Lat. tritum est dicterium. [3] Cic. de Orat. 111. 56, § 213; de clar. Orat. 38; Orat. 17. Quintilian (x1. 3) substitutes pronunciatio for actio. Archdeacon Hare has some remarks upon this anecdote in Guesses at Truth, pp. 147–151, 2nd series, 2nd ed. 1848. [10] Lat. histrionis potius virtus censenda est quam oratoris.

[18] Antith. XXXIII; Quid actio oratori, id audacia viro civili; primum, secundum, tertium.

p. 45 [1] Lat. captivos ducit eos.

mocratiis.

[5] in Popular States: Lat. in De[23] I have been unable to trace any foundation for this story of Mahomet. The saying is a common Spanish proverb and appears in Bacon's Promus, or Common-place book, fol. 20 b, as follows; Se no va el otero a Mahoma vaya Mahoma al otero. But, singularly enough, in a letter from Antonio Perez to the Earl of Essex, it is quoted in exactly the converse form: "Tu videris quo id modo fiet, an ego ad templum, an, ut solebant loqui Hispani Mauri, si no puede yr Mahoma a Lotero (i.e. al otero), venga Lotero (i.e. el otero) a Mahoma, templum cum aliqua occasione huc se conferat." Antonii Perezii ad Comitem Essexium..epistolarum centuria una. Norimb. 1683, ep. 14, p. 18. I am indebted for this reference to the Rev. J. E. B. Mayor, Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge.

p. 46 [2] Lat. vultum enim tunc nanciscitur in se reductum sed defor miter. [6] Lat. sed audaces, quando tale quidpiam illis contingit, attoniti hærent. [11] Hence the proverb, 'Who so bold as blind Bayard?'

ESSAY 13

P. 47 [1] Lat. ut sit affectus qui hominum commoda studeat et bene velit. [3] And: 'for' (1612). [4] is a little too light: Lat. levius aliquanto est atque angustius. [5] Habit: Lat. affectum et habitum. [7] and Dignities of the Minde: added in 1625. [8] Lat. cum sit ipsius divinæ naturæ adumbrata quædam effigies et charac ter. [9] Man: Lat. homo animalis. [11] Goodnesse: Lat. bonitas moralis. [13]-p. 48 [6] The desire..committed: added in 1625. [19] Lat. quæ, si benefaciendi materiâ aut occasione destituta, non inveniat quo se exerceat in homines, deflectet certe in brutas ani

mantes.

p. 48 [2] Leg. Turc. epist. quat. ep. III. p. 133, ed. 1605. Bacon's memory was here at fault. The offender was a Venetian goldsmith who delighted in fowling, and had caught a goatsucker, or some such bird, about the size of a cuckoo and nearly of the same colour. Its bill when open would admit a man's fist. The goldsmith, by way of a joke, fixed the bird alive over his door, with a stick in its mouth to keep the beak distended. The Turks were enraged, seized the man, dragged him before a judge, and with difficulty allowed him to escape. In the Latin translation the correct version is given. Adeo ut, (referente Busbequio) Aurifex quidam Venetus, Byzantii agens, vix furorem populi effugerit quod avis cujusdam, rostri oblongi, fauces inserto

baculo diduxisset.

[10] Mac

[7] This proverb is entered in the Promus, fol. 20 a. [9] One of the Doctors of Italy: omitted in the Latin. The Italian translation has "quel empio Nicolo Macciavello." ciavel: see Disc. sopr. Livio, II. 2. [20] Lat. ne te illorum interea aut vultibus aut voluntatibus mancipio dedas. [21] or: 'and' (1612). [23] Phædr. III. 12. A good story is told in Apoph. 203, in which an allusion to this fable is brought in. "When peace was renewed with the French in England, divers of the great counsellors were presented from the French with jewels. The Lord Henry Howard was omitted. Whereupon the King said to him; My Lord, how haps it that you have not a jewel as well as the rest? My Lord answered again, (alluding to the fable in Æsop;) Non sum Gallus, itaque non reperi gemmam." I think it very probable that this story was in Bacon's mind when he wrote the Essay. [26] Matt. v. 45. [29] 'honours' in MS. [31] with choice: Lat. paucis et cum delectu.

P. 49 [2] Mark x. 21.

[16] Difficilnesse: the Latin adds libidinem. [17-22] Such men..raw: added in 1625. [18] Lat. fere florent, easque semper aggravant. [20] Luke xvi. 21. [22] raw: Lat. cruda quæque et excoriata. 'There be many Misanthropi' (1612). Lat. non paucos reperias misanthropos. [25] See Timon's speech to the Athenians as given by Plutarch. "My Lords of Athens, I haue a litle yard in my house where there groweth a figge tree, on the which many citizens haue hangd themselues: & because I meane to make some building on the place, I thought good to let you all vnderstand it, that before the fig tree be cut downe, if any of you be desperate, you may there in time goe hang yourselues." North's Plutarch, Antonius, p. 1002, ed. 1595. Comp. Shakspere, Tim. of Athens, v. 2, 'I have a tree, which grows here in my close, &c.' [26] Lat. humanæ naturæ vomicas et carcinomata; cf. Suet. Aug. 65. [27] great Politiques: Lat. mercurii politici. [31] p. 50 [14] The parts.. Christ himselfe : added in 1625. p. 50 [6] Lat. supra injuriarum jactum et tela. [9] Trash: Lat. sarcinas. [10] Rom. ix. 3. See Adv. of L. 11. 20, § 7, where the same passage is alluded to. "But it may be truly affirmed that there was neuer any phylosophy, Religion or other discipline, which did so playnly and highly exalt the good which is Communicatiue and depresse the good which is priuate and particuler as the Holy faith: well declaring that it was the same God, that gaue the Christian Law to men, who gaue those Lawes of nature, to inanimate Creatures that we spake of before; for we reade that the elected Saints of God haue wished themselues Anathematized, and razed out of the Booke of life, in an extasie of Charity, and infinite feeling of Communion."

ESSAY 14

Greatly altered and enlarged from the ed. of 1612, in which it was differently arranged. The Essay in that edition began at p. 52, l. 14, "It is a reuerend thing..p. 53, 1. 2, Honour;" with the additional

clause, "and Enuy is as the sunne beames, that beate more vpon a rising ground, then upon a leuell;" which was afterwards incorporated in the Essay 'Of Envy.' Then followed the passage, p. 51, 1. 22—p. 52, 1. 7; "A great.. Maiesty of Kings."

The other variations will be noted in the course of the Essay.

p. 51 [1-21] Added in 1625. [12] Lat. vel si omnino in personas, id fit tanquam in maxime idoneas rebus gerendis, minime vero ut ratio habeatur insignium aut imaginum. [17] Respects: Lat. dignitas. [22] and Potent: added in 1625.

p. 52 [3] Fortune: 'fortunes' (1612).

[5] Lat. ut insolentia popularis

illorum reverentiâ tanquam obice retundatur. [8-14] A Numerous Nobility..Persons: added in 1625. [8] Lat. Rursus numerosa nobilitas, quæ plerumque minus potens est, statum prorsus depauperat. [16] Lat. annosam et proceram arborem. [21] Those that are first raised to Nobility: "The first raisers of Fortunes' (1612). [24] any added in 1625. [27] Posterity: 'posterities' (1612). [32] Lat. invidiæ stimulis vix carebit. [34] from; 'in' (1612); "from others towards them;" omitted in the Latin.

p. 53 [1] Lat. eo quod nobiles in honorum possessione nati videntur. [2] Lat. prudentes et capaces. [3] Lat. negotia sua mollius fluere sentient, si eos potissimum adhibeant.

ESSAY 15

Not published in the edition of 1612, though evidently written before that time. It is found in a MS. of that edition which is preserved in the British Museum (Harl. MSS. 5106), and was written, according to Mr Spedding, between the years 1607 and 1612. He has printed this earlier form in his edition of Bacon's Works, Vol. vi. p. 589. p. 54 [2] Kalenders: Lat. prognostica. [5] Equinoctia. The word 'equinox' was apparently not yet naturalized, though it was in use many years before. Thus in Blundevile's Exercises, fol. 149 a: "The Colure of the Equinoxes is so called because it cutteth the Zodiaque in the beginning of Aries, which is called the vernal Equinoxe: and also in the beginning of Libra, which is called the Autumnall Equinoxe, at which two times the dayes and nightes be equall." [6] hollow: Lat. cavos et veluti e longinquo. MS. [7] a Tempest: 'tempests' in MS. entibus procellis politicis. [9] Ille etiam: Georg. I. 465. [12] Lat. Famosi libelli, et licentiosi et mordaces sermones in status scandalum. [12-16] against..embraced: omitted

of Winde: omitted in Lat. idem evenit ingruomitted in MS. Virg.

in MS. [14] Lat. novarum rerum rumores mendaces.

p. 55. [1] Virg. Æn. IV. 179; quoted in Adv. of L. II. 4, § 4. “In Heathen Poesie, wee see the exposition of Fables doth fall out sometimes with great felicitie, as in the Fable that the Gyants beeing ouerthrowne in their warre against the Gods, the Earth their mother in reuenge thereof brought forth Fame.

Illam terra Parens, &c.

Expounded that when Princes & Monarches haue suppressed actuall