145. In the same way are declined: nathir water-snake, lassair flame, láir (Gen. lárach) mare, dair oak, Temair Tara, ail (Gen. ailech) rock, Lugaid (Gen. Luigdech and Lugdach); and with a terminal vowel: coera sheep, mala eyebrow, Acc. Plur. mail-gea, eola knowing, rure king (Gen. rurech), aire nobleman (Gen. airech).

146. The Nom. daur oak belongs to an old u stem, as also the Gen. daro, dara. Some other words of this kind form single cases without the guttural. Dat. Sg. cathir, Temair, Acc. ail, Dat. Pl. cáirib.

147. Lia, lie M. stone, Latin cos, is an isolated stem in cc, c, and is thus declined: N. lia, lie, G. liacc, D. liic and lia, A. liic n-, Pl. N. lieic, G. liacc n-. Another word is lecc F. stone, flagstone, N. lecc, G. licce, D. leicc, A. leicc n-, Pl. N. A. lecca, G. lecc n-, D. leccaib.

148. Rí M. king is an isolated stem in g, and is thus declined, N. rí, G. ríg, D. ríg, A. ríg n-, V. a rí, Pl. N. ríg, G. ríg n-, D. rígaib, A. riga, Middle Irish rigu, Dual N. A. dá ríg, G. dá ríg, D. dib rígaib. A similar stem is bri hill, Gen. breg.

150. Bráthar is found in the Gen. Pl. as well as bráthre.

Later bráithre is also met with in the Nom. Pl. In the same way are declined: máthir mother, athir father, in Middle Irish bráthair, máthair, athair. Also siur sister, Gen. sethar, fethar, § 56, Dat. siair, fiair.

151. In the later language these words have come to be inflected like cathir: úasal-athraig patriarchæ, Modern Irish Nom. and Acc. Pl. bráithreacha.

(d) Masculine and Feminine stems in n and nn (nd). 152. Paradigms: brithem M. judge, inga F. nail, toimtiu F. meaning, goba M. smith.

G. inna m-brithe- inna n-ingan n- inna toimten inna n-gobann n

153.

Like brithem are declined other Nomina actoris, e.g. dúlem creator (from dúil element), Alaithem ruler (from faith lordship), also ollam princeps poetarum (Gen. ollaman), talam F. earth (Gen. talman), and with a terminal vowel menme M. sense (Gen. menman).

154. Anim F. soul has G. anme, D. anmin, anmain; A. anmin, anmain n-, Pl. N. anmin, and so on, but in Middle Irish comes to be inflected in the Plural like the Neuter noun ainm name, Pl. N. A. anmand, G. anmand n-, D. anmannib.

155. Like inga are declined ára, áru kidney, aursa doorpost, gulba bill, leco cheek, lurga shinbone, lúta little finger, ulcha beard, Alba North Britain, Muma Munster, patu hare, and without a vowel in the Nominative, triath sea, Gen. trethan,

156. In the Nom. Pl. such forms as ingni are found later (cf. § 143).

157. broo, bró millstone, G. broon, brón, D. broin, Ac. broin n-; cú M. hound, G. con, D. coin, Ac. coin n, V. a chú; Pl. N. coin, G. con n-, D. conaib, Ac. cona.

158. Feminine abstract nouns in -tiu, -tu are declined like toimtiu; foisitiu confessio, ditiu protection, tichtu advent, aicsiu vision; also nóidiu child, Acc. Pl. (in Middle Irish) nóidenu (cf. § 143).

159. Like goba are declined gúala shoulder, bara anger, cuisle vein, Gen. cuislenn, uile elbow, Eriu F. Ireland (G. Érenn, D. Erinn), brú F. womb (G. bronn, brond, Dat. broind).

(e) Neuter nouns in man (nn).¦

160. Paradigm: ainm name.

161. In the same way are declined coirm beer, gairm shout, druimm back (Gen. drommo), maidm eruption, teidm pestis, senim sonitus, tochimm striding, ingrimm pursuing, tóthim, later tuitim fall.

162. The following have -enn in place of ann: béim, béimm blow, céimm step, léimm leap, réimm cursus, nominative plural bémen, cémenn.

163. In Old Irish only one n is often written (lémen) and in Middle Irish often nd for nn (anmand).

(ƒ) Neuter nouns in as and other stems in s.

164. Paradigm: teg, tech N. house.

f

165. In the same way are declined the Neuter nouns : nem heaven, leth side, mag plain, slab mountain, glend dale: dún castle and glún knee vary in the later language, G. dúne, D. dún, glún, N. Pl. dúine, N. Du. da prim-dún, da glún.

166. Comparatives in -iu, u (o) may be placed here, but they show no differences of case as they are only used in the nominative, Nom. Sg. and Pl. laigiu, lugu less, máo, móu greater, lia more.

167. mí, month, G. mis, D. mís, A. mís n-, Pl. N. G. mís n-, D. mísaib, A. mísa.

Isolated stems and stems difficult to class.

mís,

168. Bó cow (stem bó-, bov-), G. bou, bó, D. boin, A. boin n-, Pl. N. bai, ba, G. bó n-, D. buaib, A. bú; Du. N. di ba, D. dib m-buaib, A. di ba, dí boin.

169. die day (put under 8 stems in Zeuss, ed. II. p. 270), Acc. fri dei, de by day, with two cases used adverbially, in diu to-day, and dia followed by a genitive, e. g. dia brátha at doomsday.

170. gné form, glé resplendent, and the composite nouns to-gu, ro-gu choice, show no distinctions of case.