Structural Colors In The Realm Of NatureStructural colorations originate from self-organized microstructures, which interact with light in a complex way to produce brilliant colors seen everywhere in nature. Research in this field is extremely new and has been rapidly growing in the last 10 years, because the elaborate structures created in nature can now be fabricated through various types of nanotechnologies. Indeed, a fundamental book covering this field from biological, physical, and engineering viewpoints has long been expected.Coloring in nature comes mostly from inherent colors of materials, though it sometimes has a purely physical origin such as diffraction or interference of light. The latter, called structural color or iridescence, has long been a problem of scientific interest. Recently, structural colors have attracted great interest because various photonic architectures, now developing in modern technologies, have been spontaneously created in the self-organization process and have been extensively used as one of the important visual functions. In this book, the fundamental optical properties underlying structural colors are explained, and these mysteries of nature are surveyed from the viewpoint of biological diversity and according to their sophisticated structures. The book proposes a general principle of structural colors based on the structural hierarchy and presents up-to-date applications. |
Contents
1 | |
7 | |
3 Butterflies and Moths | 43 |
4 Beetles and Other Insects | 129 |
5 Birds | 161 |
6 Fish | 185 |
7 Plants | 199 |
8 Miscellaneous | 207 |
9 Mathematical Background | 215 |
Bibliography | 265 |
Appendix A | 287 |
Appendix B | 327 |
335 | |
345 | |
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Common terms and phrases
angular dependence band barbule beetle Biol Bl/H blue coloring calculated cell cholesteric liquid crystal chromatophores color change corneal cover scale cuticle diameter didius diffraction spots direction distributed dorsal Durrer electric field electron microscopic electron-dense elytron epicuticle exocuticle Family Subfamily Genus/species feather Ghiradella green ground scale helicoidal incident angle indices insects interface investigated iridescent iridophores keratin Kinoshita and Yoshioka lamellae lattice left-circular Lepidoptera Lycaeninae Lythgoe mechanisms melanin membrane microstructures monolayer Morpho butterflies moth multilayer interference nipples normal incidence p-polarization Papilio Parker pattern peak permittivity photonic crystal pigment plane Plate platelets polarization Proc R Soc Prum Rayleigh reflected light reflection band reflection spectrum refractive index region Reproduced rhetenor ridge rod-shaped melanin granules shelf structure shelves shown in Fig Soc Lond species spectra spongy structure structural colors sulkowskyi surface thickness thin thin-film interference tion trogon Troides Vukusic wave wavelength width Yoshioka and Kinoshita