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is a forgery of later date; Zeller on the Essenes as compared with Greek Asceticism

Philological Works.-The Frogs of Aristophanes, with a German translation and notes, by Herbart Pernice, of the University of Leipsick, in one vol. 212 pp. 14 thlr. In the "Latest Collection of Greek and Roman Classics, translated into German," now in the course of publication at Stuttgart, have appeared, Strabo's Geography, by A. Forbiger, vol. 1; Plutarch's Biographies, by Ed. Eyth, 4 vols.; Demosthenes, vol. 1, by A.. Westermann; Titus Livius, vol. 1, by F. D. Gerlach. F. Kramer, Cæsar's Commentaries, 8vo. 295 pp.

Gustavus Wolff, of Berlin, has published an edition of the Fragments of Porphyry on the "Philosophia ex Oraculis haurienda,” and an essay, "De novissima Oraculorum Ætate."-Eschylus, Agamemnon, interpreted by F. W. Schneidewin, Berlin.-Alciphronis Rhetoris Epistolæ, recens. Seiler Lips.-Hesiodi Theogonia, ad codicum fidem recensuit E. Gerhardius, 8vo. Berel.-The third edition of Schleiermacher's translation of Plato is in the course of publication; the first volume of the second part contains Gorgias, Theatetus, Menon and Eythydemos.-H. Bonitz is to edit all the works of Aristotle in Trübner's cheap Bibliotheca.-Adolph Kirchhofer has edited the first volume of Plotinus; it can be procured for 75 cents.

Among the MSS. which the notorious forger, Simonides, brought to Germany, was a Greek MS. of the Shepherd of Hermes, from the Cloister of Mt. Athos. This was edited by Anger and Dindorf. Another manuscript of the same, also copied in part by Simonides, has since been compared. The results, of value for this treatise, and for the early Christian literature, are given in Gersdorf's Leipsick Repertory, Aug. 1; and in W. Hollenberg, De Hermæ Pastoris codice Lipsiensi.

A selection from Herder's Correspondence is to be published in 3 vols., containing letters from Goethe, Schiller, Klopstock, Richter, Lavater, Jacobi and others.

Neander's History of Doctrines, edited by Prof. Jacobi, will soon be issued in 2 vols.

The first part of the fourth vol. of Boehringer's "Church History in Biographies," is entirely taken up with the Life of Wyckliffe, in a vol. of 643 pages.

Duesterdielk's Commentary on John's Epistles is now completed.— Neumann's Jeremiah is continued to the seventeenth chapter, which finishes the first volume.-Dr. G. Brecher, "Doctrine of Immortality among the Israelites."-Wiesinger, the first Epistle of Peter, is the sixth volume of the continuation of Olshausen's Commentary.

Dr. K. Hase, "The Jena Fichte-Book," is an account, documentary, of Fichte's conflicts and condemnation in Jena.

Dr. L. J. Rückert, "The Lord's Supper; its Nature and History in the Ancient Church." 8vo.

J. C. E. Buschmann, "The Kizh and Netela Languages of New California." 4to.

ENGLAND.

The English Works of John Gower, with a Life, by Dr. Pauli, and a Glossary, are announced for publication in three vols.; the text is founded on the edition by Berthelette, in 1532, collated with the Harleian MSS.

Other announcements are, a new work by Isaac Taylor, "The World' of Mind, an Elementary Book;" The Greek Text of Theocritus, with English notes, by E. H. Perowne, of Corpus Christi College; an Introduction to the Study of the Gospels, also an Introduction to the study of the Canonical Epistles, by Brooke Fosse Westcott; Professional Lectures on the Book of Psalms, delivered in the University of Cambridge, by W. H. Mill, D. D.; The Acts of the Apostles, with paraphrase and commentary, by John Smyth Purton, of Cambridge; an Exposition of the Articles of the Church of England, by Henry John Rose, Hulsean Lecturer, Cambridge; an Essay on the Existence and Attributes of Deity, by Edward Steere, LL. D., University College, London; E. J. Hood, Wordsworth, a Biography.

Nemesis Sacra: a Series of Inquiries, philological and critical, into the Scripture Doctrine of Retribution on Earth.

Rev. Dr. Giles has collected in one volume the "Heathen Records to the Jewish Scriptures," giving all the extracts from Greek and Latin writers in which Jews and Christians are mentioned, translated into English, with the original texts.

Dr. H. W. J. Thiersch's work on "The Christian Family Life," has been translated into English by J. R. Gardiner.

Thomas Wright is preparing "A History of France from the earliest Period to the present Time." The first part is published.

Mr. Bentley announces a series of Greek and Roman Classics, superintended by Mr. C. D. Yonge, for the use of schools and universities, in good style and at very low rates; Homer, 4 vols; Sophocles, 2; Lucretius and Horace are to be speedily issued.

Notes and Queries for Natural History and the kindred sciences, in imitation of the well-known work devoted to literature, are projected by Mr. H. G. Adams.

The eleventh volume of the new and improved edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica has been published at Edinburgh: it brings it down to Humboldt.

A new edition of B. Keach, "An Exposition of the Parables and express Similitudes of our Saviour," is published in one royal octavo volume.

A Catalogue of the MSS. of the University of Cambridge is to be published on a very complete plan, superseding Nasmith's, and rivalling the admirable Catalogue of Coxe for Oxford; Hardwick, Babington, Collett and others are engaged in the various departments: the first volume will soon be issued.

The Science of Mind; or, Pneumatology. Vol. i. pp. 312, 8vo.

J. D. Morell, The Modern Greek Philosophy, its Characteristics, Tendencies and Results. 12mo. pp. 93.

A. K. Forbes, Râs Malá, or, Hindoo Annals of the State of Goozerat. 2 vols. 8vo., with illustrations from drawings by the author. 1020 pp. A new edition of Passow's Greek Lexicon is to be published, edited by Riddle and White.

Thomas Greenwood, a barrister, has published the first volume of a work on the "Cathedra Petri, a political History of the great Latin Patriarchate;" it is to be in 5 vols. to the thirteenth century, and discusses the subject under its political aspects alone. This volume reaches, in two books, to the close of the fifth century.

C. M. Ingleby, "Outlines of Theoretical Logic, founded on the New Analytic of Sir William Hamilton," is intended to introduce the study into the University of Cambridge.

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Ages of Christendom before the Reformation," by Rev. John Stoughton, the Congregational Lecture for 1856, is soon to be published.

Professor H. P. Tappan's three works on the Will are to be republished in Glasgow, in ten parts, by Lang, Adamson & Co.

The Bampton Lectures before the University of Oxford, for 1856, by Rev. Edward Arthur Litton, have been published; they are upon the "Mosaic Dispensation considered as Introductory to Christianity." Mr. Litton's book on the Church, published a few years since, was of so high a character for learning and ability, that these Lectures may be presumed to treat the subject in a satisfactory manner.

The claims of woman seem to have found an advocate in the Rev. J. Watts Lethbridge, "Woman the Glory of the Man;" in four books, he shows the "Relations of her Physical, Social, Intellectual, Moral and Religious Superiority over Man."

The second part of Rev. S. C. Malan's Vindication of the Authorized Version of the English Bible, examines the translation of the words Bishop, Presbyter and Deacon; and the American revision of 1 John i. Samuel Sharpe has published, "Critical Notes on the Authorized Version."

NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS.

I. Sinai and Palestine in Connection with their History. By Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, M. A., Canon of Canterbury. With Maps and Plans. New York: Redfield. Philadelphia: W. S. & A. Martien and W. P. Hazard. 1857. pp. 535.

We are very much pleased with Stanley's Palestine. It may be regarded as supplementary to Robinson's Researches, but as occupying

quite a different field. Dr. Robinson, in accurate and extensive learning in regard to the Holy Land, may be considered as in advance of all English or American scholars. His topographical descriptions, too, are unrivalled. Mr. Stanley excels where Dr. Robinson fails-in proper descriptive power, in that graphic painting by which the scene is presented vividly to the fancy. Mr. Stanley well states his object-one that must have occurred to almost all of us as desirable-"to point out how much or how little the Bible gains by being seen, so to speak, through the eyes of the country, or the country by being seen through the eyes of the Bible; to exhibit the effect of the Holy Land' in the course of the 'Holy History.'"

This interesting object, kept constantly in view by Mr. Stanley, is well accomplished; and the work is accordingly meeting with general and deserved favor. We copy from one of the "heads" of the Preface, as a specimen :

It is impossible not to be struck by the constant agreement between the recorded history and the natural geography both of the Old and New Testament. To find a marked correspondence between the scenes of the Sinaitic mountains and the events of the Israelite wanderings is not much perhaps, but it is certainly something towards a proof of the truth of the whole narrative. To meet in the Gospels, allusions, transient but yet precise, to the localities of Palestine, inevitably suggests the conclusion of their early origin, while Palestine was still familiar and accessible, while the events themselves were still recent in the minds of the writers.† The detailed harmony between the life of Joshua and the various scenes of his battles, is a slight but true indication that we are dealing not with shadows, but with realities of flesh and blood. Such coincidences are not usually found in fables, least of all in fables of Eastern origin.

If it is important to find that the poetical imagery of the prophetical books is not to be measured by the rules of prose, it is not less important to find that the historical books do not require the latitude of poetry. Here and there, hyperbolical expressions may appear; but, as a general rule, their sobriety is evidenced by the actual scenes of Palestine, as clearly as that of Thucydides by the topography of Greece and Sicily. That the writers of the Old and New Testament should have been preserved from the extravagant statements made on these subjects by their Rabbinical countrymen, or even by Josephus, is, at least, a proof of the comparative calmness and elevation of spirit in which the Sacred books were composed. The copyists who, according to Origen, changed the name of "Bethabara" into "Bethania," or Gergesa" into "Gadara," because they thought only of the names most familiar to their ears, without remembering the actual position of the places, committed (if so be) the error into which the Evangelists were almost sure to have been betrayed had they composed their narratives in the second century, in some city of Asia Minor or Egypt. The impossible situations in numerous instances selected by the inventors of so-called traditional sanctuaries

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See Chapters IV. VII. XI.

§ It is said, for example, by Rabbinical authors, that Hebron could be seen from Jerusalem; that the music of the Temple could be heard at Jericho (Joma iii. 2, Tamid iii. 2); that the superficial area of Palestine is 1,440,000 English square miles. (Scwarze, p. 30.) In Josephus may be instanced the exaggerated descriptions of the precipices round Jerusalem. (Ant. XV. ii. 5.)

See Chapters VII. and X.

or scenes, from the fourth century downwards-at Nazareth,* at Tabor,† on Olivet, at the Jordan-are so many testimonies to the authenticity of the Evangelical narratives, which have in every case avoided the natural snares into which their successors have fallen.

This kind of proof will have a different kind of value in the eyes of different persons. To some, the amount of testimony thus rendered will appear either superfluous or trivial; to others, the mere attempt to define sacred history by natural localities and phenomena will seem derogatory to their ideal or divine character. But it will, at least, be granted that this evidence is, so far as it goes, incontestable. Wherever a story, a character, an event, a book, is involved in the conditions of a spot or scene still in existence, there is an element of fact which no theory or interpretation can dissolve. 'If these should hold their peace, the stones would immediately cry out.' This testimony may even be more important when it explains, than when it refuses to explain, the peculiar characteristics of the history. If, for example, the aspect of the ground should, in any case, indicate that some of the great wonders in the history of the Chosen People were wrought through means which, in modern language, would be called natural, we must remember that such a discovery is, is fact, an indirect proof of the general truth of the narrative. We cannot call from the contemporary world of man any witnesses to the passage of the Red Sea, or to the overthrow of the cities of the plain, or to the passage of the Jordan. So much the more welcome are any witnesses from the world of nature, to testify on the spot to the mode in which the events are described to have occurred; witnesses the more credible, because their very existence was unknown to those by whom the occurrences in question were described. Some change may thus be needful in our mode of conceiving the events. But we shall gain more than we shall lose. Their moral and spiritual lessons will remain unaltered: the frame-work of their outward form will receive the only confirmation of which the circumstances of the case can now admit.

As an example of Mr. Stanley's descriptive power, we quote his view of the Statues at Thebes:

COLOSSAL STATUES OF THEBES.

No written account has given me an adequate impression of the effect, past and present, of the colossal figures of the Kings. What spires are to a modern city,-what the towers of a cathedral are to its nave and choir, that the statues of the Pharaohs were to the streets and temples of Thebes. The ground is strewed with their fragments: there were avenues of them towering high above plain and houses. Three of gigantic size still remain. One was the granite statue of Rameses himself, who sate on the right side of the entrance to his palace. By some extraordinary catastrophe, the statue has been thrown down, and the Arabs have scooped their millstones out of his face, but you can still see what he was, -the largest statue in the world. Far and wide that enormous head must have been seen, eyes, mouth, and ears. Far and wide you must have seen his vast hands resting on his elephantine knees. You sit on his breast and look at the Osiride statues which support the portico of the temple, and which anywhere else would put to shame even the statues of the cherubs in St. Peter's-and they seem pigmies before him. His arm is thicker than their whole bodies. The only part of the temple or palace at all in

*See Chapter X.

See Chapters III. and XIV.

See Chapter IX. § See Chapter VII.

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