IV. MOVEMENT OF THE POPULATION. The ratio of births and deaths in British India per thousand of the popu lation under registration is officially recorded as follows: 1 The rates for the two years are calculated on the 1911 census population. The registered deaths in 1920 numbered 7,355,654, of which cholera accounted for 130,140; plague, 99,368: fevers, 4,931,202; dysentery and diarrhoea, 218,734. The total deaths from plague in all India (British and native) from 1896 to the end of 1920 exceeded 10 millions, averaging nearly half a million per year. The number of coolie emigrants from India was in 1915-16, 4,290; in 1916-17, 6,339; in 1917-18, 869. The bulk went to Demerara, Trinidad, Jamaica, Fiji, and Surinam. The emigration of unskilled labour has been prohibited, and it has been decided not to revive indentured emigration. The question of the introduction of a system of assisted emigration is under consideration. V. PRINCIPAL TOWNS. The urban population of India in 1911 was as follows: : AREA AND POPULATION 131 The population (1921) of the principal towns of India was as follows: Lahore Population 114,196 Hubli1 61,440 83,932 Moulmein 1 57,582 215,781 Ambala 76,497 Fyzábád 54,655 213,044 Hyderabad1 199,493 (Bombay) 185,946 Imphal1 74,650 Conjeeveram1 53,864 176,671 Jodhpur. 73,480 Cuttack 1 52,528 160,409 Rámpur. 155,970 Shahjahanpur 1 149,522 Jhansi1. 147,429 Bikaner 141,631 Jullundur1 138,894 Bhagalpur 127,939 Gaya 122,567 Sialkot1. 120,196 Aligarh (Koil) 120,109 Kumbakonam 1 119,521 Trivandrum 1. 118,299 Saharanpur 1 117,304 Darbhanga1 1 Population in 1911. 68,833 Coimbatore 1 67,759 Patiala 1. 64,869 Lashkar1 64,825 Jamnagar1 64,647 Alwar 63,561 Bellary 1 62,850 Mirzapur1 62,628 2 Includes Civil and Military Station. 69,318 Kolhapur Of the Christians the following are the chief sub-divisions (1911 census): The following statistics are those of the census of 1911 : 1 This number falls short of the total population of British India by 1,739,315 persons enumerated in tracts where literacy was not recorded. The persons with a knowledge of English numbered 1.7 millions. Educational institutions in India are of two classes :-(a) those in which the course of study conforms to the standards prescribed by the Department of Public Instruction or by the Universities, and either undergo inspection by the Department, or regularly present pupils at the public examinations held by the Department or Universities. These institutions are called "Public," but may be under public or private management. (b) Those that do not fulfil these conditions. These are called "Private.' As regards public institutions, the system of education operates, in general, through (i) the Primary Schools, which aim at teaching, through the vernacular languages, reading, writing, and other elementary knowledge; (ii) the Secondary Schools, in which the instruction does not go beyond the matriculation or school-leaving certificate standard. The schools are divided into English or vernacular, and also into high and middle schools; (iii) the Colleges, the students in which, having passed matriculation, are reading for a degree. The colleges are affiliated to six federal universities-Calcutta, Madras, Bombay, the Punjab, Allahabad, and Patna. There are also three unitary teaching and residential universities-Dacca, Lucknow and Rangoon ; two denominational universities-the Hindu University at Benares, and the Muslim University at Aligarh; and two universities in Indian States--Mysore and Hyderabad (Deccan). Some statistics for the universities in 1920 are given in the following table : Number of Candidates for Examinations in 1920 in (a) No examinations in M.Sc. or B.Sc. or I.Sc. NOTE. Candidates from Indian States and Ceylon are not included in the above table. There are in addition, various institutions of a special character, such as technical schools teaching arts and industries, engineering, &c.; law schools; medical schools and colleges; and training colleges and normal schools for the training of teachers. The following table gives the number of institutions and scholars in 1919-20 in British India, including Ajmer-Merwara, British Baluchistan, and Civil and Military Station of Bangalore : The "special" schools include (1919-20) 948 training schools for masters, with 22,100 scholars; 118 for mistresses, with 3,300 scholars; 9 schools of art, with 1,400 scholars; 1 law school, with 71 scholars; 27 medical schools with 5,000 scholars; 17 engineering and surveying schools, with 1,300 scholars; 269 technical and industrial schools, with 13,000 scholars; 77 commercial schools, with 5,400 scholars; 20 agricultural schools with 420 scholars; 6 reformatory schools with 1,245 scholars; and 2,598 other schools with 78,400 scholars. The following table shows the number of institutions and scholars, and expenditure on public education, in the several provinces in 1919-20: The following was the educational expenditure for "public" institutions |