Violent Conjunctures in Democratic IndiaThis book is a pioneering study of when and why Hindu Nationalists have engaged in discrimination and violence against minorities in contemporary India. Amrita Basu asks why the incidence and severity of violence differs significantly across Indian states, within states, and through time. Contrary to many predictions, the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has neither consistently engaged in anti-minority violence nor been compelled by the centrifugal pressures of democracy to become a centrist party. Rather, the national BJP has alternated between moderation and militancy. Hindu nationalist violence has been conjunctural, determined by relations among its own party, social movement organization, and state governments, and on the character of opposition states, parties and movements. This study accords particular importance to the role of social movements in precipitating anti-minority violence. It calls for a broader understanding of social movements and a greater appreciation of their relationship to political parties. |
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Contents
Dialectics of States Parties and Movements | 27 |
Disrupting PartyMovement Boundaries | 52 |
Globalized Markets and Sacred Spaces | 83 |
A Tale of Two Towns | 115 |
The Perfect Storm | 162 |
Movements and Countermovements | 203 |
The Party Rules | 234 |
Two Phases of PartyMovement Relations | 262 |
Conclusion | 294 |
309 | |
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Accessed July Accessed June 30 activities Advani Ahmedabad anti-Muslim attacks Ayodhya Ayodhya movement Bajrang Balmikis Bharatiya Bijnor BJP government BJP leaders BJP’s chief minister Christians civil society claimed coalition committed Congress Party dalits Delhi Democracy district economic electoral engaged factionalism government’s groups Gujarat Gujjars Hindu nationalism Hindu nationalist Hindutva Hindutva activists identities ideological India Indian Express Interview Jaipur Jan Sangh Janata Party Jats Kalyan Singh Khan Khurja killed lower-caste Mayawati ment militant MLAs mobilized Modi’s mosque Mulayam Singh Mulayam Singh Yadav municipal council Muslims Narendra Modi NDA government NGOs November OBCs October opposed organized parties and movements Party’s Patel People’s percent police political parties president protest Rajasthan Raje religious reported riots Sangh Parivar Scheduled Castes seats Shanta Kumar Shekhawat Shimla social movements state’s temple in Ayodhya tion tribals University Press upper-caste Uttar Pradesh VHP’s vote women Yadav yatra