THE LAW OF TORTS: ED APS A TREATISE ON THE PRINCIPLES OF OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM CIVIL TO WHICH IS ADDED THE DRAFT OF A CODE OF CIVIL WRONGS PREPARED FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA. BY SIR FREDERICK POLLOCK, BART., D.C.L. OF LINCOLN'S INN, BARRISTER-AT-LAW CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTE of eraice; PAST FELLOW OF TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE; HONORARY FELLOW OF CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE, 6XFORD; AND Author of "Principles of Contract," "A Digest of the Law of Fartnership," &c. STEVENS AND SONS, LIMITED, Law Publishers. TO THE MEMORY OF THE RIGHT HONOURABLE SIR JAMES SHAW WILLES, KNT. SOMETIME A JUSTICE OF THE COMMON BENCH, A MAN COURTEOUS AND ACCOMPLISHED, A JUDGE WISE AND VALIANT: AND TO MY FRIEND OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES, AN ASSOCIATE JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. ADVERTISEMENT TO THE EIGHTH EDITION. SINCE the last edition was published there have not been many decisions of great general importance in this department of the law, but the Legislature has thought fit, by the Trade Disputes Act, 1906, to confer extraordinary inmunities on combinations both of employers and of workmen, and to some extent on persons acting in their interests. Legal science has evidently nothing to do with this violent empirical operation on the body politic, and we can only look to jurisdictions beyond seas for the further judicial consideration of the problems which our Courts were endeavouring (it is submitted, not without a reasonable measure of success) to work out on principles of legal justice. The Court of Appeal has decided that, when the defence of fair comment is set up in an |