Visits were made to the camp daily, except on Sundays. A picnic barge collected the children early in the morning and carried them out for the day. A cook and an experienced nurse, who served both as nurse and teacher, were employed to accompany the patients.

The primary object of the endeavor was to promote outdoor rest, recreation, and good feeling, but nature study was encouraged and books from the public library were supplied.

Of the success of the work Supt. Arthur A. Wordell, of the Brookline Friendly Society, writes:

Seven of the children appear to have the progress of their disease entirely arrested, and with one exception all gained in weight and general condition. OPEN-AIR SCHOOL FOR TUBERCULAR CHILDREN AT PITTSBURG.

The Tuberculosis League of Pittsburg, Pa., is maintaining an openair school for the children in the hospital for tuberculosis who are well enough to go to school from one to five hours per day. There are 10 children in the school, which is conducted on one of the open verandas of the hospital. A new building has been promised by the Hebrew Benevolent Society which will accommodate 30 children. The teacher for the school is paid by the Civic Club and by private endeavors.

COURSE IN SANITARY SCIENCE AT COLUMBIA.

President Butler, of Columbia University, has appointed a committee of 12 members to consider the establishment of a school of sanitary science and public health. While plans for the school are in course of development the committee deemed it advisable to inaugurate the movement by an introductory course of lectures on the topics that would be included in the school. The course was inaugurated during the second term of the academic year 1908–9. (Columbia University Quarterly, March, 1909, p. 213.)

COURSE IN GENERAL HYGIENE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN.

The prevention of disease among students in the university is the prime aim of the new course of study on general hygiene which has just been announced for the second semester, beginning February 23. The relation of the mind to health, the care of the nervous system, infectious diseases and antitoxins, the effects of drugs, alcohol, and tobacco, food supplies and their adulteration, exercise and health, water and milk supply, and a series of similar subjects are to be discussed for the benefit of the students in weekly lectures by members of the faculty from the college of medicine, department of bacteriology, physical training department, and chemistry department.

9228-ED 1909-VOL 1-15

Prof. William Thompson Sedgwick, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, will give two lectures in this course on air supply and ventilation and on water supply and water purification. (University Bulletin, February, 1909.)

underfed CHILDREN IN CHICAGO.

The problem of underfed school children, which has engaged educational thought in large European cities for a quarter of a century or more, has recently forced itself upon the attention of school authorities in some of our American centers of population, notably New York and Chicago. In the latter city a special committee was appointed to investigate conditions among indigent school children and to report the results of their investigations to the school board. Pursuant to such appointment, reports and opinions were submitted in October, 1908. The superintendent of compulsory education, at the time of making his statement, estimated the number of underfed children in the city at 15,000.

In the opinion of the attorney of the board of education, money appropriated for school purposes can not be expended for food, however necessitous the case. Accordingly it was decided to cooperate with charitable organizations by using the truant-officer force and other agencies of the school system to find out and report needy cases. Basement rooms in school buildings and other suitable places have been fitted up in some of the poorer districts, and charity workers have furnished free breakfasts and lunches to many hungry children. In this way a double purpose has been served-the needy child's hunger has been appeased and increased efficiency in its school work has been secured.

XVIII. PLAYGROUNDS.

Chicago. The Playground Association of Chicago will hold the third annual Chicago play festival on Chicago Day, Saturday, October 9, 1909. There will be three sessions-10 a. m., 2 p. m., and 7 p. m. At the morning session kindergarten and younger school children will take part; at the afternoon session older children and younger people will present games and playground activities. At the evening session, as principal events in a varied programme, young people and adults will contribute gymnastic, national, and folk dances and games.

The participants will come from playgrounds, schools, social settlements, turner societies, and other organizations interested in play

and recreation. Many of the national dances will be given by immigrant groups in costume.

The 1908 festival had about 2,000 participants and an attendance for the day of 30,000, including many visitors from other cities. The occasion, to which everyone is freely welcome, is rapidly becoming a great yearly civic event in the life of Chicago.

nues.

Indiana.-An act of the legislature of Indiana, dated March 5, 1909, authorizes the board of school trustees or commissioners in cities of the first, second, third, and fourth class to establish, equip, and maintain public playground or playgrounds, to be used by the public during the summer-vacation period. Use may be made of school grounds and buildings, and the boards are authorized to purchase or lease additional grounds for the purpose out of the school reveThe compensation of directors of playgrounds and their assistants shall be paid out of the school revenues. In cities having a board of park commissioners the duties respecting playgrounds shall devolve upon a playground commission consisting of five members, two of whom shall be members of the board of school commissioners or selected by such board, two shall be members of the board of park commissioners or designated by such board, and one shall be appointed by the mayor. The board of park commissioners is authorized to contribute toward the expense of establishing, maintaining, and equipping playgrounds.

For an account of the Third Annual Congress of the Playground Association of America see page 79.

XIX. COMPULSORY EDUCATION AND CHILD LABOR LAWS.

Statutory provisions relating to compulsory attendance and child labor.

District of Columbia.

Unlawful to employ children under 14
during school hours unless they have
complied with the school-attendance
law; under 16, unable to read and
write, unless attending day or night
school.

Children under 14 may not be employed
while school is in session. Children 14
to 16 can not leave school to be em-
ployed, unless their education is satis-
factory to the local or state school
board.

No child 14 to 16 may be so employed, un-
less he has attended day or night school
12 weeks the preceding year.

Children under 14 may not do any work
for wages during school hours; nor
under 16 in preceding employments,
unless can read and write, and attended
school 130 days preceding year.

Illinois.

€ 7-16

Not over $300 or imprisonment
not over 6 months, or both.

Full term, to be not less than $5 to $20 and costs, and stand 6 months.

committed until paid.

$5 to $25, and, in discretion of
court, imprisonment 2 to 90
days.

16 consecutive weeks; first and $3 to $20.
second class city boards may
require full term.

Kansas

f8-15 Full terms..

$5 to $25..

Children under 15 may not be em-
ployed more than 60 days without
consent of legal guardian.
10 years, in or about any manufactur-
ing establishment; 12 years after
Jan. 1, 1907, except for support of
self or parents in specified cases.

8 consecutive weeks; full term in First, $5 to $20; subsequent, $10 14 years, in any mine, workshop, faccities of first, second, third, and fourth classes.

Maine.

7-15

Full term

a To 16, if unable to read and write English.

to $50.

Not exceeding $25, or imprison-
ment not exceeding 30 days.

b Children 14 to 16 whose labor is necessary to their own or parents' support are excused.
Not applicable to children over 14 lawfully employed to labor at home or elsewhere.
d Except children over 14 who have completed eighth grade, or have to support them-
selves or parents, or have other good cause to be exempt.

tory, store, office, hotel, as messen-
ger, etc.

Under 14 may not be employed in any
way during school hours. No minor
under 16 may work in a coal mine un-
less he can read and write and has
attended school 3 months in the year.
Under 14 may not be employed in any
way during school term; nor from 14 to
16 in stated occupations unless can read
and write, and attended school 100 days
preceding year.
Children under 14 may not be employed
in foregoing employments, nor in cloth-
ing, dressmaking, or millinery estab-
lishments, unless they have attended
school 4 months in preceding year.
Children under 15 shall not be employed
in any manufacturing or mechanical
establishment, except during vaca-
tion, unless they have attended school
16 weeks during preceding year.

e Children 14 to 16 necessarily and lawfully employed are exempt. ƒ Inclusive.

98 weeks for children over 14 who can read and write English and are at work to support themselves or others.