it does not institute a comparison of the system reviewed, directly with the Scriptures. The author must not be understood as countenancing, by this omission, the idea that there can be any approach to a final settlement of Christian truth, short of a direct appeal to the Inspired Word. But all objects cannot be embraced at once. Sometimes, the recalling of the doctrine of the Church, at some particular period, may be of more benefit, for a special purpose, that even the exposition of the Scriptures. To recal the great principles of the Reformation, as illustrated by a comparison with those of the Church of Rome, and the Romanising Divinity here considered, seemed to the author to be the precise desideratum at the present juncture, and of dimensions sufficient to occupy a volume by itself. He is fully persuaded that with a truly Protestant communion the most direct refutation of this system is itself. Only let it be displayed "without reserve," let that which has been brought before the public so skilfully and reservedly, so by heterogeneous parts, that it required the skill of a professional anatomist to find out their several places in the body, and to form, from them, any accurate idea of the whole frame-work, only let it be set up and seen in its own proper aspect; its several members and joints, and dependencies, and connections, and humors, and issues, and appetencies-all presented! Its work then is done. Its day is ended. The Protestant Church is too much alive to the truth that Popery is the Antichrist, "that Man of Sin," revealed in the Scriptures, "who opposeth and exalteth himself above all that is called God, or that is worshipped," and that "there is no society of Christians in the world, where Antinomianism and Libertinism more reign, than among the Papists, with whose very faith they are interwoven,"* not to be turned away, in entire rejection, from a system which, as will be shown in this volume, is nothing else than Popery restrained.

* Bull's Works, by Nelson, Sermon I.

Introductory Remarks-The Tracts for the Times before the publication of Dr. Pusey's Letter-Effect of that Letter-Convictions of the present AuthorReasons for this publication-The doctrine of Justification selected, as that by which the Romanism of the new Oxford Divinity may be most thoroughly triedThat this was the great point with the Reformers, shown from Hooker, &c.— Three presumptive objections to the charge of Romanism, from the character of Oxford Divines, removed-The views of the writer as to the designs and snares of Satan, 37

СНАРТER I1.

STATEMENTS PREPARATORY TO THE RIGHT ESTIMATION OF THIS SYSTEM AS TO THE DOCTRINE OF JUSTIFICATION.

Professions of Oxford Divines concerning the conformity of their doctrine with that of the Church of England-Their account of Ultra-Protestantism-The identity of their system with that of Alexander Knox-The condemnation of the latter, as Romish and dangerous, by certain eminent divines, of diverse schools in the Church of England, before its development, at Oxford, had excited any special notice,

53

CHAPTER III.

THE DOCTRINE OF THIS DIVINITY AS TO THe righteousnESS OF JUSTIFICATION, EXHIbited.

To set forth the precise doctrine of this divinity, as to the way of Justification, the object of this chapter.-The main question of Hooker, as to the Romish doctrine, adopted here-The great point of enquiry stated-The Scriptural use of the word Justification-Two kinds of righteousness, asserted by Hooker, Beveridge, Andrews--Only one by this system-This opens the door to the divinity of Oxford, as well as that of Rome-That one righteousness, made identical with Sanctific?tion-What is meant in this divinity by Imputation, Accounted, &c.-Extended proof that it makes Sanctification the same as Justification-The position in which it puts the cross of Christ-The use it makes of the merits and passion of Christ-Its effect upon the consolations of the believer-Singular effort to escape from being identified with Romanism, by denying what was be asserted as to Sanctification and Justification being essentially one-The sërë in Mr. Knox-This doctrine shown in Osiander-Conclu ting observation.

T

CHAPTER IV.

THE DOCTRINE OF THIS DIVINITY, AS TO THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF JUSTIFICATION, COMPARED WITH THAT OF THE SCHOOLMEN.

The

Origin of the Romish doctrine of Justification in the self-righteousness of the human heart-Advance until the age of the schoolmen-The origin of Scholastic Theology-Character of the Schoolmen-Fitness of the age for the rapid growth of error-The corruptions of Romanism which were matured in that age. seven sacraments-Sacramental Confession-Transubstantiation-Half Communion-Image worship-Purgatory-Indulgences-The same age, as was to be expected, gave birth to the Romish doctrine of Justification-Connection between the Schoolmen and the divines of Trent-Three propositions to show the identity of the doctrine of this system with that of the Schoolmen-Similar tendencies-Concluding remarks-Note, showing the resemblance between this doctrine and that of the early Quakers.

98

CHAPTER V.

RIGHTEOUSNESS

THE DOCTRINE OF THIS DIVINITY, AS TO THE
COMPARED WITH THAT OF THE COUNCIL OF TRENT.

OF JUSTIFICATION,

Recapitulation-Language of the Council of Trent-State of the Question at the Reformation, and now, from Chemnitz, Jackson, Hall, Usher, HookerHoliness required at least as much by Protestants as Romanists-Tractarian interpretation of single passages of Scripture, compared with those of Romish divines-Three particulars in which Oxford divines claim to be regarded as not conformed to Romanism-These considered, and shown, to make such conformity only the more obvious-The vindication drawn from the Romish claim of merit, answered-Hooker's argument against the Romish doctrine of merit shown to be applicable, in the same way, to this system-Concluding remarks.

117

CHAPTER VI.

THE DOCTRINE OF THIS DIVINITY, AS TO THE NATURE AND OFFICE OF JUSTIFYING FAITH, EXHIBITED, AND COMPARED WITH THAT OF THE ROMISH CHURCH.

The influence of the doctrine of Justification, whether true or false, upon the body of divinity in general-The sameness of the Oxford Doctrine and that of Rome, tested by the sameness of influence upon connected and subordinate doctrinesThis, first exhibited as to the doctrine of Justifying Faith-The doctrine of Faith, as held in the Romish Church, stated in six propositions-The doctrine of this system stated in comparison, under the same propositions, showing the nature and office of Faith, before Baptism, in Baptism, and after Baptism-The

profession of making Faith the sole internal instrument of Justification examined and shown to be without any reality-Justification by Faith, in this system, nothing but Justification by Christianity-A rebuke from Bishop Beveridge.

142

CHAPTER VII.

THE DOCTRINE OF THIS DIVINITY, AS TO THE OFFICE AND EFFICACY OF THE SACRAMENTS, ESPECIALLY OF BAPTISM, COMPARED WITH THAT OF THE ROMISH CHURCH.

Tendency of all such principles as that of Justification in this divinity, to magnify external ceremonies, and ultimately to make all religion consist in them--This tendency prominent in regard to the Sacraments-Baptismal Justification similarly held by the Romish Church and the divines of Oxford-The opus operatum of Baptism held alike by both-Effect of this, the same in both, in keeping out of view the truth, that the Sacraments are signs, and identifying the visible sign with the invisible grace—The tendency of transubstantiation in this divinity, explained from the same cause-The false and injurious comparison between the spiritual nature of the Sacraments of the Old and New Testaments, resulting alike from Romish and Tractarian divinity,-Extract from Jeremy Taylor-Limbus Patrum-Bishop Burnet on Sacramental Justification.

163

CHAPTER VIII.

THE DOCTRINE OF THIS DIVINITY FURTHER EXHIBITED BY ITS EFFECTS UPON OTHER DOCTRINES AND PARTS OF CHRISTIANITY.

Effects upon the doctrine of Original Sin; Testimony of Jackson to the Peculiar Romanism of these results-Sin after Baptism-Mortal and Venial Sins-Tendencies of Oxford Divinity to the doctrine of Purgatory-to Prayers for the Dead-Invocation of Saints-Transubstantiation-Working of Miracles-Aricular Confession-Extreme Unction-Anointing at Baptism and Confirmation-Additional matters of Restoration contemplated-Sacramental character of Marriage countenanced-Use of Romish Prayer Books and Rules of Fasting-Favor to Image-Worship—Christian Holiness-Tradition; Why this topic reserved to the last-Extracts from the late Charge of Bishop Wilson. 180

CHAPTER IX.

THE DOCTRINE OF THIS DIVINITY, AS TO THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF JUSTIFICATION, AND THE NATURE and office OF FAITH, COMPARED WITH THAT OF THE ANGLICAN CHURCH.

Matter of mortification that such comparison is necessary-A general account of the doctrinal standards of the Anglican Church-Statement of the questions investigated in this Chapter-Arguments from the assertion of Dr. Pusey that

the Article, of Justification says nothing of what Justification consists in-The Articles xi., xii., and xiii.-Exposition of the xi. from the language of its Authors -elsewhere-From its own peculiar precision as to the office of faith-Homilies quoted and expounded-Seven difficulties into which the Oxford doctrines are brought by the language of the Articles and Homilies-Each made use of as an evidence against the consistency of that Divinity with that of the Anglican Church. 237

CHAPTFR X.

THE DOCTRINE OF THIS DIVINITY, AS TO BAPTISMAL JUSTIFICATION, COMPARED WITH THAT OF THE ANGLICAN CHURCH.

Recapitulation of Tractarian and Romish Doctrines-Difference between remission of Original Sin as held by the Anglican Church, and by the Oxford DivinesTestimony of Jackson-Baptismal Justification of Adults—A priori reason for believing that the Anglican and Oxford doctrine are diverse on this headSilence of the Articles and Homilies unaccountable if the Oxford doctrine were that of the Church. Language of the Articles and Homilies irreconcileable with the Oxford doctrine-Language of Scripture, Fathers, English divines needs explanation-Evidence of necessity of other interpretation than this system gives-Barrow--Beveridge-Hooper-Frith-Hooker-Hall-Homilies-UsherBeveridge Inconsistencies in English divines, according to the Oxford Interpretation-Barrow-Hooker-St. Bernard-Jewel. Inconsistencies of Augustine and other Fathers according to the Oxford doctrine-True doctrine shown from Bishops Hooper, Beveridge, and Taylor-Mode of Interpreting the strong language of the old divines, &c.-Bishop Bethell's mode rejected as too lowStrange inconsistencies of Oxford divines-Mode of interpretation illustrated from Augustine, Jewel, from language of Hooker, &c.-Concerning the membership of infants in the Church before Baptism; common language concerning a call to the ministry, and language of Scripture as to the baptism of Christ-further illustration from common law-terms-application to language of Nowell's Catechism-Passages from Whitgift, and Dr. Haddon-Concluding Observations.

- 271

CHAPTER XI.

THE DOCTRINE OF THIS DIVINITY AS TO THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF JUSTIFICATION AND THB OFFICE OF FAITH, COMPARED WITH THAT OF STANDARD DIVINES OF THE ANGLICAN CHURCH.

Majorities in such a question of no avail-Laud's testimony-Divines of the 17th Century especially relied on by the Oxford writers.-The same mainly em ployed in this Chapter-Testimony of Oxford writers to the eminent authority of Hooker-His views acknowledged to be in entire opposition to those of this divinity on Justification-Force of the confession-Singular attempt to escape its force-Citations from Hooker-Tyndale-Barnes-Cranmer-Bishop Hooper-Bishop Latimer-Edward VI. Catechism-Confession of Martyrs and