cal pamphlets and letters, between 1774 and 1791, and many were published posthumously. A complete collection is the Works and Correspondence' (8 vols.), London, 1852.] Posthumous: Correspondence with Dr. Laurence, 1827; 'Letters, 174497' (4 vols.), 1844; 'Speeches, with Memoir,' 1854; 'Letters, Speeches, and Tracts on Irish Affairs,' 1881. Collected Works in 8 vols., 17921827; in 8 vols., 1852. Life by MacCormick, 1798; by Bisset, 1798; by Sir James Prior, 5th edn. 1854; by MacKnight, 1858; by Morley (English Men of Letters series), 1879. BURNET (Gilbert), Bishop of Salisbury. 1643-1715. Born, in Edinburgh, 18 Sept. 1643. To Marischal Coll., Aberdeen, 1653; M.A., 1657. Studied theology. Probationer for Presbyterian Ministry, 1661. Visited English Universities, 1663. Travelled in Holland and France, 1664; spent some time at Court on return. F.R.S., 1664. Inducted to living of Saltoun, 29 Jan. 1665. Clerk of Presbytery of Haddington, May 1667. Prof. of Divinity, Glasgow Univ., 1669; resigned living of Saltoun. To London, 1671. Returned to Glasgow and married Lady Margaret Kennedy, 1672. To London, 1673. Chaplain to King, 1673-74. Chaplain to Rolls Chapel, 1675-84. In France, Sept. to Oct., 1683. Wife died, 1684. In France, Italy, and Holland, 1685. 87. In favour at Court of William of Orange. Married Mary Scott, 25 May 1687. Returned to England with William of Orange, Nov. 1687. Bishop of Salisbury, 1688. Second wife died, 1698; married Mrs. Elizabeth Berkeley same year. Appointed Governor to Duke of Gloucester, 1698. Active part in ecclesiastical politics. Died, in London, 7 March, 1715; buried in St. James's Church, Clerkenwell. Works: [A complete list in 1823 edn. of his 'History of his Own Times.'] Chief works : Discourse on Sir Robert Fletcher of Saltoun,' 1665; 'Conference between a Conformist and a Nonconformist,' 1669; 'Vindication of the Authority. . . of Church and State of Scotland,' 1673; 'The Mystery of Iniquity Unveiled,' 1673; 'Rome's Glory,' 1673; 'Memories of James and William, Dukes of Hamilton, 1852; History of the Reformation,' vol. i., 1679; vol. ii., 1681; vol. iii., 1714; 'Some Passages in the Life and Death of John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester,' 1680; 'News from France,' 1682; Life and Death of Sir Matthew Hale,' 1682; Life of Bishop Bedell,' 1685; Essay on the Memory of Queen Mary,' 1695; 'Exposition of the Collection of Tracts and Discourses,' Thirty Nine Articles,' 1699; ‘A 1704; Exposition of the Church Catechism,' 1710; 'Speech on the Impeachment of Sacheverell,' 1710. Times,' with life (2 vols.), 1723-34. Posthumous: History of his Own Or BURNEY (Charles), 1726-1814. Born, at Shrewsbury, 12 April 1726. Educated at Free School, Chester. To Shrewsbury, to study music, 1741 [?]. Articled as pupil to Dr. Arne, 1744; with him in London, 1744-47. Taken under patronage of Fulke Greville, 1747. Taught and composed music. Married Esther Sleepe, 1749. ganist of St. Dionis, Backchurch, 1749. Mem. of Roy. Soc. of Musicians, 3 Dec. 1749. Organist of Lynn Regis, 1751-60. Returned to London, 1760. Wife died, 1761. Married (privately) Mrs. Stephen Allen, 1767. Mus. Doc. degree, Oxford, June 1769. Travelled on Continent, 1770 and 1772. F.R.S., 1773. Organist of Chelsea Hospital, 1783. Literary Club, 1784. Mem. of Contrib. to Second Contrib. to Monthly Review,' 1790-93. wife died, Oct. 1796. Rees's Encyclopædia,' 1800 - 05. Crown pension granted, 1806. Foreign Member of Institut de France, 1810. Died, at Chelsea, 12 April 1814; buried in churchyard of Chelsea Hospital. Works: Essay towards the History of the principal Comets, etc.' (anon.) BURNEY-BURNS 1769; "The Present State of Music in France and Italy,' 1771; "The Present State of Music in Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Provinces,' 1773; History of Music,' vol. i., 1776; vol. ii., 1782; vols. iii., iv., 1789; 'Account of an Infant Musician,' 1779; 'An Account of the Musical Performances. in 1784 in Commemoration of Handel,' 1785; 'Memoir of the Life and Writings of Metastasio' (3 vols.), 1796. Life by his daughter Frances, 1832. BURNEY (Frances), [Madame D'Arblay,] 1752-1840. [Daughter of preceding.] Born, at King's Lynn, 13 June 1752. Family removed to London, 1760. Mother died, 1761. Father married again, 1766. No regular education. Began early to write stories, plays, poems, First novel pub. anonymously, Jan. 1778. Intimacy with Mrs. Thrale, Dr. Johnson, Sheridan, Burke, etc. Appointed Second Keeper of Robes to Queen, 17 July 1786. etc. Bad health; 41 Works: Evelina' (anon.), 1778; 'Cecilia' (anon.), 1782; ' Brief Reflections relative to the French Emigrant Clergy' (anon.), 1793; 'Camilla,' 1796; 'The Wanderer,' 1814; 'Memoirs of Dr. Burney,' 1832. Posthumous: 'Diary and Letters' (7 vols.), 1842-46. *BURNS (Robert), 1759-1796. Born at Alloway, 25 Jan. 1759. To school at Alloway Mill, 1764. Then to school set up by his father, under John Murdoch. At Dalrymple Parish School, 1772; for short time with Murdoch at Ayr, summer of 1773. Did farm-work for father at Mount Oliphant, near Alloway. Wrote first poem, 1775. To Ballochneil, to study surveying, summer of 1777. Returned to Lochlea, Tarbolton, where father had taken a farm. Became freemason, 1781. To Irvine, to enter mercantile life, 1781. Shop burnt, Jan. 1782. death started farm at Mossgiel, near Returned to Lochlea. At father's Mauchline, with brother Gilbert, 1784. 86. То retired, 7 July 1791, with pension of Offer of marriage rejected by her. £100 a year. Travelled in England. Poems published, to raise passage Made acquaintance of Gen. D'Arblay money for emigration to East Indies, at Mickleham, where her sister lived. July 1786. Mary Campbell promised Married to him, 31 July 1793. Settled to accompany him, but died Oct. 1786. at Bookham, near Norbury. Tragedy, Emigration scheme abandoned. Edwy and Elvina,' performed at Edinburgh, 27 Nov. 1786. Renewed Drury Lane, 21 March 1795; with-intimacy with Jean Armour, June drawn after first night. Built a cottage 1787. Took farm at Ellisland, near at West Humble, near Mickleham Dumfries, March 1788. Appointed Exciseman, 31 March 1788. Married Jean Armour, 3 Aug. 1788. Settled at Ellisland, 13 June 1789; took up Left his appointment as Exciseman. Ellisland and settled at Dumfries as Volunteers, 1795. To Brow, on the Exciseman, Dec. 1791. Joined the Solway, for health, 4 July 1796; returned to Dumfries, 18 July. Died there, 21 July, 1796. Buried there. removed there, 1797. Comedy, 'Love and Fashion,' accepted for Covent Garden, but withdrawn before performance, 1800. Husband went to seek employment in France, 1801. In Paris with him, 1802-05; at Passy, 1805-14. Visit to England with son, Aug. 1812. In Paris, 1814-15. In Belgium, March to July, 1815. Returned to England, Oct. 1815. At Bath, Feb. 1816 to June 1817; at Ilfracombe, June to Oct., 1817; at Bath, Oct. 1817 to Sept. 1818. Hus band died, 3 May 1818. To London, Oct. 1818. Son died, 19 Jan. 1837. Severe illness, 1839. Died, in London, 6 Jan. 1840. Works: Poems, chiefly in the Scottish Dialect,' 1786 (2nd edn., augmented, 1787); 'The Calf,' 1787; 'The Prayer of Holy Willie' (anon.), 1789; 'Poems' (2 vols., including new poems) 1793; 'An Address to the Deil,' 1795. Posthumous: The Jolly Beggars' (with 'The Prayer of Holy Willie'), 1799; Works (4 vols., ed. by J. Currie), 1800; Poems ascribed to Robert Burns,' 1801; 'Letters addressed to Clarinda,' 1802; 'Reliques' (letters and verses), 1808. He contrib. 184 songs to 'The Scots Musical Museum,' 1787-1803; and 70 (mostly posthumous) to 'A Select Collection of Original Scottish Airs,' 1793-1805. Collected Works (some containing new material): Allan Cunningham's edn. (8 vols.), 1834; Hogg and Motherwell's (5 vols.), 1836; Aldine edn., 1839; Whitelaw's (2 vols.), 1843-44 Chambers' 'Life and Works of Burns' (4 vols.), 1851; etc. Life: by Chambers in 'Life and Works,' 1851; also by editors in other edns. To *BURTON (Sir Richard Francis), 1821-1890. Born, at Barham House, Herts, 19 March 1821. Taken abroad soon afterwards. To school at Tours, 1827. To school at Richmond, 1830. Returned to France, 1831. Privately educated in France and Italy, 183140. To Trinity Coll., Oxford, Oct. 1840; rusticated, autumn of 1841. To Bombay with commission in H.E.I.C.'s service, Oct. 1842. Joined 18th Bombay Native Infantry at Baroda. Regimental Interpreter, 1843. Journey to Medina and Mecca, 1852. Somaliland with Speke, 1854-55. In Constantinople, 1856. Left Zanzibar, with Speke, on expedition to Central Africa, June 1857. Returned to England, 1859; Gold Medal of Royal Geographical Soc. Visit to America, 1860. Married Isabel Arundell, 22 Jan. 1861. Consul at Fernando Po, Aug. 1861. Consul at São Paulo, Brazil, 1865; travelled widely in Brazil. Consul at Damascus, Oct. 1869; exploration in Syria. Returned to England, 1871. Visit to Iceland, 1872. Consul at Trieste, 1872-90. Travelled in Land of Midian, 1876, 1877-78; in interior of Gold Coast, 1882. K.C.M.G., 1886. Died, at Trieste, 20 Oct. 1890. 6 Works: 'Goa and the Blue Mountains,' 1851; 'Scinde; or, the Unhappy Valley,' 1851; Sindh, and the Races that inhabit the Valley of the Indus,' 1851; 'Falconry in the Valley of the Indus,' 1852; 'A Complete System of Bayonet Exercise,' 1853; 'Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage' (3 vols.), 1855-56; First Footsteps in East Africa,' 1856; 'The Lake Region of Central Africa,' 1860; 'The City of the Saints,' 1861; 'Wanderings in West Africa' (under initials: F.R.GS.), 1863; 'Abeokuta,' 1863; 'The Nile Basin' (from 'Morning Advertiser'), 1864; A Mission to Gelele' (2 vols.), 1864; 'Stone Talk' (under pseud. of Frank Baker), 1865; 'Wit and Wisdom from West Africa,' 1865; Explorations of the Highlands of Brazil,' 1869; Letters from the Battlefields of Paraguay,' 1870; ‘Zanzibar,' 1872; 'Unexplored Syria' (with C. F. T. Drake), 1872; 'Ultima Thule,' 1875; 'Two Trips to Gorilla Land, 1876 [1875]; A New System of Sword Exercise,' 1876; Etruscan Bologna,' 1876; 'Sind Revisited,' 1877; 'The Gold Mines of Midian,' 1878; 'The Land of Midian Revisited,' 1879; 'A Glance at the "Passion-Play,' 1881; 'Lord Beaconsfield' [1882 ?]; 'To the Gold Coast for Gold' (with V. L. Cameron), 1883 [1882]; 'The Book of the Sword,' 1884. Posthumous: The Kasidah of Hâjî Abdû Al-Yazdi,' ed. by Lady Burton, 1894; translations of 'Il Pentamerone,' 1893; and Catullus' 'Carmina,' 1894. He translated: Vikram and the Vampire,' 1870; Lacerda's 'Lands of Cazembe,' 1873; Camoens' Works, 1880-84; Arabian Nights,' 1885-86; Supplemental Nights,' 1886-88 Pereira da Silva's Manuel de Moraes' (with Lady Burton), 1886; and edited: Marcy's Prairie Traveller,' 1863 : Stade's 'Captivity,' 1874; Leared's 'Morocco and the Moors,' 1891 [1890]. Collected Works: Memorial Edn.,' ed. by Lady Burton and L. Smithers, 1893, etc. Life by Lady Burton, 2 vols., 1893; by G. M. Stisted, 1896. BURTON (Robert), 1577-1640. | mosthenes' (a biography), 1881; Born, at Lindley, Leicestershire, 8 Works: The Anatomy of Melancholy' (under pseud. of Democritus Junior), 1621 (2nd edn., 1624; 3rd, 1628; 4th, 1632; 5th, 1638; latest, 1896). Posthumous: 'Philosophaster,' ed. by Rev. W. E. Buckley (privately printed for Roxburghe Club), 1862. *BUTCHER (Samuel Henry), b. 1850. Born, in Dublin, 16 April 1850. Educated at Marlborough Coll., Aug. 1864 to Midsummer 1869. Minor Scholarship at Trinity Coll., Cambridge, 1869. Foundation Scholarship, 1870; Bell Scholarship, 1870; Waddington Scholarship, 1871; Powis Medal, 1871 and 1872; Senior Classic, and Chancellor's Medal, 1873; B.A., 1873; M.A., 1876. Assistant-Master at Eton, Easter to Midsummer, 1873. Fellow of Trinity Coll., Cambridge, 1874. Assistant-Tutor there, 1874-76. Married Rose Julia Trench, 1876. Extraordinary Fellowship at Univ. Coll., Oxford, 1876. Lecturer there, 1876-82. Prof. of Greek, Edinburgh Univ., 1882. Hon. LL.D., Glasgow, 1885. Elected member of Athenæum Club, without ballot, 2 March 1886. Member of Scottish Universities Commission, 1889. Hon. Litt.D., Dublin, 6 July 1892. Frequent speaker and writer on Irish questions, in Unionist interest, since 1886. Acts on Board of Guardians, etc., in co. Kerry, for which county he is J.P. Works: Translation of Homer's 'Odyssey' (with A. Lang), 1879; De 'What we Owe to Greece,' 1882; "Irish Land Acts,' 1887; 'Some Aspects of the Greek Genius,' 1891; Critical Text and Translation of Aristotle's Poetics,' 1895. Has edited Bishop Butcher's 'Ecclesiastical Calendar' (with J. G. Butcher), 1877. BUTLER (Joseph), Bishop of Durham. 1692-1752. Born, at Wantage, 18 May 1692. Educated at Wantage Latin School, and at Dissenting School at Gloucester and Tewkesbury. To Oriel Coll., Oxford, March 1715; B.A., 11 Oct. 1718; B.C.L., 10 June 1721. Ordained Deacon at Salisbury, Oct. 1718; Priest, Dec. 1718. Preacher at Rolls Chapel, July 1719 to autumn of 1726. Prebendary of Salisbury, 1721. Rector of Houghton-le-Skerne, near Darlington, 1722. Rector of Stanhope in Weardale, 1725. Lived secluded life, mainly occupied in writing Analogy,' published 1736. Chaplain to Lord Talbot, 1733. D.C.L., Oxford, 8 Dec. 1733. Prebendary of Rochester, and Clerk of Closet to Queen Caroline, July 1736. Bishop of Bristol, Aug. 1738. Continued to hold Rochester prebend and Stanhope rectorship till appointed Dean of St. Paul's, 24 May 1740. Clerk of Closet to King, 1746. Bishop of Durham, July 1750. To Bristol and Bath for health. Died, at Bath, 16 June 1752. Buried in Bristol Cathedral. 6 Works: Several Letters to the Rev. Dr. Clarke, from a Gentleman in Gloucestershire' (anon.), 1716; Letters of Thanks from a Young Clergyman to the Rev. Dr. Hare (anon.), 1719; Fifteen Sermons,' 1726; 'The Analogy of Religion,' 1736; 'Sermon preached before the Society for Propagating the Gospel,' 1739; Sermon preached before the Lord Mayor,' 1740; Sermon preached before the House of Lords,' 1741; Sermon preached at the annual meeting of the Charity Children,' 1745; Sermon preached before the House of Lords,' 1747; Sermon preached before the Governors of the Remains, hitherto unpublished,' ed. by E. Steere, 1853. Collected Works: ed. by Dr. Kippis, 1804; ed. by Rt. Hon. W. E. Gladstone (2 vols.), 1896. Life: by T. Bartlett, 1839; by Samuel Butler, 1896. BUTLER (Samuel), 1612- 1680. Born, at Strensham, Worcestershire, to 1612. Educated at Worcester Free School. Possibly to Cambridge, about 1627 [?]. Probably attendant Countess of Kent, at Wrest, for some years from 1628. Acted as secretary to various people; including Jeffereys (a J.P.), Sir Samuel Luke, and Sir Henry Rosewell. Visited France and Holland. Secretary to Lord Carbury and Steward of Ludlow Castle, 1660. Married about this time. Uneventful life of poverty. Confined to house with gout, Oct. 1679 to Easter 1680. Died in Rose Street, Covent Garden, 25 Sept. 1680. Buried in churchyard of St. Paul's, Covent Garden. Works: Hudibras,' pt. i. (anon.), 1663 (pirated and unauthorized ed., 1662); pt. ii. (anon.), 1664; pt. iii. (anon.), 1678; 'Ode to the Memory of Du Val,' 1671; 'Two Letters' (anon.), 1672; Geneva Ballad' (anon.), 1674. Posthumous: Hudibras,' pts. i.-iii. together, 1710; 'Genuine Remains, in Verse and Prose' (2 vols.), 1759. [Posthumous Works,' ed. by Sir Roger L'Estrange, 1715, probably spurious.] Works attributed to Butler: 'Letter from Mercurius Civicus to Mercurius Rusticus,' 1643; Acts and Monuments of our Late Parliament' (under pseud. of 'John Canne'), 1659; continuation of same, 1659; 'Proposals for farming out Liberty of Conscience,' 1663; 'A New Ballad of King Edward and Jane Shore,' 1671; 'Mercurius Menippeus,' 1682; 'The Plagiary Expos'd,' 1691; The Secret History of the Calves' Head Club,' 1703. Collected Works: ed. by G. Gilfillan, with life, 1854 ; 'Aldine' edn., 1893. * BUTLER (Samuel), b. 1835. Born, at Langar Rectory, Notts, 4 Dec. 1835. At Shrewsbury School, Aug. 1848 to Oct. 1854. To St. John's Coll., Cambridge, Oct. 1854; B.A., 1858. To Canterbury Settlement, New Zealand, 29 Sept. 1859. Left New Zealand, 1864. Returned to England same year; settled in Clifford's Inn, where he now resides. Studied painting for several years and exhibited at ing for literary career, 1875. PubRoyal Academy. Abandoned paintlished musical compositions (in collab. with H. Festing Jones), 1885; cantata Narcissus' (with H. Festing Jones), 1888. Works: A First Year in Canterbury Settlement,' 1863; 'Erewhon' (anon.), 1872; 'The Fair Haven' (under pseudonym John Pickard Owen'), 1873 (2nd ed., bearing author's name, same year); Life and Habit,' 1877; Evolution, Old and New,' 1879; 'Unconscious Memory,' 1880; Alps and Sanctuaries of Piedmont and the Canton Ticino,' 1881; Luck, or Cunning, as the Main Means of Organic Modification?' 1886; Ex Voto,' 1888; 'Life of Bishop Butler' (2 vols.), 1896. BYROM (John), 1692-1763. Born, at Kersall Cell, Broughton, near Manchester, 29 Feb. 1692. At Merchant Taylors' School [1707-08 ?]. Entered at Trin. Coll., Camb., 6 July 1708; Scholar, May 1709; B. A. 1712; Fellow of Trin. Coll., 1714; M.A., 1715. Contrib. to 'Spectator,' 1714. Went abroad, 1716. Studied medicine at Montpelier. Returned to London, 1718. Married Elizabeth Byrom, 14 Feb. 1721. Began to teach new system of Shorthand which he had invented, 1723. F.R.S., 17 March 1724. Succeeded to property from uncle, 1733; to family estates, 1740. Act of Parliament giving him sole right for twenty-one years of publishing and teaching his Shorthand system, May 1742. Died, 26 Sept. 1763. Works: Tunbridgialia' (anon.), 1726; 'An Epistle to a Gentleman of the Temple,' 1749; Enthusiasın' |