ALEXANDER-ALFORD 1700 to 5 June 1701,' 1701; 'Institutionis Geometricæ pars prima, etc.' (anon.). [1709]. Posthumous: Elementorum Architecturæ pars prima, etc.' [1750]. He edited: Aristeas' Histories, 1692; Plato's 'Symposium,' 1711; Josephus' Works, 1726. ALEXANDER (William), Earl of Stirling, 1567 [?]-1640. Born, at Menstrie, near Alloa, 1567 [?]. Probably educated at Stirling Grammar School. Abroad as travelling tutor to Earl of Argyle; afterwards tutor to Prince Henry of Scotland. Became Gentleman of the Chamber to Prince 5 ALFORD (Henry), 1810 - 1871. Born, in London, 10 Oct. 1810. Educated at Charmouth, 1817-21; at Hammersmith, 1821-23; at Ilminster Grammar School, 1824-27; pupil of Rev. J. Bickersteth at Aston, 1827-28. To Trinity Coll., Cambridge, Oct. 1828. Bell Scholarship, 1831. Eighth Classic and 34th Wrangler, Jan. 1832. B.A., 1832; M.A., 1835. Curate to his father at Ampton, 1833. Fellowship at Trinity Coll., 1834-35. Married Fanny Alford, 10 March 1835 Vicar of Wymeswold, 1835-53. Hulsean Lecturer at Cambridge, 1841-42. Occupied on edition of Greek Test., 184561. B.D., Cambridge, Nov. 1849. To Quebec Chapel, Marylebone, 1853. Dean of Canterbury, 1857-71. D.D., 1859. Contrib. to 'Sunday Mag.,' 1868-70. In last years of life lived partly at Canterbury, partly at Vine's Gate, Sevenoaks. Died, 12 Jan. 1871. Henry. Married Janet Erskine, 1604. Appointed Collector of Crown Taxes, 1608. Knighted, 1609. At death of Prince Henry, appoi ted Gentleman of Chamber to Prince Charles, 1612. Working gold and silver mines in Scotland, 1613. Intimacy with Drummond of Hawthornden begun. ApWorks: Poems and Poetical Fragpointed Master of Requests, 1614. ments,' 1833; Address to the InReceived charter granting him juris-habitants of Bury St. Edmunds,' diction over Nova Scotia and Canada, 1834; Faith Explained,' 1834; 'The 1621. Secretary of State for Scotland, School of the Heart,' 1835; 'Hymns,' 1626-40. Created Lord Alexander of 1836; The Clergy Watchmen,' 1840; Tullibody and Viscount Stirling, 1630. 'The Abbot of Muchelnay,' 1841; Extraordinary Judge of Court of 'Hulsean Lectures,' 1842-43; 'Psalms Session, 1631. Created Earl of Stirand Hymns, 1844; “Προγυμνασματα, ling and Viscount Canada, 1633; 1845; Poetical Works,' 1845; 'HisEarl of Devon, 1639. Died, in London, tory and Description... of St. Mary's, 12 Sept. 1640. Buried in High Church, Wymeswold,' 1846; Plain Village Stirling. Sermons,' 1846; The Inspiration of Holy Scripture, 1849; Vol. i. of Greek Testament, 1849; Four Lectures,' 1849; Sermons,' 1850; 'Select Poetical Works,' 1851; Vol. ii. of Greek Testament, 1852; 'Poems' (American edn.), 1853; Memoir of the Rev. H. Alford,' 1854; 'English Descriptive Poetry,' 1854; 'Quebec Chapel Sermons,' vol. i., 1854; vol. ii., 1855; vols. iii.-v., 1856; vols. vi., vii., 1857; Vol. iii. of Greek Test., 1856; 'Homilies on Acts of the Apostles,' 1857; 'Pulpit Eloquence of 17th Cent.,' 1858; Four Sermons on the Parable of the Sower,' 1858; Vol. iv. pt. i. of Greek Test., 1859; pt. ii., 1860; Odyssey of Homer translated, 1861; New Testament for English Works: The Tragedie of Darius,' 1603; A Parænesis to the Prince,' 1604; The Monarchick Tragedies,' 1604 (another edn., ' newly enlarged,' 1607); Avrora,' 1604; The Alexandræan,' 1605; An Elegie on the Death of Prince Henrie,' 1612; Completion of pt. iii. of Sir Philip Sidney's Arcadia,' 1613; Doomes-day,' bks. i.-iv., 1614; bks. v.-xii., 1637 'An Encouragement to Colonies, 1624; Recreations with the Muses,' 1637. Posthumous: Register of Royal Letters relative to. Scotland and Nova Scotia,' ed. by C. Rogers, 2 vols., 1884-85. Life: by Charles Rogers, 1877. ALISON-ALLEN in Glasgow till death. Prominent in quelling various strikes and riots 1837-58. Lord Rector of Marischal Coll., Aberdeen, 1845. Lord Rector of Glasgow Univ., 1851. Created Baronet, 1852. Hon. D.C.L., Oxford, 1852. Engaged on second History of Europe,' 1853-59. Died, 23 May 1867. Buried in Glasgow. Readers,' vol. i. pt. i., 1862; Mourn ing and Praise,' 1862; 'Sermons on Christian Doctrine,' 1862; The Queen's English '(from 'Good Words'), 1863; Church Movement in our Day,' 1863; Letters from Abroad' (from Good Words '), 1864; 'Meditations on Advent' (from 'Good Words'), 1865; 'The Year of Prayer,' 1866; 'Week of Prayer,' 1866; 'True Works: Travels in France' (anon. and False Guides,' 1866; Eastertide with P. F. Tytler), 1815; 'Principles Sermons,' 1866; How to Study the of the Criminal Law of Scotland,' New Testament,' vol. i., 1866; vol. 1832; Practice of the Criminal Law ii., 1867; vol. iii., 1870; The Year of of Scotland,' 1833; 'History of Europe Praise,' 1867; 'Essays and Addresses, during the French Revolution' (10 1869; "The State of the Blessed Dead,' vols.), 1833-42; The Principles of 1869; "The Coming of the Bridegroom,' | Population,' 1840; 'Free Trade and 1869; Our Lord and His Twelve Protection' (from 'Blackwood'), 1844; Disciples,' 1869; 'The Riviera,' 1870; England in 1815 and 1845,' 1845 'The Lord's Prayer,' 1870; "The New 'Free Trade and a Fettered Currency,' Testament after the Authorized Ver- 1847; "The Military Life of John, sion Revised,' 1870; 'Biblical Revi- Duke of Marlborough,' 1848; 'Essays,' sion,' 1870; The Compacted Body,' 1850; Inaugural Address as Lord 1870. [Alford also published various Rector of Glasgow Univ.,' 1851; minor Sermons and Addresses in History of Europe from the Fall of pamphlet form.] Napoleon in 1815 to the Accession of Louis Napoleon in 1852' (8 vols.), 1853-59; The British Empire,' 1856; Lives of Lord Castlereagh and Sir C. Stewart,' 1861. Posthumous: Truth and Trust,' 1871; Genesis and part of Exodus for English Readers,' 1872; "The Sons of God Known and Unknown, 1872; Life, Journal, and Letters,' ed. by his widow, 1873; 'Fireside Homilies' (from 'The Sunday Mag.'), 1875 [1874]. He edited: John Donne's 'Works,' 1839; 'Reminiscences by a Clergyman's Wife,' 1866. ALISON (Sir Archibald), 1792-1867. Born, at Kenley, Shropshire, 29 Dec. 1792. Educated by private tutor at Edinburgh, 1800-05. To Edinburgh University, Nov. 1805. Began to study Law, 1810. Called to Bar, 8 Dec. 1814. Visit to Paris, 1814; Switzerland, 1816; Ireland, 1817; Italy, 1818; Switzerland and Germany, 1821. Appointed Advocate Depute, Feb. 1823. Married Elizabeth Glencairn Tytler, 21 March 1825. Engaged on History of Europe,' 1829-42. Contrib. to 'Blackwood,' 1830-32, 1845-46, 1849-51. Visit to Paris, 1833. Appointed Sheriff of Lanarkshire, Oct. 1834. Left Edinburgh for Glasgow, Feb. 1835. Lived · Posthumous: 'Some Account of My Life and Writings: an Autobiography,' ed. by Lady Alison, 1883. * ALLEN (Charles Grant Blairfindie), b. 1848. Born, at Kingston, Canada, 24 Feb. 1848. Family removed to New Haven, Connecticut, 1857. Educated by tutor there; at Dieppe ; and at King Edward's School, Birmingham. Postmaster, Merton Coll., Oxford, 19 Classical Oct. 1867; B.A., 1871. Lecturer, Brighton Coll., 1872-73. Prof. of Classics, Queen's Coll., Spanish Town, Jamaica, 1873; Principal, 1874-76. Returned to England, 1876; devoted himself to literature. Lived in London. Contrib. to 'Cornhill Magazine,' 'Daily News,' 'Globe,' 'St. James's Gazette,' 'Pall Mall Gazette.' Of late years has resided in Surrey. Works Physiological Esthetics,' 1877; The Colour Sense,' 1879; 'The Evolutionist at Large' (from 'St. James's Gazette'), 1881; 'Early 6 AMORY-ARBUTHNOT Britain: Anglo-Saxon Britain,' 1881; 'Vignettes from Nature' (from Pall Mall Gazette '), 1881; Colin Clout's Calendar' (from 'St. James's Gazette'), 1883; The Colour of Flowers,' 1882; 'Flowers and their Pedigrees,' 1883; 'Nature Studies' (with Wilson, Foster, etc.), 1883; Biographies of Working Men,' 1884; 'Strange Stories' (from 'Belgravia' and 'Longman's Maga- zine'; there under pseud. of J. Arbuthnot Wilson'), 1884; 'Philistia' (under pseud. of Cecil Power), 1884; 'Babylon,' 1885; Charles Darwin,' 1885; For Maimie's Sake,' 1886; 'Kalee's Shrine' (with M. Cotes), 1886; In All Shades,' 1886; The Beckoning Hand,' 1887; A Terrible Inheritance,' 1887; Common Sense Science,' 1887; "The Devil's Die,' Palliser's Patient,' 1889; 'Falling in Love,' 1889; The Jaws of Death,' 1889; A Living Apparition,' 1889; Sole Trustee,' 1890; The Great Taboo,'1890; 'Dumaresq's Daughter,' 1891; Recalled to Life,' 1891; 'What's Bred in the Bone,' 1891; 'The Tidal Thames,' 1892; 'Science in Arcady,' 1892; The Duchess of Powysland,' 1892; 'Blood Royal,' 1893; Ivan Greet's Masterpiece,' 1893; Michael's Crag,' 1893; The Scallywag,' 1893; 'Post-Prandial Philosophy' (from 'Westminster Gaz- ette'), 1894; At Market Value,' 1894; The Lower Slopes,' 1894; "The British Barbarians,' 1895; In Memoriam G. P. Macdonell,' 1895; 'The Story of the Plants,' 1895; 'Under Sealed Orders,' 1895; 'The Woman who Did,' 1895; Moorland Letter to the Reviewers' (anon., re- ferring to preceding), 1755; 'The Life of John Buncle, Esq.' (anon.), 2 vols., 1756-66; An Antiquarian Doctor's Sermon' (anon., attrib. to Born, at Arbuthnot, Kincardineshire, 1667; baptized 29 April. Educated at [Marischal Coll.?] Aberdeen. Set- matics. At University Coll., Oxford, tled in London, 1691; taught mathe- Took M.D. degree, St. Andrew's Uni- as Fellow-Commoner, 6 Oct. 1694-96. versity, 11 Sept. 1696. Married, about 1702. F.R.S., 30 Nov. 1704. Physician Extraordinary to Queen Anne, 30 Oct. 1705; Physician in Coll. of Physicians, 27 April 1710; Ordinary, Nov. 1709. Fellow of Roy. Second Censor, 30 Sept. 1723; 'Elect,' 5 Oct. 1727; Harveian Orator, 18 Oct. 1727. Physician at Chelsea Hos- pital, 1713. Formed 'Scriblerus Club' with Swift, Pope, Gay, and Parnell, Ill health in later years. Contrib. to 1714. Visits to France, 1714 and 1718. London Magazine,' 1732. To Hamp- stead, 1734. Died, in London, 27 Feb. 1735. Buried in St. James's Church, Piccadilly. Works: Of the Laws of Chance' (anon.), 1692; Theses Medicæ de Secretione Animali,' 1696; ‘An Ex- amination of Dr. Woodward's Account of the Deluge' (under initials: J. A., M.D.), 1697; An Essay on the Use- fulness of Mathematical Learning,' 1701; Tables of the Grecian, Roman, and Jewish Measures' [1705]; 'A Sermon Preach'd. at the Mercat- Cross' (anon.), 1706; Proposals for printing a very curious discourse intitled Ψευδολογια Πολιτικη (anon.), 1712; "The History of John Bull' (anon. ; in six pamphlets: (i.) Law is a Bottomless Pit'; (ii.) John Bull in his Senses'; (iii.) 'John Bull still in his Senses'; (iv.) 'An Appendix' to preceding; (vi.) 'Lewis Baboon turned Honest '), 1712; 'Three Hours 8 ARCHER-ARNOLD the Company of Upholders (anon.), 1724; Tables of Ancient Coins' (anon.), 1727; Oratio Anniversaria Harvæiana,' 1727; 'Miscellanies in Prose and Verse' (3 vols.), 1727 (another ed., 4 vols., 1727-32); 'An Essay concerning the Nature of Ailments (2 vols.), 1731-32; 'A Brief Account of Mr. John Ginglicutt's Treatise' (anon.), 1731; 'An Essay concerning the Effects of Air,' 1733; Two Leavrov,' 1734. [A further list of anonymous works attributed to Arbuthnot is given in Aitken's 'Life and Works' of Arbuthnot, 1892.] Collected Works: In 2 vols., 1751 [1750]; enlarged ed., with memoir, 1770. Life: By G. A. Aitken, 1892. ARCHER (William), b. 1856. Born, at Perth, 23 Sept. 1856. Educated at Edinburgh University, 1872-76; M.A., 1876. On staff of 'Edinburgh Evening News,' 1875-78. Visit to Australia 1876-77. Student of Middle Temple, 2 Nov. 1878; called to Bar, 17 Nov. 1883. Dramatic critic of London Figaro,' 1879-81. Ap pointed dramatic critic of 'The World,' 1884. Instrumental in production of Ibsen's plays in London. 6 Works: 'The Fashionable Tragedian' (anon., with R. W. Lowe), 1877 (2nd edn., with postscript, same year); English Analyses of the French Plays represented... by the Comédie Française' (from London Figaro'), 1879; English Dramatists of To-day,' 1882; 'Henry Irving,' 1883; 'About the Theatre,' 1886; 'Masks or Faces?' 1888; William Charles Macready' ('Eminent Actors' series), 1890; The Theatrical "World" for 1893-97.' (criticisms reprinted yearly from The World'), 1894-98. He has translated: Ibsen's 'Doll's House,' 1889; 'Ibsen's Prose Dramas,' 1890, etc., and Rosmersholm,' 1891 ; Kielland's 'Tales of Two Countries,' 1891; Ibsen's 'Peer Gynt' (with C. Archer), 1892; Ibsen's 'Master Builder' (with E. Gosse), 1893; Nansen's 'Eskimo Life,' 1893; Haupt mann's 'Hannele,' 1894; Ibsen's Little Eyolf,' 1895. Has edited: 'Alan's Wife,' 1893; Leigh Hunt's 'Dramatic Essays,' 1894; Hazlitt's 'Dramatic Essays,' 1895; and is editor of 'Eminent Actors' series, 1890, etc. * ARNOLD (Sir Edwin), b. 1832. Born 10 June 1832. At King's School, Rochester, 1845-50. At King's Coll., London, 1850-51. Scholarship at University Coll., Oxford, 1851; Newdigate Prize Poem, 1852; B.A., 1854; M.A., 1856. To King Edward's School, Assistant Master, Birmingham, as 1854. Principal of Govt. Sanscrit Coll. at Poona, and Fellow of Bombay University, 1857. Joined staff of 'Daily Telegraph,' 1861. F.R.G.S., Jan. 1875 to May 1887. C.S.I., 1 Jan. 1877. Siamese Order of White Elephant (on publication of 'The Light of Asia'), 1879. Second Class of Imperial Order of Medjidieh, 1876; Imperial Order of Osmanieh, 1886. K.C.I.E., 1888. Japanese Imperial Order of Rising Sun, 1892. Pres. of Birmingham and Midland Institute for 1893. Mem. Royal Asiatic Soc. Resides in London. Works: The Feast of Belshazzar,' 1852; 'Poems, Narrative and Lyrical,' 1853; Griselda,' 1856; 'The Wreck of the Northern Belle,' 1857; ‘Education in India,' 1860; The Marquis of Dalhousie's Administration,' 1862; "The Poets of Greece,' 1869; 'Simple Transliteral Grammar of the Turkish Language,' 1877; 'The Light of Asia,' 1879; 'Indian Poetry' (in 'Trübner's Oriental Series '), 1881; 'Pearls of the Faith,' 1883; 'The Secret of Death,' 1885; 'India Revisited (from 'Daily Telegraph'), 1886; Lotus and Jewel,' 1887; 'Poems, National and Non-Oriental' (selected), 1888; With Sa'di in the Garden,' 1888; 'In my Lady's Praise,' 1889; 'The Light of the World,' 1891; 'Seas and Lands' (from 'Daily Telegraph'), 1891; Japonica' (from 'Scribner's Magazine '), 1892 [1891]; Potiphar's Wife,' 1892; Adzuma,' 1893; Wandering Words,' 1894; The 6 ARNOLD Tenth Muse,' 1895; East and West,' 1896; 'Victoria, Queen ard Empress' (from 'Daily Telegraph'), 1896. the He has translated: The Book of Good Counsel,' from 'Hitopadesa,' 1861; Political Poems by Victor Hugo and Garibaldi' (under initials: E. A.), 1868; Hero and Leander,' from Musæus [1873]; 'The Indian Song of Songs,' from 'Jayadeva,' 1875; 'Indian Idylls,' from 'Mahabharata,' 1883; The Song Celestial,' from the 'Mahâbhârata,' 1885; 'The Chaurapanchâsika,' 1896. *ARNOLD (Matthew), 1822-1888. Born, at Laleham, 24 Dec. 1822. Educated till 1836 at Laleham ; at Winchester, 1836-37; at Rugby, 1837-41. Family removed to Rugby (where his father was headmaster) in 1828. Scholarship at Balliol Coll., Oxford, Nov. 1840. To Balliol, Oct. 1841. Hertford Scholarship, 1842; Newdigate Prize, 1843; B.A., Dec. 1844; M.A., 1853; Fellow of Oriel Coll., 28 March 1845 to 6 April 1852. Private Sec. to Lord Lansdowne, 1847-51. Married Fanny Lucy Wightman, 10 June 1851. For a short time Assistant Master at Rugby, 1851. Appointed Lay Inspector of Schools, 1851. Prof. of Poetry at Oxford, 1857-67. Visits to France, Germany, and Holland on education business, 1859, 1865 and 1866. Hon. LL.D., Edinburgh, 1869; Hon. D.C.L., Oxford, 21 June 1870; Order of Commander of Crown of Italy (in recognition of his tutorship of the Duke of Genoa), 1871. Rede Lecturer at Cambridge, 1882. Hon. LL.D., Cambridge, 1883. Visits to America, 1883 and 1886. Died, 15 April 1888. Buried at Laleham. 9 Eton,' 1864; 'Essays in Criticism' (1st series), 1865; 'New Poems,' 1867; 'On the Study of Celtic Literature,' 1867; Saint Brandan' (from 'Fraser's Magazine'), 1867; Schools and Universities on the Continent, 1868; 'Poems' (collected), 1869; 'Culture and Anarchy,' 1869; 'St. Paul and Protestantism,' 1870; Friendship's Garland,' 1871; 'A Bible Reading for Schools,' 1872; 'Literature and Dogma,' 1873; Higher Schools and Universities in Germany' (part of 'Schools and Universities on the Continent,' reprinted), 1874; 'God and the Bible,' Restoration,' 1875; Last Essays on 1875; 'The Great Prophecy of Israel's Church and Religion,' 1877; 'Mixed Essays, 1879; 'Geist's Grave' (from Essays,' 1882; Isaiah of Jerusalem,' Fortnightly Review') 1881; 'Irish 1883; 'Discourses in America,' 1885; 1888 Special Report on Elementary 'Essays in Criticism' (2nd series), Education Abroad,' 1888; Civilization in the United States,' 1888. 6 contributed an introduction to 'The Hundred Greatest Men,' 1879; three Poets,' 1880; an introduction to J. essays to T. H. Ward's 'English Smith's Natural Truth of Christianity,' 1882; 'Sainte-Beuve' to Encyclopædia Britannica,' 1886; on 'Schools' to T. H. Ward's 'Reign of Queen Victoria,' 1887. Works: 'Alaric at Rome,' 1840; 'Cromwell,' 1843; 'The Strayed Reveller,' by A., 1849; 'Empedocles on Etna,' 1852; 'Poems' (1st series), 1853; 'Poems' (2nd series), 1855; 'Merope,' ARNOLD (Thomas), 1795-1842. 1858; England and the Italian [Father of preceding.] Born, at East Question,' 1859; 'Popular Education Cowes, 13 June, 1795. At school in in France,' 1861; On Translating Warminster, 1803-07; at Winchester, Homer,' 1861; Last Words on 1807-11. To Corpus Christi Coll., Translating Homer,' 1862; 'A French | Oxford, as scholar, 1811; B.A., 27 |