His Designs in Favour of the Dissenters.-Defeated by the Parliament.-Act of Toleration.—Commemorated by De Foe. -Reflections upon the Act.-The High Clergy Dissatisfied with it.—Bill for a Comprehension.-Defeated in the Com- mons.-The King's Ecclesiastical Commission.-Rendered Abortive by the Convocation.-Remarks upon its Failure. -Bigotry of South.-De Foe's Remarks upon Preachers of his Stamp.-Illustration of South's Politics.-Bill of Rights. -De Foe's Remarks upon it.-King and Queen Dine with Revival of Party Animosities.-Discordant Materials of the Ministry. Imprudence of the Whigs.-Dissolution of Par- liament. Change in the Ministry.-Tory Parliament.— Bribery Revived.-King James Invades Ireland.-Battle of the Boyne.-De Foe Satirizes the Jacobites.-Treasonable Designs of the Jacobites laid open in a Pamphlet.-Bishop Turner detected in a Plot.-Non-juring Clergy Deprived.- Tillotson's Wise Conduct.-Temporizing Behaviour of the Swearing Clergy.-Case of Dr. Sherlock.-Account of Bishop Overall's Convocation Book.-De Foe's Remarks upon Sherlock's Casuistry.-Principles and Character of the Non-jurors.Enumeration of their Principal Writers.— Character of Sancroft.-Infatuation of Churchmen.—Ve- nality of Public Men.-Disaffection to the Government. Visits France.-And Germany.-Continues his Hose-agency. -Unsuited for Trade.-His Failure. -Severity of the Bankrupt Laws. De Foe's Remarks upon the Subject-Causes of his Misfortunes. His Remarks upon Over-trading. Duped by the Fraudulent.-Privileged Places for Debtors. -Suppressed at his Suggestion.-He Exposes the Artifice of Projectors. Suffers from one of them.-His Remarks upon Commissions of Bankrupts.-Shifts to Retrieve Himself. His Fortitude in Suffering.-Honesty of Character.Rewarded by the Confidence of his Creditors.-Anecdote of General Wood.-Testimony to De Foe's Integrity.Account of his Residence in Bristol 207 CHAPTER XIV. De Foe's Reflections in his Adversity.-Occupations during his Retirement.-Voyage to the World of Cartesius.-De Foe is offered a Settlement at Cadiz.-Which he Declines.— His Account of himself at this Time.-He Projects Ways and Means for the Government.-Is appointed Accountant to the Commissioners of Glass Duty.-Notice of Dalby Thomas. De Foe's Connection with the Pantile-works at Tilbury. Sustains great Loss by their Failure.—Remarkable Occurrence during his Residence at Tilbury.-Retrievement of his Affairs.-Conjecture upon the Alteration of his Name . 223 CHAPTER XV. Disaffection to King William.-Treachery of his Ministers.- CONTENTS. her Death.-Circumstances favourable to William.-Corruption of Public Men lvii 232 CHAPTER XVI. Massacre at Glenco.-Circumstances that gave rise to it.Misrepresented by Leslie and the Non-jurors.-Pamphlets respecting it.-A Commission of Inquiry appointed.-De Foe's Account of the Affair.-His Reflections upon it in the "Review."-Remarks upon the Perversion of History, by Modern Writers 245 CHAPTER XVII. De Foe publishes his "Essay upon Projects."-Dedicates it to Dalby Thomas.-His Scheme for a National Bank.-For Improving the Roads. -- For a Commission of Bankruptcy.For a Court-Merchant.-For Friendly Societies.-He originates Savings'-Banks.-Asylum for Idiots-Academy for the English Language.---Swift's Project of the same kind.— De Foe's Remarks upon the profane Custom of Swearing.Academies for Military Studies.-Office for registering Seamen.-Institution for the Education of Females.-His Remarks upon the Female Character.-Neglect of Education under the Stuarts.-Character of De Foe's Work.-Of Use to Franklin.-De Foe's other Projects.--Title of the Second Edition. 256 CHAPTER XVIII. Rise of the Controversy concerning Occasional Conformity . 269 Peace of Ryswick.-Sentiments of Different Parties upon a Standing Army.-Resolution of Parliament.-Chagrin of the King. The Subject agitated in print.-Trenchard's Pamphlet. He is answered by De Foe.-Statement of his Argument. Remarks upon the Subject.-He publishes another Pamphlet . 277 CHAPTER XX. Dissolute Morals of the Nation.-Discountenanced by the Court. And the Parliament.-Royal Proclamation upon the Subject.-Tennison's Instructions to the Clergy.-De Foe publishes his "Poor Man's Plea." -Account of that Work. His Rebuke to the Magistrates-And the Clergy.Anecdote of Captain Vratz.-Irreligion of the Clergy represented by another Writer.-De Foe's Zeal for Reformation. -Traduced by his Enemies.-His work commended in the Pulpit.-Bad Effects of the Stage.-Collier's Attack upon it.-King William's Order upon the Subject.-Rise of the Societies for Reformation of Manners.-De Foe's Account of their Success. His Zeal for the Observance of the Sabbath.-Account of the "Book of Sports."-Bigotry of Archbishop Sharp.-Publications in Behalf of the Reformation Societies 286 CHAPTER XXI. Politics of England after the Peace of Ryswick.-Short History of the Last Parliament.--Merits of King William.-Character of his Fourth Parliament.-Declining Influence of the King. His Mortifications from the Parliament.-Intrigues to Supplant the Whigs.-The King and his Ministers attacked in Parliament.-Resumption of the Irish Grants.— De Foe's Remarks upon that Measure.-Publications upon the Subject.-Account of Mr. Stephens's Sermon before the Commons. Measures against Dissenters and Catholics.- Imprisonment of a Popish Priest.-Remarks upon the Into- 303 New Political Situation of the Country.-Causes that led to it. De Foe's Account of the Influence of France upon the Affairs of England.-Affair of the Spanish Succession.--- Treaty of Partition.-Its Reception in Spain and England.- Defence of King William.-De Foe's Vindication of the Treaty.-Death of the King of Spain.-Perfidy of the French King.Mortification of William.-De Foe's Reflec- tions upon the temper of the Nation. He publishes "The Two Great Questions considered."-And a Vindication of it. His Pamphlet upon the danger of the Protestant Reli- gion. Formidable State of the Popish Party.-Appeal to False Pretences of Political Parties.-Declining Influence of the Whigs.--Change of Ministry.-The King parts reluc- tantly with Lord Somers.-His Character.-Reflections upon the Change.-Character of the new Ministers.-De Foe's Strictures upon the Different Ministries in this Reign.-- Dissolution of Parliament.-Pamphlets preparatory to the Election.-De Foe's "Six Distinguishing Characters of a Parliament Man."-He publishes "The Freeholder's Plea |