established. The Irish people-Catholic and Protestant-wanted a system of denominational education, but the English people would not tolerate such a system. Ireland was to get not what Ireland wanted, but what England wished; and a system of mixed education was founded. A Board was formed to control the system. This Board consisted of four Protestants and two Catholics, in a country where Catholics were to Protestants as four to one. That was not all. The real management of the system was placed in the hands of two men-an English Protestant Episcopalian and a Scotch Presbyterian -Archbishop Whately and Mr. Carlile. Both set themselves to work to anglicise the youth of the country. The books were prepared with this view, and some extracts from them are worth giving. In one of the books we find this statement about Ireland: "On the east of Ireland is England, where the Queen lives; many people who live in Ireland were born in England, and we speak the same language, and are called the same nation." Let us see how, in another book, Scotland was dealt with: "Edward the First annexed the Principality of Wales to his kingdom, A.D. 1283. He afterwards attempted to do the same with Scotland, but was successfully resisted, particularly by Sir William Wallace. This celebrated patriot drove his troops out of the kingdom. He was ultimately taken and basely executed by Edward, and a new effort projected to subdue the Scots. But before the army of Edward entered Scotland he died, leaving his crown and enterprise to his son, Edward II. This prince followed up the intention of his father, but was defeated at Bannockburn, and thus the independence of the Scots was established." "cele It was allowable for Irish youths to speak of Sir William Wallace as a brated patriot," to think with pride on the struggle of the Scots for independence; but it would have been treason to mention the names of Art McMurrough or Hugh O'Neil, to tell how Sarsfield fought or Emmet died. Lines on the "Irish Harp," by Miss Balfour, Campbell's poem, "The Harper," and Scott's lines, Breathes there a man" were suppressed by Archbishop Whately. But His Grace inserted the following hymn instead: 66 "I thank the goodness and the grace I must say, as a matter of bare justice, that the government of the English in Ireland has not been all tragedy it has sometimes been grotesque farce. Well, the national schools of Ireland have, in defiance of the Government and by the will of the people, been converted into denominational institutions, and such they are to-day. A History of IrelandMr. Joyce's admirable little book-is now used, but, I believe, only as a "reading book." The children, as I understand, are not taught history out of it*—an absurd, but a very characteristic limitation. England has never known how to do the right thing, in the right way, and at the right time. In 1832 the first Irish Reform Bill * So I was told in a school I visited in 1900. I believe they now use (1911) other history books, by popular writers, which have been admitted since this lecture was delivered. was passed. Like so many measures of Irish Reform " it was a sham. "Re "You "We store the Forty Shilling Freeholders," said O'Connell, in effect, "if you mean to give a full and fair parliamentary franchise to Ireland." But the Government would do nothing of the kind. have a Forty Shilling Freehold franchise in England," said the Irish leader. had a Forty Shilling Freehold franchise in Ireland up to 1829, when you took it away. Restore it, assimilate the English and Irish franchises, and we will accept your Bill." But the Government would not yield. The opinion of Irishmen about Ireland was not worth having. "The common notion," said Lord Campbell, "prevailing among Liberals in England is that Ireland is wholly incapable of law and liberty, and must be governed |