the sheet is divided, every piece should be distinctly marked on its proper side with a lead pencil; for otherwise, when operating in a faint light, errors are apt to take place.

Where so many tastes are to be consulted, it is difficult not to exceed the limits which can be devoted to the subject of Photography in "N. & Q.;" and yet at the same time to be sufficiently explicit to enable the operator to work with success from the instructions given. But the many Queries from your numerous correspondents convince me of the happy medium afforded in your publication, because by a mutual interchange of our experience we may render assistance to each other by asking and receiving advice in the many nice points connected with the practice of this interesting art.

Having thus replied to your correspondent A. H. R., and given him directions for practising the collodion process, together with an easy mode of reproducing his pictures by printing them on paper, I will endeavour in a future Number to give him satisfactory directions for the production of Talbotypes on paper, as well as their modification HUGH W. DIAMOND.

on wax paper.

(To be continued.)

Replies to Minor Queries.

Paley's MS. Lectures (Vol. vi., pp. 243. 304.).In answer to the questions of MR. FORBES, I beg to inform him that Paley's Lectures on Locke, &c., were copied by me in 1828, from MSS. which had been taken by one of his college pupils with whom I had the privilege of being acquainted in the latter part of his life. Upon his death in 1847, at the advanced age of ninety-two, his books and papers were dispersed, and I doubt whether the original MSS. be now extant; I can, however, vouch for my copy being, verbatim et literatim,

correct.

MR. FORBES next inquires why the MSS. have not been printed and presented to the world? To this I answer, simply because, since they have been in my possession, a competent editor has not been found; and it was with the hope that some one might be induced, from the interest of the subject, to present himself, that I employed the medium of the "N. & Q." to make the circumstance known to its readers. George MunforD.

East Winch.

Where was the first Prince of Wales born? (Vol. vi., p. 270.).—The interest attached to this subject is much enhanced by the probability of Her Majesty's visit to Caernarvon.

In the Journal of the Archæological Institute for September, 1850 (No. 27.), is a paper by the Rev. C. H. Hartshorne upon Caernarvon Castle. In it

MR. CUTHBERT BEDE will find a solution of his Query, and a very interesting account of the noble building to which it refers, founded upon data which have been too long neglected in the consideration of such matters, and in opposition to which "romantic tradition" should be allowed to have no weight whatever, the public records of the kingdom. Painful as it may be to some to contemplate the downfall of such traditions as that of Edward II.'s birth in the Eagle Tower, bistoric truth is of greater consequence to all. It will be seen by Mr. Hartshorne's paper, that the tower was not built till Edward of Caernarvon was thirty-three years of age. But the cognomen is nevertheless correct. The first Prince of Wales was certainly born in the town of Caernarvon; and most probably in some building temporarily erected for the accommodation of the royal household.

J. Br.

Arabic_Inscription (Vol. vi., p. 289.).— MR. BOLTON CORNEY has probably been already informed that the Eastern characters on his printed slip signify, "The Arab Master (or Master of the Arabic), George, son of Mirza, of the cities of Aleppo."

If medinát for medíneh be not a mistranscription, Jerjís el Arabí was probably no great scribe. In the year 1727, the Arab version of the New Testament was published in London at the expense of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, under the superintendence of Salomon Negri of Damascus. (See De Schnurrer's Bibliotheca Arabica, p. 376.) Mrs. Swinton was widow of the celebrated orientalist. ANATOL.

Pepys's Morma (Vol. vi., p. 342.).—Since the publication of the third edition of the Diary, the register of All-Hallows, Barking, has been consulted, and the only burial therein recorded as having taken place on the 22nd of October, 1662, is that of Elizabeth, daughter of John Dickens, whose interment on the 14th of the same month had been previously entered.

The young lady's real name is thus clearly identified; but we are still uninformed why Pepys called her "Morma." BRAYBROOKE.

Was Morell's Book-plate by Hogarth ? (Vol. vi., p. 322.).-Collectors (and I speak from experience, but yet with deference) are not aware of any Morell book-plate by Hogarth. At the sale at Christie's (April, 1845) of Mr. Standly's Hogarths (the finest collection of Hogarths ever formed), there was a drawing of Morell, and undoubtedly by Hogarth. Mr. Standly had a choice collection of book-plates by Hogarth, now in my possession, without the names of the persons for whom they were executed. Will MR. HOOPER kindly call at No. 6. Pall Mall, and show me the Morell book-plate? I

66

Motto (Vol. vi., p. 291.).-In answer to F. M. M., I beg to state that O Hen Fonedd signifies "of ancient family" or lineage." Why the Dyers of Ovington made use of the Welsh tongue, would doubtless appear from their pedigree. A. N.

Egyptian Beer (Vol. vi., p. 72.).—I extract the following, bearing upon this subject, from the letter of the special foreign correspondent on the agriculture of Egypt in the Morning Chronicle of August 27th:

"I should mention also an abominable mixture which my crew had with them on the river: it was a liquor called Boozer, and said to be intoxicating. It is much in vogue among the lower orders in Egypt, and I find that it is made from a fermentation of bread in water. I thought it peculiarly filthy, but it is said to have been used in ancient Egypt, and to be the liquor mentioned by Herodotus."

BEROSUS.

Title of James I. (Vol. vi., p. 270.).— Allow me to suggest that K. and his friends are mistaken about "Kinge James on England;" and that the word which they have rendered on is "ou" with an inflexion above it thus: "ou," signifying over, the "u" being, as it were, synonymous with v. This mode of abbreviation (which may be imperfeet in the MS. alluded to) is very common in MSS. prior to and about that period. ANOTHER K.

“ Courtier and Learned Writer" (Vol. vi., p. 56.). -I have long ago seen the fine passage commencing with "All things are serious round about us," &c., in print, and Sir Francis Walsingham named as the author. This sample of his style and sentiments made me anxious to see more of his works, but I have never been able to find any edition of them; though I have consulted various catalogues, and searched public libraries. I once bought a little book-catalogue under the name of Walsingham's Manual, of which the proper title is Arcana Aulica, published 1655, under the impression that it might be a work of Sir Francis Walsingham's: but though a rare and very curious little volume, it is not his. Perhaps some contributor would be directed by this notice, and return the kindness by advising where any published work of Sir Francis Walsingham's may be met with.

Belmont.

A. B. R.

Plague Stones (Vol. vi., p. 58.).—I am your correspondent K., whose account of a "Plague Stone" in his possession you were pleased to insert

at p. 58. of your current volume. As an interesting confirmation of the tradition thereto attached, and likewise as an instance of “burial in unconsecrated ground," I forward the result of an investigation which I made on the 10th of July last, in company with one or two friends, on the precise spot assigned by local tradition as the grave of those who died of the plague in the Wash Lane, Latchford, near Warrington. Here we ascertained by an iron probe the existence of a large stone at a depth of two feet below the surface. On laying it bare, it proved to be a thick slab of red sandstone, rough from the quarry, five feet one inch in length, and two feet three inches broad, with one extremity rounded, and broken across the middle. Beneath it, we found the bones of the pelvis and lower extremities of a male human being; and, near the pelvis, the skull and lower jaw. It was clear that in the investigation made by the farm labourers in 1843, the slab had been broken; and the bones beneath this portion, with the exception of the head, which had probably been thrown in again, removed and lost. The field is known as the Broom Field, and is glebe land, though distant half a mile from the parish church and rectory.

I may add, that in the parish registers of Budworth, Cheshire, under the date of April, 1647, the names of several are recorded as having died in this part of the county from the plague, but who were buried at the village or hamlet of Barnton, two miles distant from Budworth, although no consecrated ground existed there.

K.

B. V. V. are the initials of the line but one preceding, and, with what goes before, make out the lines quoted by R. F. L. A. B. R.

Belmont.

Sir W. Geli (Pompeiana, vol. i. p. 83.) tells us that this epigram is a translation of an inscription, referred to by Athenæus as having been carved on a stone or marble at the entrance of a bath. He, however, gives it as follows:

"Balnea, vina, Venus corrumpunt corpora sana, Corpora sana dabunt balnea, vina, Venus." Can any one furnish us with the original, and its authorship? Meanwhile

"Nil agit exemplum quod litem lite resolvit." BOTICUS.

Edgmond, Salop.

Civilation (Vol. vi., p. 199.).—Civilation is used in the sense ascribed to it by J. D. W. in Dr. Magin's poem of "Daniel O'Rourke iv. 35., Blackwood's Magazine, April, 1821, p. 84. Dan is in difficulties, and on the moon:

"Said he 'Tis certain that I was not right
To get into this state of civilation."

The word is italicised, and explained in a note:

"A cant phrase in Cork for a state of intoxication. A worthy orator of ours, who had taken a glass or two too much, was haranguing at a debating society on the state of Ireland before the English invasion, and the whole harangue was this: Sir, the Irish had no civilation, civization, civilation I mean.' Finding, however, his efforts to get civilization out impracticable, he sat down with the satisfaction of having added a new word to our language. Every drunken man ever since is here said to be in a state of civilation."

U. U. Club.

H. B. C.

Dutensiana (Vol. vi., p. 292.). — Lewis Dutens, A.M. and F.R.S., died in London, 23rd May, 1812, aged eighty-three. He was rector of the parish of the Elsdon, Northumberland, from 1765 to his death; he was also a canon of Windsor, historiographer to the king, and a member of the French Academy of Belles Lettres. In 1768 he published at Geneva, in six volumes 4to., with prefaces, the entire works of Leibnitz; and in the following year, in English, his Discoveries of the Ancients attributed to the Moderns, which was originally written in French, and published at Paris in 1766: this is a very curious and elaborate performance. His last work, Memoirs of a Traveller now in Retirement, to which your correspondent alludes, was written at an advanced period of life. He was probably the last spiritual person employed in a lay office. He resided little at Elsdon, where he was esteemed a good, kindhearted man, although somewhat eccentric in his manner and habits; when there, he occupied the

second floor of the little border tower of which the parsonage house consists. Was he not also the author of Correspondence interceptée ? * W.

"Bis dat qui cito dat" (Vol. i., p. 330.). — This Italian proverb will be found in Ray's Collection, edit. 1768:

"He giveth twice that gives in a trice."
"Qui cito dat, bis dat."

"Dono molto aspettato, è venduto, non donato." "A gift long waited for, is sold, not given."

It is also thus recorded in Ward's Collection, p. 43., London edition of 1842 :

"He gives twice that gives in a trice."

66

66

Quien dá luego, dá dos veces."

Doppelt giebt, wer bald giebt."

The Italians have other proverbs of a totally different sense. From those we have met with we quote the following:

"Who gives away his goods before he is dead, Take a beetle, and knock him on the head." "Chi da il suo inanzi morire, il s'apparecchia assai patire."

The Spaniards have a proverb of similar import, which we have seen in a collection of Spanish proverbs, published in London in 1658:

Adrian Scrope the Regicide (Vol. vi., p. 290.).— Very full pedigrees of the family of Scrope of Bolton Castle, Yorkshire, from whom the regicide was descended, appear in Blore's History of Rutland, pp. 7-10. Adrian Scrope and his children may be found in Pedigree IV., and short biographical notices of him and his son in the notes, p. 9. J. P. Jun.

Was Penn ever a Slaveholder? (Vol. vi., p. 150.).

MR. CROSFIELD asks, “Did William Penn ever make use of Negro slaves?" As this question is put, I should think he did; and for my authority in thus believing would refer MR. CROSFIELD to Hepworth Dixon's recent Life of Penn, published in London in 1851, p. 389.:

"Many years after this he (Penn) spoke of slavery as a matter of course, and though he refrained from the actual purchase of negroes, so as in strict fact never to

[* This work is placed under Dutens' name in the Grenville Catalogue; and is attributed to him on the fly-leaf of William Seward's copy in the British Museum. - - ED.]

Does the Furze Bush grow in Scandinavia? (Vol. vi., p. 127.). — Professor Fries of Upsala, who is the most recent and best authority concerning the plants of Scandinavia, states that the Ulex Europeus grows plentifully in South Denmark, rarely in the northern part of that country. He also finds it in part of Scania plentifully, but states that it is only found as an introduced plant in the districts to the north of these. The story concerning Linnæus, mentioned by D., is, to say the best of it, apocryphal. C. C. B.

St. John's College, Cambridge.

Use of Slings by the Early Britons. - Having waited and inquired in vain on this topic, will you allow me to answer, as far as I can, my own Query? Within a few days past, in reading Mr. Wright's work on The Celt, the Roman, and the Saxon, I have been much pleased to find in a note on p. 104. that "The British slingers (exculyounger catores) are found among the Palatine auxiliaries." This seems to raise to a high point the probability that the sea-pebbles found so abundantly in the pits on Weston Hill were destined for the sling. H. G. T. Weston-super-Mare.

Blessing by the Hand.-It has been shown (Vol. iv., p. 74.) that the ancient form as preserved in the Greek Church is symbolical of the name of Jesus Christ; whilst the Latin Church, having lost the significant symbol, sometimes use three fingers (including the thumb), which are popularly, but ignorantly, supposed to represent the three persons in the Trinity; and sometimes, as is done by the present Pope, and as Cardinal Wolsey used to form it, with two fingers only, which form it is clear does not represent the Holy Trinity. The origin of the thumb and two fingers is not of Christian, but of heathen derivation; for Apuleius mentions this practice as the usual one with orators soliciting the attention of an audience :

"Porrigit dexteram, et ad instar oratorum conformat articulum; duobusque infimis conclusis digitis, ceteros eminentes porrigit.”—Metamorph. ii. 34.

The uproar by which applause is indicated in modern times would have little suited the refined delicacy of the Athenian or Roman ear in their enormous amphitheatres; hence, for applause,

these ancients elevated their thumbs, and to convey dissatisfaction inverted them; a noiseless, but still a very significant, mode of conveying the popular feeling. Here again the fingers, as in the case of the orator, spoke to the eye when the voice, the clapping of hands, stamping of feet, groaning, &c.-to say nothing of cock-crowing-would be either inaudible from one person, or most distracting from ten or twenty thousand. T. J. BUCKTON.

Bristol Road, Birmingham.

sauve

Pavia Francis the First found consolation for the "La Garde meurt," &c. (Vol. vi., p. 11.).—As at loss of the battle in the remark, "Tout est perdu hormis l'honneur," so at Waterloo, when "" qui peut" became the order of the day, the vanquished are said to have solaced themselves with the thought that their famous "Garde" preferred been embodied in the words "La Garde meurt death to dishonour. That sentiment has since et ne se rend pas," upon which the French plume themselves, not only as an indignant protest against the loss of the battle, but as containing a happy transposition, which invests the thought with peculiar significance and force, by placing death as the foremost object in the contemplation of the soldier.

ар

This saying has been ascribed to almost every man that played a conspicuous part on the side of the French at Waterloo, but more commonly to General Cambronne than to any one else. I prehend, however, that it may be traced to a more ancient source than either Murat or Cambronne, and that it is, at best, but a feeble version of the memorable words uttered by one of Virgil's heroes:

"Moriamur, et in media arma ruamus!"

The "emphatic" expression said to have been used by Murat, has been inaccurately described by your Querist as a monosyllable. According to French prosody, it is a dissyllable, and the more clearly so, the more emphatically it is pronounced. HENRY H. BREEN.

St. Lucia.

Brasses in Dublin (Vol. vi., pp. 167. 254. 278. 281.).—Permit me to thank your correspondents WILLIAM W. K., E. N., and A. A. D. for their communications. The date of the brass to Dean Fyche should be 1527, as rightly stated in the first of these notes, not 1537. Impressions of the

brasses at Dublin are in the Print Room of the British Museum. I have for some time been familiar with the copies, but did not know where the originals were to be found, the inscriptions simply stating that Robert Sutton and Galfrid Ffyche were "of this cathedral." Both memorials are on rectangular plates: that to Dean Sutton measures 1'10"x 15"; that to Dean Geoffrey Ffyche 2′ 0′′ × 1′ 9′′. W. SPARROW SIMPSON