nection with Dr. Harry M. Still opened an office in New York city. Later he bought the interests in the practice of Dr. Still and is continuing in the profession at the metropolis.

Physicians of the school of osteopathy who have practiced in Peoria are the following:

Dr. Logan H. Taylor, a graduate of the Kirksville school in 1897. Through the solicitations of William M. Lyons he took up his residence in Peoria in June of the year just given. Dr. Lyons was a native of St. Louis, Missouri, where he was educated in the private schools. He also attended the Military Academy at West Chester, Pennsylvania, after which he spent two years at the Missouri State University and two years in the Missouri State Medical School. His practice in Peoria was successful and at times he was associated with Drs. Canada Wendell and G. R. Boyer. Dr. Taylor died September 6, 1906, at the age of forty-two.

Dr. Canada Wendell was born on a farm near New Holland, Illinois, April 27, 1868. His education was received in the common schools and in Lincoln University, at Lincoln, Illinois. Leaving the university, he spent one year at Central Normal School at Danville, Illinois, and another year at the Northern Indiana Normal School at Valparaiso. He taught school a year and for six and a half years engaged in the mercantile business. In February, 1898, Mr. Wendell entered Kirksville School of Osteopathy and graduated therefrom in 1900. Previous to this, in the summer of 1899, he was in Peoria as an assistant to Dr. L. H. Taylor. After his graduation he returned to Peoria and entered into partnership with Dr. Taylor, which association continued under the firm name of Taylor & Wendell until November 7, 1901. At the time last mentioned Dr. Wendell formed a partnership with Dr. E. G. Magill, which connection still continues.

Dr. E. G. Magill is a native of central Ohio and received his primary education in the public schools. He taught school a few terms and then came to Illinois and entered the state normal, where he remained some little time and then took up a course of study in. Wesleyan University, at Bloomington. He was a teacher in the schools for fifteen years. He graduated from the American School of Osteopathy in 1901 and in December of that year became associated in practice with Dr. Canada Wendell. At the present time the firm of Wendell & Magill is still in existence.

Mrs. R. M. Magill, daughter of a physician of the old school, laid a foundation for the profession of teaching in the common and state normal schools. She taught for twenty-two years, and with her husband she went to the American School of Osteopathy in Kirksville and graduated therefrom in June, 1907. She then located with her husband in Peoria and became the assistant of the firm of which he was a member. Mrs. Magill died in 1912.

Dr. Edgar O. Thawley was born in Delaware. He was educated in the public schools and had a private tutor in Latin, physics, etc. He graduated from the Kirksville school in June, 1902, and in the same year he took a special course in anatomy and dissection. In December of that year Dr. Thawley arrived in Peoria and began the practice of his profession. Later he took a summer course in pathology and bacteriology in the American College at Chicago. In 1912 Dr. Thawley was elected president of the Illinois State Osteopathy Association.

Dr. G. R. Boyer is a native of Kentucky and was educated in Central College of that state, having graduated therefrom with honors in 1895. In 1901 he entered the American School of Osteopathy at Kirksville and graduated in June, 1902. He then located in Peoria and entered into practice with Dr. Taylor, with whom he was associated for some time. Dr. Boyer has been active in securing state and national recognition in the science and was the delegate from Illinois to the legislative council in 1912. His wife entered Kirksville school with her husband and graduated at the same time. She has not practiced in this city, however.

H. J. Faulkin was born in Logan county, Illinois, in 1875. He secured his education in the district schools, entered the American School of Osteopathy in 1899 and graduated in 1901. He commenced practice the same year at Pekin and remained there until May, 1907, when he located at Peoria.

M. J. Grieves was born at Lacon, Illinois. He received his schooling in his native place and entered the Kirksville College in 1905, from which he graduated in June, 1909. He came direct to Peoria and engaged in practice.

CHAPTER XXV

THE BENCH AND BAR-FIRST COURTS, JUDGES AND LAWYERS-AN INDIAN TRIED FOR MURDER-SKETCHES OF SOME OF PEORIA'S FAMOUS ADVOCATES-THE LATE JUDGE M'CULLOCH'S RECOLLECTIONS—DESCRIPTION OF LINCOLN-DOUGLAS DE

BATE-COLONEL ROBERT G. INGERSOLL-PEORIA BAR ASSOCIATION..

A pleasing and interesting sketch was written in 1899 by the late Judge David McCulloch and published in "The Bench and Bar of Illinois," in which he gave his recollections and impressions of the early courts of Peoria county, the eminent men who sat upon the bench in these courts and the pioneer lawyers and their successors, many of whom attained prominence and distinction, not only in their chosen profession but also in places of political eminence secured by the votes and influence of admiring friends and adherents. From a residence of over a half century in Peoria and a membership of the Peoria bar almost as long, Judge McCulloch's acquaintance with the courts of this district and the lawyers practicing therein, coupled with his ability to judge character, accuracy of expression, and facile pen, he was splendidly equipped to write lucidly and with certainty upon the early history of the bench and bar of Peoria county. By permission, his article as published is here reproduced:

Peoria county was organized under an act of the legislature of January 13, 1825, with its present boundaries, to which were added for county purposes all that tract of country north of town 20 and west of the third principal meridian, formerly a part of Sangamon county, and all that tract of land north of Peoria county and of the Illinois and Kankakee rivers. The territory so attached embraced a large portion of the north part of the state, including what is now the city of Chicago. Cook county was not organized until 1831. It is of interest to note that, as shown by the early records of Peoria county, licenses in those times were granted by its county authorities to certain persons to maintain ferries over the Chicago river at Fort Dearborn and the "Callimink" (Calumet), at the head of Lake Michigan, as well as to keep a tavern at Chicago, and that, although Chicago had its own justices of the peace, yet persons desiring to be married there were obliged to come to Peoria for their marriage licenses.

The first term of the circuit court commenced the 14th day of November, 1825, with John York Sawyer, judge; John Dillon, clerk; and Samuel Fulton, sheriff. The court was held in a log building, fourteen feet square, that stood on the bank of the river. It had only one window and its loft was low-in fact it was a genuine log cabin. It also served for religious meetings on the Sabbath. The basement was reached through an opening or door on the river side and was sometimes used as a jail, sometimes as a stable. A better jail, built of three thicknesses of logs, with a log floor covered with oak plank well spiked, was subsequently erected and continued to be the county prison for

many years.

The following testimony of some of the earliest settlers will throw much light upon the administration of justice in those early days. John Hamlin, writing in 1844, says: "In the year 1826 I lived three miles from Mackinaw, on the

Peoria and Springfield road, in what is now Tazewell county, but then attached to Peoria; and, being twenty-one years of age that year, I was summoned on the grand jury. There were not enough adults then in Peoria county proper to form the grand and petit juries, and hence they were summoned from the attached portion. All the grand juries but two were from the east side of the Illinois river, and were chiefly my neighbors. We took our provisions and bedding, the latter being a blanket or quilt for each. It was also the practice in those days to take along a flagon of liquor, and the custom was not omitted on this occasion. In truth, so faithfully was the flagon put under requisition that but two of our number were sober when we appeared in court to receive the judge's charge. Judge Sawyer was the presiding judge, James Turney the prosecuting attorney, and Messrs. Cavalry, Pugh, Bogardus and Turney the entire bar.

"There were only about eight bills of indictment found by the grand juryone of these against an Indian named Nomaque, for murder. He had been tried the fall before, but, obtaining a new trial, he was indicted again this term. "The court house was a log building on the bank of the river, in which the jurors slept on their blankets on the floor. There was a tavern kept by Mr. Bogardus, but it was not large enough to furnish sleeping accommodations for them. The grand jury room was a lumber cabin, in which Bogardus kept saddles and other cattle fixings."

Nomaque, the Indian mentioned in the above extract, had been tried at the first term of the court held by Judge Sawyer, at which time he was convicted for the murder of a Frenchman and sentenced to be hanged; William Hamilton, a son of the celebrated Alexander Hamilton, being counsel for the defense, and James Turney, attorney general, for the prosecution. The case had been carried to the supreme court and the judgment reversed. It is reported in Beecher's Breese, with copious notes by the author. At the time of his second indictment, there being no secure jail, the sheriff kept him under guard at a private house, when an attempt was made at his rescue by some drunken Indians, but without success. He was afterward allowed to quit the country and is reported to have united his fortunes with Black Hawk, and to have lost his life in the battle of Stillman's Run. It has been hinted that "the flagon" cut quite a figure in his first trial.

In the same year (1844) Isaac Underhill wrote as follows: "I first landed on the shore of Peoria lake on Christmas day, 1833, and took lodging with our worthy townsman, A. O. Garrett, who then kept the 'Peoria Hotel,' in a small two-story wooden building at the corner of Main and Washington streets. The only building west of the hotel at that time was a barn, a short distance up Main street. The entire town consisted of but seven frame houses and a few log tenements. The day following I left in the steamboat 'Peoria' for the south. In a few months I returned again to Peoria. During my absence preparations had been made for building, and before the first of September about forty houses and stores were erected.

"Judge Young was the presiding judge at that time and held the circuit court in a small building, fourteen feet square, on the river bank. The grand jury sat under the shade of a crabapple tree, and the petit jury deliberated in an old French cellar, partially filled up, and surrounded with a growth of rank weeds. and grass. The venerable Isaac Waters was clerk of the court. His office and dwelling were in a small log cabin, where now (1844) stand the plow works of Tobey & Anderson. The old gentleman used to carry the seal of the court in his pocket, and on one occasion, by mistake, offered it to the postmaster in payment of postage.

"The only practicing members of the bar that resided here at that time were the Hon. Lewis Bigelow and Charles Ballance. The former was an eminent jurist and profound scholar. I was informed that he wrote a digest of the laws of Massachusetts, a valuable work of upward of eight hundred pages, with one quill. He died here in 1838. William Frisby, a member of the bar of much