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March, 1906, at the Dresden Technische Hochschule seventeen; of these thirty-three we find that eight passed the viva voce examination with distinction, whilst the ages of the candidates varied from twenty-three to thirty-nine years. As a reason for this small number of the students who eventually take the degree, it is said that the great majority of the students, after having passed through their eight semesters of stiff study and obtained the coveted diploma, qualifying them to style themselves " Dipl. Ing.,' have frequently neither the desire nor the means for the extra semester's study and research necessary for the doctor's degree.

THERE is no diminution in the generosity shown by American citizens Science towards higher education. announces that Columbia University has received 1000l. for a mathematical prize, given by Mrs. Louise T. Hoyt. Mr. Edward S. Harkness has given 540l. to the morphological museum at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Mr. Archer M. Huntington 200l. to support a lectureship in geography. In April, 1905, Mr. Andrew Carnegie offered Morningside College, Sioux City, Iowa, 10,000l. on condition that they raised 30,000l. On April 3, 1906, his conditions for the gift were satisfied, and Mr. Carnegie's cheque has been received. Mr. Carnegie has also given the sum of 10,000l. to Drury College, at Springfield, Missouri, on condition that the college increases its resources by the sum of 40,000l. About one-third of this sum has been raised since January 1. Mr. R. Y. Cummings has given 4000l. to the Field Museum of Natural History to defray the expenses of an ethnological study of the native tribes of the Philippine Islands.

ALBION COLLEGE is now building a new biological laboratory, which is expected, we learn from Science, to be completed in time for the opening of the college year in September. Mr. Andrew Carnegie has promised 4000l. to the endowment fund of the college on condition that 16,000l. additional is raised for the purpose. Mr. Carnegie has also given Kenyon College 5000l. to aid poor students. scholarship of 1000l. has been given to Barnard College, Columbia University, by Mrs. George W. Collord in memory of her brother. By the will of Roland Hayward, of Milton, Mass., the museum of comparative zoology of Harvard University will receive the testator's collection of Coleoptera.

A new

A CLAUSE in the Education Bill before Parliament will, if it eventually become part of the Act, abolish the Teachers' Register. There is a strong feeling among teachers in secondary schools and others that such a course would be very prejudicial to the progress of secondary and higher education, inasmuch as it would discourage the movement to secure adequate training for secondary-school teachers. A meeting of the heads of training colleges for secondary-school masters and mistresses in all parts of the country was held at Bedford College, London, on May 26, to consider the proposals of the Government, and after discussion numerous resolutions were adopted unanimously. These resolutions declared that, as a result of the proposal, public confidence in the stability of the Board of Education has been shaken seriously; that a part of the present register fulfils a purpose that is useful and not otherwise provided for; that grants and other administrative aids to the training of secondary-school teachers, as promised by the Board of Education, do not form a substitute for a register. The recognition of a profession, one resolution insists, with powers over entrance to its ranks, is an essential element in creating a respected and permanent profession; and another lays it down that in view of the difference of conditions at the various centres of training and of the necessity for experiments in the training of teachers, the Board of Education should give as much liberty as possible in the regulations under which the preparation for diplomas is conducted.

THE current number of the University Review contains a vigorous article by Mr. H. P. Biggar on the establishment of a graduate school at Oxford. One of the chief aims of a university should be, the article insists, the extension of the bounds of knowledge in each department of learning by masters who are capable of making fresh discoveries therein. This object is constantly before the

minds of the authorities of German and French universities. In both these countries the graduation of students is dependent upon their success in prosecuting research, and from France and Germany instruction in research has spread to the United States. Since 1876, Princeton, Columbia, Chicago, Cornell, and other American universities have found themselves bound to establish graduate schools where training may be obtained in research, and from the United States post-graduate studies have spread to Canada. With us, however, graduate studies are prac tically unknown. At Oxford, for instance, which Mr. Biggar takes as an example, because it is there alone that Rhodes scholars may study, the University ceases to enforce any test of proficiency beyond the degree of Bachelor of Arts. The B.A. has but to continue to pay certain tes to his college for about three and a half years after taking his degree, when he may come up, pay some 20l., receive the degree of Master of Arts, and become a member of Convocation. What is wanted, Mr. Biggar maintains, is to establish at Oxford a proper graduate school, that is merely the reinforcement of a thesis, either for the M. A. or for the doctor's degree. The important part is tha the increase of knowledge should be looked upon as on of the main ends to be kept in view. Then, perhaps, the Rhodes scholars will discontinue to experience the dis illusionment which awaits many of them, who come hoping to find themselves among the makers of new know ledge! and participating in the glorious work.

of

THE distinguished representatives of the University of Paris and the Collège de France, together with guests from nine other French universities, arrived in London on June 4, and have during the week been entertained by the University of London and the Modern Language Assocation. The visitors were met at Victoria Station by Sir Edward Busk, Vice-Chancellor of the University of London: Sir Arthur Rücker, principal of the University; and many members of different faculties of the University and of the Modern Language Association. In the evening of June 4 the French guests were entertained at an informal dinner. Sir Walter Palmer, chairman of the London University organisation committee, in proposing in French the toast Our Guests," said that the visit is a unique fact in the annals of university life, which will long rema 7 imprinted on our hearts as a new phase in the scientif and literary development of the two nations represented What could be of happier augury than so distinguished an assembly of men of letters and of science leaving their country and paying a visit to their colleagues in order to draw closer still the bonds existing between the arts an. the sciences of the two countries? M. Bayet, director c higher education at the Ministry of Public Instruction, responding in French, remarked that if there is a domain in which the entente cordiale has its place it is the domain of letters, science, and art. It has long had its place there. for if we reascend the current of the centuries we find tha this entente cordiale has existed almost always between England and France. We are creditors and debtors of each other. Frenchmen, he said, salute the profound influence which England has exerted upon them in the domain of letters, science, and art. They know the English writers. poets, and philosophers, they love them, they have draw” inspiration from them, and in their hearts they associate themselves with the cult of great writers and thinkers. M. Lippmann, who responded for the faculty of science of the University of Paris, spoke in English, and sai! science is not bounded by the Channel nor has it a loc." habitation. There is but one geometry throughout the world. The laws of nature reach beyond the stars. that reason the guests feel at home in any place among the brotherhood of scientific men. He continued, it is a happy dispensation that a university should have bee founded within the precincts of this huge city. Londonis gigantic in size, wealth, and might; its shipping is urrivalled, its commercial activity unexampled; but the greater the pressure of business, the heavier the load of accumlated wealth, the more needful it is to augment the power of the priceless element which is the soul of a university the more so as the experimental work done in laboratories and in experimental research of any kind is the prime source of industrial progress, as well as an antidote to

Fir

fortune. On Tuesday the visitors were received at the Foreign Office in order that Lord Fitzmaurice and Mr. Lough, M.P., might welcome them officially on behalf of the Government. At the conclusion of the reception they were driven to the University of London, where luncheon was served. Addresses were afterwards delivered by the Vice-Chancellor (Sir Edward Busk), M. Liard, Sir Arthur Rucker, and Prof. M. E. Sadler, and a visit was made to the new physical and chemical laboratories of the Royal College of Science. In the evening several receptions were held in honour of the guests.

SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES.

LONDON.

Geological Society, May 9.- Mr. Aubrey Strahan, F.R.S., vice-president, in the chair.-The eruption of Vesuvius in April, 1906: Prof. Giuseppe de Lorenzo. After the great eruption of 1872 Vesuvius lapsed into repose, marked by merely solfataric phenomena, for three years. Strombolian activity followed, varied by lateral outpourings of lava in 1885, 1889, 1891, 1895, &c., and by outbursts from the principal crater in 1900 and 1904. Fissuring of the cone and slight outpourings of lava began in May, 1905, and continued until April 4, 1906, when the first great outburst from the principal crater occurred, accompanied by the formation of deeper and larger fissures in the southern wall of the cone, from which a great mass of fluid and scoriaceous lava was erupted. After a pause the maximum outburst took place during the night of April 7 and 8, and blew 3000 feet into the air scoriæ and lapilli of lava, as well as fragments derived from the wreckage of the cone. The south-westerly wind carried this ash to Ottajano and San Giuseppe, which were buried under 3 feet of it, and even swept it on to the Adriatic and Montenegro. At this time the lava which reached Torre Annunziata was erupted. The decrescent phase began on April 8, but the collapse of the cone of the principal crater was accompanied by the ejection of steam and dust to a height of from 22,000 feet to 26,000 feet. On April 9 and 10 the wind was north-easterly, and the dust was carried over Torre del Greco and as far as Spain; but on April 11 the cloud was again impelled northward. The ash in the earlier eruptions was dark in colour, and made of materials derived directly from the usual type of leucotephritic magma; but later it became greyer, and mixed with weathered clastic material from the cone. The great cone had an almost horizontal rim on April 13, very little higher than Monte Somma, and with a crater which possibly exceeds 1000 feet in diameter; this cone was almost snow-white from the deposit of sublimates. Many deaths were due to asphyxia, but the collapse of roofs weighted with dust was a source of much danger, as was the case at Pompeii in A.D. 79. The lava-streams surrounded trees, many of which still stood in the hot lava ath their leaves and blossoms apparently uninjured. The sea-level during April 7 and 8 was lowered 6 inches near Pozzuoli and as much as 12 inches near Portici, and had not returned to its previous level on April 18. The maximum activity coincided almost exactly with the full moon, and at the time the volcanoes of the Phlegræan Fields and of the islands remained in their normal condition. The author believes that this eruption of Vesuvius is greater than any of those recorded in history, with two exceptions -th of A.D. 79 and of A.D. 1631.-The Ordovician rocks of western Caermarthenshire: D. C. Evans. The ground dealt with is practically identical with that examined by the late Thomas Roberts, whose notes were published in It extends from the River Cywyn on the east to The Tave on the west, and from the base of the Old Red Sandstone on the south to the top of the DicranograptusSales on the north.

Zoological Society, May 15.—Dr. J. Rose Bradford, FRS, vice-president, in the chair.-Descriptions of the ** species of water-mites (Hydrachnida) collected by Mr. WA Cunnington in Lake Nyasa during the third Taninvika expedition, 1904-5: J. N. Halbert.-A collection

mammals made by Mr. W. Stalker in the northern territory of South Australia, and presented to the National

Museum by Sir William Ingram, Bart., and the Hon. John Forrest: O. Thomas. The collection included sixteen species, of which the two following were of special interest :-Mus forresti, sp.n. Size, medium. Colour, drab-grey above, white below. Teeth with their laminæ peculiarly twisted, the first molars with large cingular ledges. Head and body, 104 mm.; tail, 72 mm.; hind foot, 19 mm. Type, B.M. No. 6.3.9.39. Phascogale ingrami, sp.n. Size, minute; the teeth and feet smaller than in any known Australian marsupial. Head peculiarly flattened. Head and body, 80 mm.; tail, 60 mm.; hind foot, 10 mm. Type, B.M. No. 6.3.9.77.-The skull of a young ribbon-fish (Regalecus): Prof. W. B. Benham and W. J. Dunbar.-Descriptions of two species-one of them new-of hair-worms of the family Gordiida: Dr. von Linstow. The specimens were obtained in Korea by Mr. Malcolm Anderson, who was making collections of the fauna of eastern Asia for the Duke of Bedford.-Descriptions of a new lizard, a new snake, and a new collected in Uganda by Mr. E. Degen: G. A. Boulenger. -The gestation and parturition of certain monkeys that had bred in the society's menagerie in the spring of the present year: R. I. Pocock.

toad

Faraday Society, My 15.-Dr. F. Mollwo Perkin, treasurer, in the chair.---Behaviour of platinised electrodes : H. D. Law. The author desired to find an electrode on which the reduction of the aromatic aldehydes and similar easily reducible compounds could not be effected. Platinised platinum, as being the metal from which hydrogen is liberated at the lowest potential, was tried as the kathode in an acidified alcoholic solution of benzaldehyde. At first energetic reduction took place; the activity of this, however, diminished in successive experiments, and was extremely small after twelve hours' polarisation.-The electrolysis of fused zinc chloride in cells heated externally : Julius L. F. Vogel. The dehydration of zinc chloride by evaporating under reduced pressure, and the electrolysis of the salt in a fused state in externally heated cells were investigated by Dr. O. J. Steinhart and the author jointly on behalf of the Smelting Corporation, Ltd. Further investigations were made after the United Alkali Company had joined the Smelting Corporation in testing the process, and details are given in the paper of the work as carried out under the joint supervision of the author's firm and the chemical staff of the United Alkali Company. The author describes how the process was carried successfully to a stage when continuous electrolysis was carried on for eleven days and nights, and three cwt. of pure zinc was produced. On the failure of the Smelting Corporation the work was suspended, and finally abandoned, although further elaborate investigations were undertaken by the United Alkali Company utilising cells heated internally by the current.

Royal Microscopical Society, May 16.-Dr. D. H. Scott, F.R.S., president, in the chair.-Some observations recently made on the parasites of malaria and the phagocytic action of the polymorphonuclear leucocytes: Dr. Bernstein. The subject was illustrated by drawings showing the results of observations made during the examination of blood taken from a patient suffering from malarial fever. The observations were made at intervals of a few minutes during a period of five hours. A crescent form of the parasite was seen to become engulphed by a leucocyte, in which it was soon surrounded by vacuoles and was ultimately destroyed, only the pigment granules remaining; other leucocytes afterwards approached and absorbed some of the granules. The blood film was stained, and the preparation, showing the pigment granules in the polymorphonuclear leucocytes, was exhibited under a microscope at the meeting.

Chemical Society, May 17.-Prof. R. Meldola, F.R.S., president, in the chair.-The relation between absorption spectra and chemical constitution, part vi., the phenylhydrazones of simple aldehydes and ketones: E. C c Baly and W. B. Tuck. A spectroscopic investigation of the phenylhydrazones of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propylaldehyde, acetone, and diethylketone shows that these exist in two forms, an unstable true hydrazone and a stable azo-form. The absorption spectra of the hydrazones of the

three nitrobenzaldehydes show that the colour of these substances is not due to their existence in the azo-form.-The rusting of iron: J. T. Nance. The "rusting" of iron in solutions of ammonium chloride is probably due to the action of hydrogen ions formed by hydrolysis of the salt. -Aromatic compounds obtained from the hydroaromatic series, part ii., the action of phosphorus pentachloride on trimethyldihydroresorcin: A. W. Crossley and J. S. Hills. -Studies of dynamic isomerism, part v., isomeric sulphonic derivatives of camphor: T. M. Lowry and E. H. Magson. -The densities of liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen and of their mixtures: J. K. H. Inglis and J. E. Coates. The results showed that a slight contraction took place on mixing the two liquids. It was found that the solubility of nitrogen in oxygen obeys Henry's law, but that the solubility of oxygen in nitrogen does not obey the simple form of that law, since oxygen dissolved in nitrogen is associated to the extent of about 9 per cent.-Glutaconic and aconitic acids: H. Rogerson and J. F. Thorpe.— The chemistry of organic acid " thiocyanates and their derivatives: A. E. Dixon.-The molybdilactate and the tungstilactate of ammonium: G. G. Henderson. Molybdic and tungstic anhydrides are dissolved, the latter with some difficulty, when heated on the water-bath with solutions of ammonium lactate, the products being ammonium molybdilactate, MoO2(C ̧H ̧O,NH)2, and ammonium tungstilactate, WO(CH,O,NH), respectively. Descriptions of these salts are given.

Society of Chemical Industry (London Section), May 21. -Mr. A. Gordon Salamon in the chair.-The electrochemical problem of the fixation of nitrogen: Prof. Philippe A. Guye. Among the many investigations undertaken to solve this problem, two directions have led to industrial methods, the one, calcium cyanamide, the other, electrochemical nitric acid. The principal technical details of the manufacture of calcium cyanamide are given, and it is pointed out that its cost price depends upon that of calcium carbide. From this it is concluded that a kilogram of nitrogen fixed as calcium cyanamide will cost a little more than ammonia salts and Chili saltpetre, if the excess of calcium carbide obtained in carbide works not available for the development of acetylene is used. This conclusion seems confirmed by some agricultural tests made with this new compound of nitrogen of which the value, relative to Chili saltpetre, is not definitely fixed. Passing to electrochemical nitric acid, the author summarises the principles of its preparation, and although these are very simple, the application has presented serious difficulties, which, however, now appear to be solved by the experiments carried out in Norway. The absorption of the nitric acid by sulphuric acid is insisted on, as this allows concentrated nitric acid to be directly obtained, which is of greater commercial value than nitrate of lime, and consequently of more interest to a new industry. Analysis of the cost of electrochemical nitric acid leads to the conclusion that a kilogram of nitrogen is fixed slightly cheaper as nitric acid than as calcium cyanamide. In concluding, the author discusses the exterior economic factors which may hasten the development of the nitrogen industries. Among these the direct synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen, and the recovery of the nitrogen of coal in the ammoniacal form by the methods of L. Mond are mentioned. These processes, combined with the production of electrochemical nitric acid, will in all probability solve the problem of obtaining electric energy cheaply by motors utilising the power of coal.

DUBLIN.

Royal Dublin Society, April 24.-Prof. J. A. McClelland in the chair.—Entoptic vision, part iv., Haidinger's brushes and other entoptic phenomena: Prof. W. F. Barrett, F.R.S. The term entoptic vision may be employed to include the observation of all those phenomena the cause of which is situated within the eyeball. In previous papers on this subject the author has shown how obscurities in the path of a homocentric pencil of rays within the eye may be self-detected, delineated, and measured with great ease by means of the entoptiscope, a simple instrument devised by the author. Obscurities due to incipient araract can be detected, and its progress watched and

the effect of any possible remedy examined. In the present paper the entoptic phenomena are studied, delineated, and submitted to exact measurement, such as (1) the so-called Haidinger's brushes, or coloured polarised fasciculi seen when a brightly illuminated surface is looked at through a Nicol's prism, and the seat of which has been the subject of considerable discussion; (2) the moving corpuscles, like darting fire-flies, seen when a bright sky is looked at through a cobalt blue glass. These are depicted and measured in the paper, and the result leaves little doubt that they are really due to the movement of blood corpuscles in the vessels of the retina, the curved streaks of light they leave behind being due to the retention of the image of a quickly-moving body. Other entoptic phenomena are also discussed.-The absorption of B radiation by matter: Prof. J. A. McClelland and J. E. Hackett. It is important to know the true coefficient of absorption of B rays for different substances. There are really no data on the subject, as the coefficient usually measured depends to a large extent upon the power of the substance to emit secondary B rays. This coefficient gives, therefore, little information as to the actual stopping power of different forms of atoms. The present paper describes a method of determining the true absorption coefficient.

Royal Irish Academy, April 23.-Dr. F. A. Tarleton, president, in the chair.-Magneto-optic rotation: F. E. Hackett. The author examines the two dispersion formula deduced by Drude for the magneto-optic rotation, and | brings forward a method to decide between them. The analysis consists in deducing from the constants of the formula, based on the hypothesis of rotating ions, the quotient of the area of the ionic orbit by the period of the ion for the absorption bands of carbon disulphide are creosote. The radii of the ionic orbits thus obtained ar 100 times the ordinary molecular radii. From this resu': it is argued that the theory of rotating ions cannot account for more than one-thousandth of the rotation observed in these substances. A similar analysis applied to the constants of the Hall effect formula leads to values of m of the same order as are obtained for electrons. Simil results are shown to hold in general for diamagnetic substances. It is then concluded that the theory based on the Hall effect gives a sufficient explanation of the rotation m diamagnetic substances.-The total solar eclipse of August 30, 1905 A. L. Cortie. The observations recorded in this paper were made at Vinaroz, on the Mediterrancar coast of Spain. The results were: (1) the corona was of the maximum type; (2) there were numerous prominences, especially one great group on the east limb of the sun; (3) the lower corona was much disturbed over this group, with a marked structure of arches and interlacing rings (4) a well-marked vortex-ring with a white centre connected with the prominences; (5) a ray, of presumab's dark matter, and a group of plumes, marked the southeast quadrant; (6) the dark ray and plumes coincided in position with the sun-spot regions, and were possibly connected with the area disturbed by the great February spot; (7) some straight bright rays marked the south-west quadrant, also in the region of the spot-zones; (8) the general trend of the streamers was north and south, the largest streamers being placed almost at the south pole (9) the inner corona was a ring of intense brilliancy, corparable to the full moon; (10) the streamers seemed general to mark the regions of prominences more ther those of spots.-Sixteen years' observations on the relation of temperature and rainfall to the spread of scarlatina measles, and typhoid fever: R. Sydney Marsden. Werke returns of cases of these diseases and the corresponding weekly variations of temperature and rainfall had been recorded for the years 1800-1905 at Birkenhead, and curve diagrams had been worked out to show the relation of the diseases to amount of rainfall and temperature as these varied above or below their average normal amount Atmospheric temperature was found to have no effect the spread of these diseases. As regards rainfall, this was shown to have no influence whatever as regars measles, but in the case of scarlatina the number of casas increased after deficient rainfall and decreased after rair the number of cases increases after a series of dry tea's

WJ

living cells E. Hertel.—Electric phenomena accompanying the disintegration of ammonium: A. Coehn. (March 3.A second communication on the same subject.)

February 17.-Researches from the Göttingen University Chemical Laboratory, xv. :-(1) The process of isomerisation in oximes; (2) isomeric forms of cyclodimethylhexylamine; (3) the simplest methene-hydrocarbons of the various ringsystems and their transformation into alicyclic aldehydes : Ó. Wallach.-Contributions to the theory of vortex-rings : J. Weingarten.

DIARY OF SOCIETIES.

THURSDAY, JUNE 7.

ROYAL SOCIETY, at 4.30.-On the Osmotic Pressures of some Concentrated Solutions: Earl of Berkeley and E. G. J. Hartley -On the Regeneration of Bone: Sir William MacEwen, F.R.S.-The Effects of Self-induction in an Iron Cylinder: Prof. E. Wilson.-An Account of the Pendulum Observations connecting Kew and Greenwich Observatories, made in 1903: Major G. P. Lenox-Conyngham.

ROYAL INSTITUTION. at 5.-Man and the Glacial Period: Prof. W. J. Sollas, F.R.S.

LINNEAN SOCIETY, at 8.-On Two New Species of Populus from Darjeeling H. H. Haines.-Biscayan Plankton, part viii., The Cephalopoda: W. E. Hoyle.-Part ix., The Medusa: E. T. Browne. CHEMICAL SOCIETY, at 8.30.-Ammonium Selenate and the Question of Isodimorphism in the Alkali Series: A. E. H. Tutton.-An Improved Beckman Apparatus for Molecular Weight Determination: J. M. Sanders.-Resolution of Lactic Acid by Morphine: J. C. Irvine.-The Vapour Pressures of Binary Mixtures, part i., The Possible Types of Vapour-pressure Curves: A. Marshall.-Action of Sodium on aa-Dichlor. propylene I. Smedley.-Thiocarbamide as a Solvent for Gold: J. Moir. -The Action of Sulphur Dioxide and Aluminium Chloride on Aromatic Compounds: S. Smiles and R. Le Rossignol.

FRIDAY, JUne 8.

ROYAL INSTITUTION, at 9.-Studies on Charcoal and Liquid Air: Sir James Dewar, F.R.S.

PHYSICAL SOCIETY, at 8.-On the Solution of Problems in Diffraction by the Aid of Contour Integration: H. Davies.-The Effect of Radium in Facilitating the Visible Electric Discharge in vacuo: A. A. Campbell Swinton. Mr. J. Goold's Experiments with a Vibrating Steel Plate, exhibited by Messrs. Newton and Co.-Fluid (liquid) resistance: Col. de Villamil.

ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, at 5.-The New Reduction of the Meridian Observations of Groombridge: Lewis Boss.-On Mr. Cowell's Discussion of Ancient Eclipses of the Sun: Simon Newcomb.-The Physical Condition of Mars: R. Crawford.-Promised Papers: Results of Micrometer Measures of Double Stars made with the 28-inch Refractor in the Year 1905: Royal Observatory, Greenwich.-Errors of Jupiter from Photographic and Transit Circle Observations: Royal Observatory, Greenwich. --A Simple Method of obtaining an Approximate Solution of Kepler's Problem (an Instrument will be shown by which the Solution is Effected): A. A. Rambaut.-Solar Parallax Papers, No. 4; the Magnitude Equa tion in Meridian Circle Right Ascensions of the "Etoiles de Repère": A. R. Hinks.-Spherical Slide Rule: W. B. Blaikie.-Discussion on some of the Results of Observations of the Solar Eclipse of 1905 August 30.-Contributions are promised by Prof. H. H. Turner and Mr. H. F. Newall-Mr. Newall promises a Paper, Notes on Polarisation Phenomena in the Solar Corona.

GEOLOGISTS' ASSOCIATION, at 8.-The Higher Zones of the Upper Chalk in the Western Part of the London Basin: H. J. Osborne White and Ll. Treacher.

MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY, at 8.-Mollusca of the Porcupine Expeditions, 1869-70, Supplemental Notes, part iii. E. R. Sykes.-Notes on the Dates of Publication of the "Mineral Conchology" and "Genera Rec. Foss. Shells": E. R. Sykes.-Description of Oliva ispidula, L.. var. longispira: F. G. Bridgman.-On Chloritis heteromphalus: H. A. Pilsbry.

VICTORIA INSTITUTE, at 4.-Wonders and Romance of Insect Life:
Frederick Enock.
THURSDAY, JUNE 14.

ROYAL SOCIETY, at 4.30.-Probable papers: The Experimental Analysis
of the Growth of Cancer: Dr. E. F. Bashford, J. A. Murray, and W. H.
Bowen. On the Electrical and Photographic Phenomena manifested by
certain Substances that are commonly supposed to be Etiologically
Associated with Carcinoma: Dr. W. S. Lazarus-Barlow.-The Bone
Marrow; a Cytological Study forming an Introduction to the Normal and
Pathological Histology of the Tissue: Dr. W. E. Carnegie Dickson.-
On the Relation of the Liver Cells to the Blood Vessels and Lymphatics:
P. T. Herring and S. Simpson.-(1) Note on Lipase; (2) The Hydrolytic
Action of Acids in Presence of Salts: Prof. H. E. Armstrong, F.R.S.
MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY, at 5. 30.-Exhibition of Models of Space-filling
Solids W. Bailey.-The Algebra of Apolar Linear Complexes: Dr.
H. F. Baker.

INSTITUTION OF MINING ENGINEERS, at 11 a.m.-Address by the President. The Commercial Possibilities of Electric Winding for Main Shafts and Auxiliary Work: W. C. Mountain. -Electrically-driven Aircompressors, combined with the working of the Ingersoll-Sergeant Heading-machines, and the subsequent working of the Busty Seam: A. Thompson.-Practical Problems of Machine-mining: Sam Mavor.The Strength of Brazed Joints in Steel Wires: Prof. Henry LouisBye-product Coke and the Huessener Bye-product Coke Ovens: J. A. Roelofsen.-Considerations on Deep Mining: George Farmer.

FRIDAY, JUNE 15.

INSTITUTION OF MINING ENGINEERS, at 10.30 a.m.-Rescue Apparatus and the Experience made therewith at the Courrières Collieries by the German Rescue Party: G. A. Meyer.-A New Apparatus for Rescuework in Mines: W. E. Garforth.-A Rateau Exhaust-steam-driven Three-phase Haulage Plant: William Maurice.-Development of Placer Gold-mining in the Klondike District, Canada: J. B. Tyrrell.-Mining Education: Prof. J. W. Gregory.-The Capacity-current and its Effect on Leakage Indications on Three-phase Electrical Power-service: Sydney F. Walker.-Petroleum Occurrences in the Orange River Colony: A. R. Sawyer.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE PROMOTION OF TECHNICAL AND SECONDARY EDUCATION, at 3.-Annual General Meeting.

tions

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Stars with Variable Radial Velocities Observations of Nova Persei No. 2 Observations of Shadow Bands

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The Radial Motion of B Arietis.

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The Royal Observatory, Greenwich. The Royal Society of Edinburgh National Galleries of Scotland Bill

The Discovery of Magnetic Declination. (Tilustrated.)

Irish Cave Explorations. (Illustrated.) By Dr. R. F.

Scharff.

New Pilot Charts

University and Educational Intelligence Societies and Academies

Diary of Societies

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