June 7.- Effects of Self-induction in an Iron Cylinder." By Prof. Ernest Wilson. Communicated by Sir William H. Preece, K.C.B., F.R.S.

An iron cylinder 10 inches (254 cm.) in diameter is traversed in the direction of its axis of figure by an electric current, which is allowed to become steady. Under the action of a sufficiently large potential difference and noninductive resistance the total current is suddenly reversed and maintained constant, and its propagation to the centre of the cylinder is investigated by aid of embedded exploring coils. The results show that a current of about 300 amperes takes two minutes to become steady over the whole section of the cylinder. The delay is caused by the opposing electromotive forces induced in the mass by the change of the magnetic fluxes produced by the currents interior to the successive annuli. When the total current is small, the induced E.M.F.'s at the centre, for example, occur at once, and then die away. With currents of about 300 amperes a second maximum is developed after about eighty seconds. For gradually increased total currents the second maximum occurs at shorter intervals of time after reversal, and becomes the most prominent feature of the phenomenon.

The results obtained can be applied to cylinders of other diameters than the one experimented upon, and an estimate is made of the time taken fully to make use of the whole section of an iron telegraph wire and steel rails as used in alternate-current traction.

In the

Mineralogical Society, June 12.-Prof. H. A. Miers, F.R.S., president, in the chair.-Sartorite from the Binnenthal: Dr. C. O. Trechmann. This mineral has hitherto been held to crystallise in the orthorhombic system, and full descriptions have appeared from the pens of vom Rath and Baumhauer. Solly, later, assigns it to the monoclinic system, without, however, publishing details. Two very perfect crystals, originally attached to each other, were examined and compared with other crystals and with the results of the above-named authors. Both crystals exhibit conspicuous monoclinic habit, and one is a distinct twin. The elements of vom Rath are: a b c = 0539: 1:0-619. The elements arrived at now are :ab:c=1-27552: 1:1-19487 with B 77° 48', in which abc correspond with c:b: a of vom Rath. The twin and composition plane is a=(100), and the twinned crystal is a juxtaposition twin on this face. Further evidence of the twinned structure is afforded by many narrow, twin lamellæ on the above law. Baumhauer records fifty-nine observed forms on this mineral, including thirteen pyramids. On the above two crystals eighty-seven forms were observed, including thirty-five pyramids. There is little agreement in the angles and forms with those of the other five crystals, or with previous observations. zone of the prisms (brachydomes of vom Rath), however, there is a close agreement, sufficient to make it very probable that all the examined crystals belong to the mineral sartorite. Further research is necessary on the scarce material in order to show whether two or more morphotropically related minerals may not be involved here.The occurrence of axinite in the area south of Bodmin, in Cornwall: G. Barrow.-Cassiterite pseudomorphs from Bolivia: R. Pearce. The frequent occurrence of cindery and cellular cassiterite in Bolivia suggested that the pseudomorphs might be after a sulphostannate, but this is not borne out by the crystallographic examination made by Mr. L. J. Spencer.-Notes on skiodroms and isogyres: Dr. J. W. Evans. The author referred to Prof. Becke's paper on the subject, and. showed that the derivation of the forms and movements of isogyres (the loci in convergent polarised light of vibrations extinguished under crossed nicols) from the skindroms (the curves expressing the directions of such vibrafions ur simplified when a microscope with revolving employed, instead of one with a revolving stage. orph of quartz after apophyllite: H. Hartley Tod Thomas.-A heating stage for the Dick 1. Hartley-Mr. J. P. De Castro exhibited

of tantalite from Western Australia, and rce specimens of axinite from St. Ives,

Faraday Society, June 12.-Mr. W. Murray Morrison in the chair.-The electrolytic deposition of zinc, using rotating electrodes: Dr. T. Slater Price and G. H. B. Judge. An improved form of apparatus for the electrolytic deposition of metals, using a rotating kathode, is described. The ordinary beaker is replaced by a tap funnel of about 100 c.c. capacity, so that the electrolyte can be run off at the end of the experiment, thus obviating the use of a siphon.-A simple form of rotating kathode for electrochemical analysis: Dr. F. Mollwo Perkin. The kathode consists of a spiral of platinum wire, or, better, iridio-platinum wire. Nickel wire may be substituted for platinum, and the author recommends its employment in place of the more expensive metal. Attention is also directed to the solubility of platinum anodes, with heavy currents 0.0016 grm. being dissolved in a cyanide solution in thirty-five minutes.-The electrolysis of solutions of thiocyanates in pyridine and in acetone S. Binning and Dr. F. Mollwo Perkin. On oxidation of thiocyanates with chlorine, persulphates, &c., a yellow colouring mattercanarine is obtained. By electrolysis of aqueous acidified solutions of thiocyanates an apparently similar product, which was originally described in 1884 by Lurdow, is obtained. The authors consider that this substance is not identical with the canarine obtained by chemical means, because it shows certain reactions not given by the oxidation product.

66

Geological Society, June 13.-Sir Archibald Geikie, Sec.R.S., president, in the chair.-Recumbent folds produced as a result of flow: Prof. W. J. Sollas. Prof. Lugeon has described a series of recumbent folds so greatly exceeding in horizontal extension their vertical thickness that they are spoken of as sheets; they lie flat one on the other, and those higher in the series extend farther to the front than those below, a feature referred to as 'déferlement." The roots of the lower folds are visible in the high Alps adjacent, but the roots of the higher must be sought in the zone of Mont Blanc and the Briançonnais. Thus some of the uppermost folds may have surmounted the obstacle presented by Mont Blanc on their way to the front in the pre-Alps. The features presented by recumbent folds are more suggestive of flowing than bending. Experiments have been made with pitch-glaciers (poissiers) in which an obstruction was placed. Folds were produced, one of which was like the Morcles fold behind the Diablerets, another like the Pilatus, and yet another like the Sentis, and the fourth compared with the overslide of the Bavarian front; all four exhibit déferlement. The lower limb of each fold is adjacent to the similar limb of its neighbours; but, in another experiment, in which two obstacles were used, the results were nearer to those seen in the mountains, where the lower limb of a superior fold reposes on the upper limb of the fold immediately beneath it.-The Crag of Iceland-an intercalation in the basalt-formation : Dr. Helgi Pjetursson. The existence of fossiliferous deposits on the west coast of Tjörnes, N. Iceland, has been known for 160 years. Mörch enumerates sixty-one species of Mollusca, and concludes that the temperature must have been much milder than at present. From the shells, it has been considered that the deposit could not be younger than Middle Reg Crag. Dr. Thoroddsen thinks that these Crags are younger than the Old Basalts of Tjörnes. The author finds, however, that, about 500 feet above the sea, they are overlain by the Eastern Basalts. Thus there is a fossiliferous intercalation occupying part of the great gap between the Tertiary and the Pleistocene rocks. The basal layer of the Pleistocene series is fossiliferous, and has yielded twenty-two species of Mollusca, twenty of which represent a highly Arctic fauna. Certain of the larger basalt-dykes are cut off at the base of the Crag. The absence of the Crag-deposits from other localities is explained by the erosion of the coast-line.

PARIS.

Academy of Sciences. June 18.-M. H. Poincaré in the chair. Researches on the direct synthesis of nitric acid and nitrates from their elements at the ordinary temperature: M. Berthelot. Nitrogen and oxygen were caused to combine at the ordinary temperature under the action of the silent discharge, care being taken that no visible

46

resources amongst various organisations which are in some respects rivals. Principal Rücker had recently said that any organisation to be visible must be on a grand scale. It is only by combination that the colleges of London can hope to attract the support which is so urgently needed.

metrical oscillator consisting of three simple oscillators of equal electric moment superimposed so as to make a doubly bent oscillator of the shape C.

If V denotes the scalar potential at a point in the field at a distance large compared with the dimensions of the oscillator, and F, G, and H the components of vector potential, then it is shown in the paper that

SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES.
LONDON.

Royal Society, March 8.-"The Microscopic Changes in the Nervous System in a Case of Chronic Dourine or Mal de Coit, and Comparison of the Same with Those found in Sleeping Sickness. By Dr. F. W. Mott, F.R.S. (From the Pathological Laboratory of the London County Asylums.)

The author describes the changes in the central nervous system of an Arab stallion, which acquired the disease by infective coitus. After exhibiting 156 characteristic cutaneous plaques, together with marked symptoms of paraplegia, it died 27 months after infection. The material was forwarded by Dr. Lingard, director of the Imperial Bacteriological Laboratory of India, who has written an interesting monograph on dourine. A full description of the etiology and clinical symptoms of this disease is contained in this monograph, and an account in detail of this particular case.

Dourine is due to a specific form of trypanosome, affects equines, and is transmitted, like syphilis, by coitus. This is of especial interest, since the Spirochaeta pallida has been shown to be the infecting agent in syphilis.

A comparative examination of the tissues of the central nervous system in this disease and in sleeping sickness, experimental and human, appears to show that prolonged trypanosome infection results in a chronic lymphadenitis, followed later by a chronic interstitial inflammation of the lymphatic structures of the nervous system. The morbid process in the case of dourine starts in one seat of primary infection, extends to the inguinal glands, and thence (presumably by the pelvic lymphatics) spreads by the lumbosacral nerves to the posterior spinal ganglia, where it may set up an intense inflammatory process with destructive atrophy of the cells. This destruction of the trophic sensory centres which was found in this case of dourine would account for the cutaneous eruption which occurred during life. It would account also for the marked degeneration of the posterior roots and the sclerosis in the posterior columns, especially in the root zones. The lesion in some respects therefore resembled locomotor ataxy, and it is of interest to note that cases of dourine have occurred in which fractures and dislocations have been observed -due probably to neurotrophic changes. Moreover, there were other signs of chronic irritation observed elsewhere in the spinal cord and nervous system, viz. subpial and septal proliferation of the glia tissue. Marck has described the disease as an infective polyneuritis; there were reasons, however, in this case, for supposing that the motor nerves were not affected by a degenerative change in the same way as the posterior roots.

March 22." A Note on the Theory of Directive Antennæ or Unsymmetrical Hertzian Oscillators. Prof. J. A. Fleming, F.R.S.

By

This paper deals with the theory of bent or unsvmmetrical Hertzian oscillators. As is well known, a straight linear oscillator radiates equally in all directions around the axis. It has been found, however, by Mr. Marconi that if an antenna for electric-wave telegraphy is bent so that a short part of its length, rising from the earth, is vertical, and the greater part horizontal, and therefore parallel to the earth, such an oscillator radiates less in the direction in which the free end points than in the opposite direction. This is of great practical importance, and the writer accordingly investigated mathematically the behaviour of a simple case of an unsym

1 See Proc. Roy. Soc., vol. Ixxvii. p. 413, 1906. G Marconi, "On Methods whereby the Radiation of Electric Waves may be mainly confined to certain Directions, and whereby the Receptivity of a Receiver may be restricted to Electric Waves emanating from certain Directions."

F=o, G=" 8%, H= p

den. dzdt

10 at dyat

where cos is the azimuthal angle the radius vector makes with the axis of the oscillator reckoned from the direction in which the free ends point. These expressions show that as increases from 0° to 180° the values of E and H vary, and are greater when = 180° than when @=6°. Hence there is an unsymmetrical radiation by such an oscillator, greatest in the direction opposite to that in which the free ends point.

Such an oscillator may also be regarded as the combination of a completely closed conductive circuit or magnetic oscillator with a straight or open electric oscillator. The field of the magnetic oscillator was investigated by the late Prof. G. F. Fitzgerald (see his scientific writings. edited by Prof. J. Larmor, Sec.R.S., p. 128) prior to the date of Hertz's discoveries, and in the discussion at the Royal Society on March 22 on Mr. Marconi's paper, loc. cit., it was pointed out by Prof. J. Larmor that a bent oscillator of the kind above discussed was equivalent in electromagnetic action to a magnetic plus an electric oscillator.

May 3- "On a Static Method of Comparing the Densities of Gases." By R. Threlfall, F.R.S.

Since it is a simple matter to make a manometer showing differences of gas pressure of a few centimetres of water, accurate to between 1/100 mm. and 1/1000 mm., according to the construction, it is possible to determine the relative densities of gases by a method similar to the one employed by Regnault in determining the temperaturedensity variation of mercury.

It is shown that, using gas columns 20 metres long, the difference of density of "chemical" and "atmospheric nitrogen should be capable of observation. The author has employed the method in a comparison of the densities of producer gas and air, using gas columns about 20 metres in height. The two columns of gas and air respectively were contained in composition pipes twisted together and immersed in water in an outer iron pipe through which a stream of water passed.

In two experiments on two different samples of gas differences of pressure of 0.3458 cm. and 0.3550 cm. of water respectively were observed, and producer-gas densi ties accurate to about 1/5000th part in terms of the density of air were deduced. The commercial micromanometer made by the Cambridge Scientific Instrument Co. to the author's designs was employed in these comparisons, and, since it is possible to construct an instrument say five times as sensitive, and to use columns of gas at least twice as long without inconvenience, the method should yield values of relative density correct to 1 part in 10,000 without difficulty.

June 7.- Effects of Self-induction in an Iron Cylinder." By Prof. Ernest Wilson. Communicated by Sir William H. Preece, K.C.B., F.R.S.

An iron cylinder 10 inches (25.4 cm.) in diameter is traversed in the direction of its axis of figure by an electric current, which is allowed to become steady. Under the action of a sufficiently large potential difference and noninductive resistance the total current is suddenly reversed and maintained constant, and its propagation to the centre of the cylinder is investigated by aid of embedded exploring coils. The results show that a current of about 500 amperes takes two minutes to become steady over the whole section of the cylinder. The delay is caused by the opposing electromotive forces induced in the mass by the change of the magnetic fluxes produced by the currents interior to the successive annuli. When the total current is small, the induced E.M.F.'s at the centre, for example, occur at once, and then die away. With currents of about 300 amperes a second maximum is developed after about eighty seconds. For gradually increased total currents the second maximum occurs at shorter intervals of time after reversal, and becomes the most prominent feature of the phenomenon.

The results obtained can be applied to cylinders of other diameters than the one experimented upon, and an estimate is made of the time taken fully to make use of the whole section of an iron telegraph wire and steel rails as used in alternate-current traction.

Mineralogical Society, June 12.-Prof. H. A. Miers, F.R.S., president, in the chair.-Sartorite from the Binnenthal: Dr. C. O. Trechmann. This mineral has hitherto been held to crystallise in the orthorhombic system, and full descriptions have appeared from the pens of vom Rath and Baumhauer. Solly, later, assigns it to the monoclinic system, without, however, publishing details. Two very perfect crystals, originally attached to each other, were examined and compared with other crystals and with the results of the above-named authors. Both crystals exhibit conspicuous monoclinic habit, and one is a distinct twin. The elements of vom Rath are : abc= 0.539: 1:0.619. The elements arrived at now are :a:b:c=1-27552: 1:1-19487 with B 77° 48', in which a: be correspond with cb:a of vom Rath. The twin and composition plane is a=(100), and the twinned crystal is a juxtaposition twin on this face. Further evidence of the twinned structure is afforded by many narrow, twin lamellæ on the above law. Baumhauer records fifty-nine observed forms оп this mineral, including thirteen pyramids. On the above two crystals eighty-seven forms were observed, including thirty-five pyramids. There is little agreement in the angles and forms with those of the other five crystals, or with previous observations. In the zone of the prisms (brachydomes of vom Rath), however, there is a close agreement, sufficient to make it very probable that all the examined crystals belong to the mineral sartorite. Further research is necessary on the scarce material in order to show whether two or more morphotropically related minerals may not be involved here.— The occurrence of axinite in the area south of Bodmin, in Cornwall: G. Barrow.-Cassiterite pseudomorphs from Bolivia: R. Pearce. The frequent occurrence of cindery and cellular cassiterite in Bolivia suggested that the pseudomorphs might be after a sulphostannate, but this is not borne out by the crystallographic examination made by Mr. L. J. Spencer.-Notes on skiodroms and isogyres: Dr. J. W. Evans. The author referred to Prof. Becke's paper on the subject, and showed that the derivation of the forms and movements of isogyres (the loci in convergent polarised light of vibrations extinguished under crossed nicols) from the skiodroms (the curves expressing the directions of such vibrations) are simplified when a microscope with revolving nicols is employed, instead of one with a revolving stage. -A pseudomorph of quartz after apophyllite: H. Hartley and N. Garrod Thomas.-A heating stage for the Dick microscope: H. Hartley, Mr. J. P. De Castro exhibited a large crystal of tantalite from Western Australia, and Mr. R. Pearce specimens of axinite from St. Ives, Cornwall.

Faraday Society, June 12.-Mr. W. Murray Morrison in the chair.-The electrolytic deposition of zinc, using rotating electrodes: Dr. T. Slater Price and G. H. B. Judge. An improved form of apparatus for the electrolytic deposition of metals, using a rotating kathode, is described. The ordinary beaker is replaced by a tap funnel of about 100 c.c. capacity, so that the electrolyte can be run off at the end of the experiment, thus obviating the use of a siphon.-A simple form of rotating kathode for electrochemical analysis: Dr. F. Mollwo Perkin. The kathode consists of a spiral of platinum wire, or, better, iridio-platinum wire. Nickel wire may be substituted for platinum, and the author recommends its employment in place of the more expensive metal. Attention is also directed to the solubility of platinum anodes, with heavy currents 0.0016 grm. being dissolved in a cyanide solution in thirty-five minutes.-The electrolysis of solutions of thiocyanates in pyridine and in acetone: S. Binning and Dr. F. Mollwo Perkin. On oxidation of thiocyanates with chlorine, persulphates, &c., a yellow colouring mattercanarine is obtained. By electrolysis of aqueous acidified solutions of thiocyanates an apparently similar product, which was originally described in 1884 by Lurdow, is obtained. The authors consider that this substance is not identical with the canarine obtained by chemical means, because it shows certain reactions not given by the oxidation product.

Geological Society, June 13.-Sir Archibald Geikie, Sec.R.S., president, in the chair.-Recumbent folds produced as a result of flow: Prof. W. J. Sollas. Prof. Lugeon has described a series of recumbent folds so greatly exceeding in horizontal extension their vertical thickness that they are spoken of as sheets; they lie flat one on the other, and those higher in the series extend farther to the front than those below, a feature referred to as déferlement." The roots of the lower folds are visible in the high Alps adjacent, but the roots of the higher must be sought in the zone of Mont Blanc and the Briançonnais. Thus some of the uppermost folds may have surmounted the obstacle presented by Mont Blanc on their way to the front in the pre-Alps. The features presented by recumbent folds are more suggestive of flowing than bending. Experiments have been made with pitch-glaciers (poissiers) in which an obstruction was placed. Folds were produced, one of which was like the Morcles fold behind the Diablerets, another like the Pilatus, and yet another like the Sentis, and the fourth compared with the overslide of the Bavarian front; all four exhibit déferlement. The lower limb of each fold is adjacent to the similar limb of its neighbours ; but, in another experiment, in which two obstacles were used, the results were nearer to those seen in the mountains, where the lower limb of a superior fold reposes on the upper limb of the fold immediately beneath it.-The Crag of Iceland-an intercalation in the basalt-formation: Dr. Helgi Pjetursson. The existence of fossiliferous deposits on the west coast of Tjörnes, N. Iceland, has been known for 160 years. Mörch enumerates sixty-one species of Mollusca, and concludes that the temperature must have been much milder than at present. From the shells, it has been considered that the deposit could not be younger than Middle Reg Crag. Dr. Thoroddsen thinks that these Crags are younger than the Old Basalts of Tjörnes. The author finds, however, that, about 500 feet above the sea, they are overlain by the Eastern Basalts. Thus there is a fossiliferous intercalation occupying part of the great gap between the Tertiary and the Pleistocene rocks. The basal laver of the Pleistocene series is fossiliferous, and has yielded twenty-two species of Mollusca, twenty of which represent a highly Arctic fauna. Certain of the larger basalt-dykes are cut off at the base of the Crag. The absence of the Crag-deposits from other localities is explained by the erosion of the coast-line.

PARIS.

Academy of Sciences. June 18.-M. H. Poincaré in the chair. Researches on the direct synthesis of nitric acid and nitrates from their elements at the ordinary temperature: M. Berthelot. Nitrogen and oxygen were caused to combine at the ordinary temperature under the action of the silent discharge, care being taken that no visible

sparks were produced in the apparatus. In some experiments a confined volume of the mixed gases was used; in others a current of gas was slowly circulated through the apparatus for a period of several hours. In all cases nitric acid was the sole product, and this whether the oxygen or nitrogen was in excess. Oxides of nitrogen, nitrous acid, and ammonia were looked for, but were invariably absent, even when the reaction took place in the presence of potash solution.-The application of the telephone and the Claude-Driencourt astrolabe to the determination of the longitude of Brest: E. Guyou. Two chronometers, beating half-seconds, were used for the transmission of time, one being regulated to mean time, the other to sidereal time, in order to allow of the application of the method of coincidences. A microphone placed on the glass of each chronometer enabled the beat to be heard in the telephone at the distant station, two observers furnished with receivers working at each station. It was found that the deviations between the comparisons obtained at the same place by two different observations were generally less than oor second, these deviations being indifferently positive and negative, showing the freedom from an appreciable personal error. The results obtained at both ends are of the same accuracy as those obtained at a single station, showing that there is no advantage in working from both ends.-The action of carbon monoxide at a red heat upon steam, and of hydrogen upon carbon dioxide. The application of these reactions to the study of volcanic phenomena: Armand Gautier. At a full red heat (1200° C. to 1300° C.) carbon dioxide is reduced by hydrogen, the reaction being limited when the volume of carbon monoxide produced is half that of the hydrogen remaining. The inverse reaction between carbon monoxide and steam was also studied, the composition of the gas mixture being represented by the equation

3CO+2H2O=2CO2+2H2+CO.

The bearing of this reaction upon volcanic phenomena is discussed.-Some new properties of malt extract: L. Maquenne and Eugène Roux. The activity of malt extract, prepared rapidly in the cold, increases on standing, and the advantageous influence exercised by acids is due to the fact that they are favourable to the establishment of this new state of equilibrium.-Some Patagonian fossils. Study of a portion of the Antarctic region: Albert Gaudry. -The use of metallic oxides as catalysers in oxidation : Paul Sabatier and Alphonse Mailhe. If a mixture of a paraffin with oxygen is passed over a column of copper oxide heated to a temperature of about 200° C., the oxide glows, and the reaction continues without further heating of the tube being necessary. The greater part of the hydrocarbon is burnt to carbon dioxide and water, but small quantities of aldehydes and acids are found condensed in the water produced in the reaction.-The experimental production of transmissible varieties of the tubercle bacillus and of anti-tuberculous vaccine: S. Arloing. A modified human tubercle bacillus has been obtained, the acquired properties being fixed after the eighth generation. It differs from the original bacillus only in that its pathogenic effects are reduced in intensity. This bacillus has been successfully used since 1902 for anti-tuberculous vaccination of calves.-M. Edmund Weiss was elected correspondant in the section of astronomy in the place of M. Struve. The coal basin of Sarrebrück and its continuation in French Lorraine: Jules Bergeron and Paul Weiss. The deformation of certain tetrahedral surfaces: G. Tzitzeica.-Differential equations the general integral of which is uniform: M. Gambier. The equation of Laplace with two variables: Georges Lery. The photography of the infra-red spectrum: G. Millochau. In addition to the use of screens proposed by Stefanik, the author makes use of the well-known property of the infrared rays of destroying the photographic action on an exposed plate. As the effect produced during the preliminary exposure to the actinic rays penetrates further into the film than the reversing effect of the red rays, very thin films of emulsion, coloured red or yellow, were found to give the best results.-A new method for the photography of coins: Eug. Demole. The presence of gold

and silver in the Trias of Meurthe-et-Moselle: Francis Laur. Analyses of rocks from various parts of this region show traces of both gold and silver. In one case, a limestone grit from a depth of 582 metres, the gold amounted to 39 grams, and silver to 245 grams, per ton.-The reduction of antimony selenide: P. Chrétien.--Oxidations with air. The problem of the comparison of velocities: André Job.-Heterogeneous equilibria. The formation of phosphonium chloride, ammonium carbamate, and sulphhydrate: E. Briner. The osmotic pressure in colloidal ferric chloride: G. Malfitano.-Researches on copper steels Pierre Breuil.-Melezitose and turanose: Georges Tanret. Turanose gives glucose and levulose in equimolecular proportions on hydrolysis, and not two molecules of glucose, as usually accepted. The true nature of the leucins and glucoproteins obtained by P. Schutzenberger in the splitting up of proteid materials: MM. Hugounenq and A. Morel.-The influence of chocolate and coffee on the excretion of uric acid: Pierre Fauvel. The methylxanthines of chocolate and coffee increase the urinary purins, but not the uric acid. They prevent the precipitation of the latter by acids.-The law of increase of volume in trees François Kövessi. The spectroscopic study of the green pigments of ripe seeds: W. Lubimenko. The structure of the different gall nuts in the Euphorbiaceæ : C. Houard.--The larval biology and metamorphoses of Siphona Cristata. A new case of internal ectoparasitism : E. Roubaud. The influence of phosphoric acid and ef mono- and trisodium phosphates on the nutritive exchanges: Mlle. Bl. Guende.-The influence of the ovary on nutrition: MM. Charrin and Jardry.-The characteristics of the stem of Adelo phyton Jutieri: Paul Bertrand. -The rapidity of torrential erosion: E. A. Martel.-The polarisation of the sky during eclipses of the sun: N. Piltschikoff.

Manx Archæology and Natural History. By Prof. John Rhys

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The South African Medal of the British Association.
(Illustrated.) By Sir G. H. Darwin, K. C. B., F.R.S. 225
The Earthquake in South Wales. By Dr. Charles
Davison

Profs. N. S. Shaler and I. C. Russell,
Notes

Our Astronomical Column:

Search-ephemeris for Finlay's Comet
Stereoscopic Measurement of Proper Motions.
Radiative Power of the Sun's Disc
New Forms of Astrographic Object Glasses.
The Great Typhoon in the Philippine Islands in
September, 1905. (Illustrated.)

The New Buildings of Armstrong College, New-
castle-on-Tyne. (Illustrated)

International Science. By Prof. Arthur Schuster,
F.R.S...

University and Educational Intelligence
Societies and Academies
Diary of Societies

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