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Vellem in amicitia sic erraremus et isti
Errori nomen virtus posuisset honestum.
At pater ut gnati, sic nos debemus amici
Si quod sit vitium non fastidire: strabonem
Appellat pætum pater, et pullum, male parvus
Si cui filius est, ut abortivus fuit olim

:

Sisyphus hunc varum distortis cruribus, illum
Balbutit scaurum pravis fultum male talis.
Parcius hic vivit: frugi dicatur. Ineptus
Et jactantior hic paulo est: concinnus amicis
Postulat ut videatur. At est truculentior atque
Plus æquo liber: simplex fortisque habeatur.
Caldior est acres inter numeretur. Opinor,
Hæc res et jungit junctos et servat amicos.
At nos virtutes ipsas invertimus atque
Sincerum cupimus vas incrustare. Probus quis
Nobiscum vivit, multum demissus homo: illi
Tardo cognomen, pingui damus. Hic fugit omnes
Insidias nullique malo latus obdit apertum,
Cum genus hoc inter vitæ versetur, ubi acris
Invidia atque vigent ubi crimina pro bene sano
Ac non incauto fictum astutumque vocamus.

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For other flattering inversions, cp. Juv. viii. 32. sq.; Lucret. iv. 1156.sq. 47. Sisyphus, a dwarf of M. Antony. 48. Balbutit, 'calls affectedly, and as if in jest;' nearly as the Gr. ὑποκορίζεται.

49. Ineptus jactantior. i. e. 'an

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51. truculentior, unsparing in his language.'

52. liber. Sat. I. iv. 90. 103. 132. ='a

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simplex fortisque, nearly
plain blunt inan (Shaksp. Jul. C.
act iii. sc. 2.).

53. acres, spirited.'
55. "So turns she every man the
wrong side out.'

Shaksp. Much Ado, act iii. sc. 1. 57. Probus, demissus. We call such an one tardus, or even pinguis.' illi is opposed to hic, v. 58.

59. Another guards against any imputations, since he is aware of his liability to unfair aspersions on his

Simplicior quis et est, qualem me sæpe libenter
Obtulerim tibi, Mæcenas, ut forte legentem
Aut tacitum impellat quovis sermone molestus:
Communi sensu plane caret, inquimus. Eheu
Quam temere in nosmet legem sancimus iniquam!
Nam vitiis nemo sine nascitur; optimus ille est,
Qui minimis urgetur. Amicus dulcis, ut æquum est,
Cum mea compenset vitiis bona, pluribus hisce,
Si modo plura mihi bona sunt, inclinet: amari
Si volet hac lege, in trutina ponetur eadem.
Qui ne tuberibus propriis offendat amicum
Postulat, ignoscet verrucis illius: æquum est,
Peccatis veniam poscentem reddere rursus.
Denique, quatenus excidi penitus vitium iræ
Cetera item nequeunt stultis hærentia, cur non
Ponderibus modulisque suis ratio utitur, ac res
Ut quæque est, ita suppliciis delicta coërcet?
Si quis eum servum, patinam qui tollere jussus

63. Simplicior quis et est. i. e. et talis est qualem. (Some construe et as etiam with simplicior.)

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compensare rem cum re, is to compare by weighing together' (pensando comparare); compensare rem 66. Communi sensu, a perception re, to make up for, to compensate of the wants and wishes of others,' by weighing' (ad pensando reparare). nearly tact.' Seneca, de Benef. i. So Orell. (I have retained Gesner's 12., defines it thus: "Sit n beneficio punctuation with the pause after insensus communis; tempus lo-clinet.)

cum personas observet." Cic. De inclinet, lean to,' depress the Orat. ii. 16. (68.), has "sensu ho- balance in favour of. So, by analogy, minum communi." The phrase. elevo is to depreciate.' with a different meaning, is not rare. 69. dulcis, dear.' So in Greek γλυκύς :

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trutina, the cavity in which the tongue (examen) of the balance plays. See Pers. i. 6.

73. See the New Test. S. Matt. vii. 1-4.

εἶναι δὲ γλυκὺν ὧδε φίλοις. Solon. xii. 5. 70. The construction here is pecu- 77. stultis. i. e. 'ordinary men," liar. Cum is taken by all Comm. according to the Stoic theory, class(following the Scholiast) as a prepo- ing all as 'stulti' "excepto Sapiente."

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sition governing vitiis. 'Let him See Sat. II. iii. 46.
weigh my good against my bad
qualities, and let him give the pre-
ponderance to the former.
the same by him.'

79. res ut quæque est, ita ...
with regard to the facts of each
I will do case
(not to a rigid abstract

rule)

Semesos pisces tepidumque ligurierit jus,
In cruce suffigat, Labeone insanior inter
Sanos dicatur. Quanto hoc furiosius atque
Majus peccatum est! Paulum deliquit amicus,
Quod nisi concedas, habeare insuavis: acerbus
Odisti et fugis ut Rusonem debitor æris;
Qui nisi, cum tristes misero venere Calendæ,

Mercedem aut nummos unde unde extricat, amaras
Porrecto jugulo historias captivus ut audit.
Comminxit lectum potus mensave catillum
Evandri manibus tritum dejecit: ob hanc rem,
Aut positum ante mea quia pullum in parte catini
Sustulit esuriens, minus hoc jucundus amicus
Sit mihi? Quid faciam, si furtum fecerit, aut si
Prodiderit commissa fide sponsumve negarit?
Quis paria esse fere placuit peccata, laborant,

Cum ventum ad verum est; sensus moresque repugnant Atque ipsa utilitas, justi prope mater et æqui.

Cum prorepserunt primis animalia terris,

85

90

95

Mutum et turpe pecus, glandem atque cubilia propter 100
Unguibus et pugnis, dein fustibus, atque ita porro
Pugnabant armis, quæ post fabricaverat usus,
Donec verba, quibus voces sensusque notarent,

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96. This was the Stoic doctrine. laborant, they are in a difficulty; their maxim fails when applied to Cp. Ars

Soph. Antig. 354. Poet. 391-399.; Lucret.

Nominaque invenere; dehinc absistere bello,
Oppida cœperunt munire et ponere leges,
Ne quis fur esset neu latro neu quis adulter.
Nam fuit ante Helenam cunnus teterrima belli
Causa, sed ignotis perierunt mortibus illi,
Quos venerem incertam rapientes more ferarum
Viribus editior cædebat, ut in grege taurus.
Jura inventa metu injusti fateare necesse est,
Tempora si fastosque velis evolvere mundi.
Nec natura potest justo secernere iniquum,
Dividit ut bona diversis, fugienda petendis;

105

110

Nec vincet ratio hoc, tantundem ut peccet idemque, 115
Qui teneros caules alieni fregerit horti

Et qui nocturnus sacra divum legerit. Adsit
Regula, peccatis quæ pœnas irroget æquas,
Ne scutica dignum horribili sectere flagello.
Nam ut ferula cædas meritum majora subire
Verbera, non vereor, cum dicas esse pares res
Furta latrociniis et magnis parva mineris
Falce recisurum simili te, si tibi
regnum
Permittant homines. Si dives, qui sapiens est,

106. fur neu latro. For the 117. sacra legerit.
(sometimes important) difference be- Engl. sacrilege."
tween these words, see Trench, N. T.
Synonyms, xliv. VOсC. KλÉTτNS,
λῄστης.

112. evolvere. See note on Epod. xiv. 8.

120

Hence the

120. ut ferulâ cædas. For, as to your punishing lightly what deserves severity, this I do not fear.' Ordinarily, vereor ne cædas is, I fear you will punish' (the sense required) 115. ut peccet. peccare would be vereor ut cædas, I fear you will equally good Latin: after words ex- not. . . ; but here non vereor is, in pressing a consequence (in argument), a manner, disconnected from the first a deduction, or a proof, either mood clause, which thus becomes purely (infin. or subj.) is admissible. Con-explanatory, not dependent: cedis ut virtus... efficiat.-Cic. De Fin. v. 26.

ut

cædas, id equidem non vereor,' instead of 'id ne facias non vereor." 122. magnis parva. magnis, dat. c. after simili, for 'parva similiter atque magna.'

The two forms of phrase might be thus construed: Reason can never prove that he is guilty' (peccare); or, reason can never so far carry 124. Si dives, etc. Yet why do its point that he will be (found) you say if?' Cur optas quod habes, guilty' (ut peccet). Ji. e. regnum? Cp. Ep. 1. i. 106.

Et sutor bonus et solus formosus et est rex ;
Cur optas quod habes? Non nosti, quid pater, inquit,
Chrysippus dicat: Sapiens crepidas sibi nunquam
Nec soleas fecit, sutor tamen est sapiens. Qui?
Ut quamvis tacet Hermogenes, cantor tamen atque
Optimus est modulator; ut Alfenius vafer omni
Abjecto instrumento artis clausaque taberna
Sutor erat, sapiens operis sic optimus omnis
Est opifex solus, sic rex, Vellunt tibi barbam
Lascivi pueri; quos tu nisi fuste coërces,
Urgeris turba circum te stante miserque
Rumperis et latras, magnorum maxime regum.
Ne longum faciam: dum tu quadrante lavatum
Rex ibis neque te quisquam stipator ineptum
Præter Crispinum sectabitur, et mihi dulces
Ignoscent si quid peccaro stultus amici,

125

130

135

140

The

127. Chrysippus, born at Soli in who rose to eminence as a lawyer, Cilicia, 280 B. C. He succeeded attained the consulship, and was Cleanthes, the successor of Zeno, in buried with public honours. the Stoic school. He appears to word is read here as a trisyllable, have based their system on more the e being long. plausible arguments, and to have 133. Vellunt tibi barbam. i. e. made it more known and popular,mock you.' Cp. "Cynico barbam than his predecessors. Cicero calls petulans Nonaria vellat," Pers. i. him "homo sine dubio versutus et 133.; and "Idcirco stolidam præbet callidus" (N. D. iii. 10.), and “in tibi vellere barbam Jupiter" (i. e. omni historiâ curiosus " (Tusc. D. i.' Do you therefore think that Jupiter 45.). A Greek saying is preserved is regardless of your insults?'), Ib. ii. εἰ μὴ γὰρ ἦν Χρύσιππος οὐκ ἂν ἦν Στοά

129. Hermogenes, called in Sat. iv. 72., and elsewhere, Hermogenes Tigellius. The first name implies a Greek parentage (perhaps he was a first instalment of the supple set, "portio fæcis Achæa," satirised by Juvenal, iii. 61. sqq.) The second is made the ground for a conjecture that he was adopted by L. Tigellius. See above, v. 3.

130. modulator. See on Sat. I. x. 18.

Alfenius, a shoemaker of Cremona,

:

28.

136. rumperis. Cp. Virg. Ecl. vii.

26.:

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