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possess discern suffice resume--president metaphrase monarchise mechanism sacrifice villages xenophon xenocles—disposal refusal disloyal discernment-complaisant complaisance—— luxuriant anxiety.

he-gives as-is-his-usage-at-this-season a-series

of-sermons-on-moral-duties.

the-frolic-wind-that-breathes-the-spring
zephyr with-aurora-playing
as-he-met-her-once a-maying
there-on-beds-of-violets-blue
and-fresh-blown-roses washed-in-dew
he-gave-her-thee.

The palatal s and palatal z.

These consonants are formed by curling back the tongue, and uttering the breath in the former instance, and the voice in the latter, in such a manner as to be heard around the sides and top of the tongue. The sound we make with the breath when we require silence, exemplifies the former consonant; the latter is exemplified when the voice mixes with the breath; and the greater the quantity of voice, the better the consonant is sounded.- -Orthography, with regard to both these sounds, is extremely perplexing: the former is soonest recognised when denoted by sh: the latter never commences an English word, but in French the letter j, and also g, if e or i follow, denote the sound; as in jambe, géant. They are frequently denoted in English by s and z, but they must never be confounded with the common or dental sounds of those letters. Yet perhaps where s and z assume the palatal sounds, they were once dental, with only such changes of the breath into the voice sound as the last exercise exhibited. The change into the palatal sounds appears regularly to have taken place wherever the sound equivalent to y consonant, happened to follow in an unaccented syllable. Now it will be remembered that u long includes y consonant, and that e and i in such unaccented syllables as eous, eate, ion, ious, also denote y consonant. (See y consonant exemplified

at page 10.) Therefore, whenever unaccented u long, or the terminations just mentioned, follow a letter which we presume was once the sign of dental s, or dental z, the change into the palatal sound takes place. This rule embraces c when c is equivalent to s, which it always is before e and i; and it also embraces the s or z included in letter ; for x is equivalent to ks or gz. So far the principle is regular and consistent. But it acts irregularly in sure, assure, sugar, &c.; for in these words, u is accented. The principle, moreover, has an influence on other sounds, namely, upon t and d, the former of which, before the sound y consonant in an unaccented syllable, adds to itself the palatal s, as in nature, and the latter, under the same circumstances, adds to itself the palatal z, as in verdure; while in the frequent termination tion, the t, under the influence of the same principle, entirely resigns its own sound, the palatal s alone remaining, which, in one instance (transition) is changed for the palatal z.

Agreeably with the foregoing remarks, the pupil will take notice that in the first of the following exercises, the letter or letters in italic denote the palatal s and nothing more, but the letter or letters in capital include the sound t or the sound k and the palatal s, the two sounds being rapidly joined; while in the second exercise the letter or letters in italic denote the palatal z and nothing more, but the letter or letters in capital include the sound d and the palatal z. What is called the soft g in English, includes these two sounds, as does also the letter j.

The palatal s.

shall shrove shrink sash sure marsh marCH chaise CHair match eaCH vouCH-shrubby sugar censure nauseous pension ascii nation captious fluXIon fleXIon scutcheon trunCHEon CHamber righTEous venTure naTure-assure chicane machine attaCH-showery charlatan bathsheba luXury CHarity CHICHester

-computation internecion farinaceous sur

reptitious adventitious crucifiXIon.

the-shade-he-sought and-shunned-the-sunshine.

the-weak-eyed-bat

with-short-shrill-shriek flits-by-on-leathern-wing.

deep-echoing-groan-the-forests-brown

then-rushing crackling crashing thunder-down.

the-string let-fly twanged-short-and-sharp like-the-shrill-swallow's

cry.

The palatal z.

razure clausure leisure roseate fusion osier treasure measure vision Gelid perJure refuGE JeJune soldier gran Deur verDure-badge ridge aGE doGE huGE Jade Jar Gem obliGEd divulGEd exchanGEd suGGestpersuasion adhesion explosion confusion immeDiate decision collision transition-indiviDual education aGGeration.

he-wants-both-leisure-and-occasion.

to-a-graDuate the-advantaGes-of-e Ducation are-immeDiate.

a-roseate-blush with-soft-suffusion

divulGEd-her-Gentle-mind's-confusion.

f. and v.

The consonants properly denoted by these letters, are formed by pressing the upper teeth upon the under lip, and using an utterance of breath for the former-of voice for the latter. Letter fis pronounced v in of, but not in the compounds whereof, &c. Ph are generally pronounced as ƒ, but in nephew and Stephen as v, and in diphthong, triphthong, as p. In apophthegm, phthi-sis, phthis-ic, ph are silent.

f.

deaf off ruff chafe calf laugh tough chough nymph sylph fry phrase sphinx fifth phial phrensy profit deafen roughen often soften ouphen-epitaph phaeton phrenetic febrifuge. but-with the-whiff-and-wind-of-that-fell-sword

the-unnerved-father-falls.

mild-he-was with-the-mild but-with-the-froward he-was-fierce-as-fire. he-filled-the-draught and-freely-quaffed and-puffed-the-fragrant-fume and-laughed.

V.

pave weave hive grove halve twelve solve starve nerve of vain void fever ravel grovel heaven even stephen given vivid votive nephew.

in-china's-groves of vegetable-gold. progressive-virtue and-approving-heaven. and-vainly-venturous soars-on-waxen-wing. down-in-the-vale where-the-leaves-of-the-grove wave-over-the head.

The aspirate and vocal theta.

These consonants are formed by placing the tip of the tongue between the teeth, and forcing the breath between for the former, and the breath made as vocal as possible for the latter.

In the absence of a single appropriate character for this sound in our language, the two letters th are employed to represent it. There is scarcely any fixed rule that determines when these letters mark the breath, and when the voice sound: practice must teach the instances. Bath, path, lath, oath, and mouth, have the breath sound in the singular, but the voice sound in the plural. Good

usage does not extend this practice beyond these words. In eighth, the letters th denote two sounds, namely, t and aspirate theta.

The aspirate theta.

bath path lath oath mouth width sixth eighTH twelfth warmth truths youths rhythm thwartthesis lethe thule thenceforth hundredth thousandthamethyst apathy orthodox aftermath logarithm synthesis.

thrust-through-the-side he-sat-on-the-sixth-seat.

from-nature's-chain whatever-link-you-strike tenth-or-ten-thousandth breaks-the-chain-alike.

The vocal theta.

booth with wreath bathe breathe tithe these their though baths paths laths oaths mouths-either neither heathen northern father hither thither thenceforth-inwreathe bequeath beneath un

sheath.

and-as-i-wake sweet-music-breathe above about or-underneath.

and-the-milk-maid singeth-blithe and-the-mower whets-his-scythe. and-the-smooth-stream in-smoother-numbers

flows.

1.

In forming the consonant proper to this letter, the tongue touches the upper gum, and the voice is uttered as freely as the position of the organs will allow. It is the most harmonious of the consonants. Good custom suppresses the sound of e and i before l in

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