HINDUSTANI AND ENGLISH DICTIONARY: PRINTED ENTIRELY IN THE ROMAN CHARACTER, CONFORMABLE TO IMPROVED SINCE HIS TIME. BY DUNCAN FORBES, LL.D., PROFESSOR OF ORIENTAL LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE IN KING'S COLLEGE, LONDON; MEMBER OF SEVERAL WORKS TENDING TO FACILITATE THE ACQUISITION OF THE LONDON: WM. H. ALLEN & Co., 7, LEADENHALL STREET. 1861. 306.9.21. PREFACE. THIS edition of my HINDUSTANI DICTIONARY is printed entirely in the Roman character; and the words are arranged according to the English alphabet. The grand object in view has been to render the work more portable and less expensive than hitherto. Every Hindūstāni word, from the beginning to the end of the work, may be unerringly transposed into the Oriental characters in accordance with the system laid down in the last editions of my Grammar and Manual of the language. It is needless for me to remark that the work is not intended to supersede the Oriental character, a knowledge of which must be ultimately attained by all those who mean to distinguish themselves in Her Majesty's Indian Service. It remains for me now to point out a few obvious particulars which present themselves in the course of the work. 1. Compound words are generally to be found under the first or leading member of the compound; at the same time, it is proper to observe that the Hindūstānī language is capable of admitting or forming thousands of compounds not to be found in any dictionary; hence, the learner should bear in mind the more general rules for the formation of compound words as laid down in any good grammar of the language. The same remark applies with regard to the rules for derivation, particularly those relating to the formation of causal verbs and abstract nouns. 2. The few contractions used throughout the work are the following: The letters a, p, 8; as well as h, d, t, or g, at the end of the definitions, denote that the word there defined is from the Arabic, Persian, Sanskrit, respectively; the letter A distinguishes such words as are aboriginal or purely Indian; and d such as are peculiar to the Deccan (dakhan): the few words marked t and g are of Tartarian and Greek origin respectively. The other contractions are, m. denoting the masculine gender; f. feminine; a. an active or transitive verb; and n. a verb neuter. The letter v. imports vide, and pl. the plural number. 3. The following contractions are used in the formation of compound verbs: k, for karnā, "to make;" h, for honā, "to be, to become;" j for jānā, "to go, to be;' r, for rakhnā, "to keep, to have;" d, for dena, "to give ;" l, for lena, " to take;" d, for ḍālnā, "to throw" and b, for bāndhnā, “to bind." These, with the exception of the first two, are chiefly used in the formation of intensives, and consequently they have then laid aside their own primitive signification. As a general rule, compound words have their parts or members separated by a hyphen, thus dil-nishin, tan-durust, sar-gardān, &c. Such compounds, when transferred into the Oriental characters, are optionally written entire as one word, or distinct as two. The short i, denoting the Persian izafat, is indifferently written either as the last letter of the governing word, or separately between the two words, as dardi sar or dard i sar, the sense being abundantly obvious either way, as no Persian word ends in the short i except it be in a state of construction with the substantive or adjective following. 4. I have avoided cross references, which are very embarrassing to the learner; and I never have recourse to this slovenly plan except when the word referred to is either close at hand or is attended by a long explanation which it would be needless to repeat. In conclusion, I have only to add, that amid such a mass of small letters, it will not seem surprising that an occasional error of the press should have occurred. I trust, however, that the number of such errors is small; and I am confident that the generous, the learned, and the experienced (and it is their good opinion, and theirs only, I am ambitious to obtain) will not deny me their kind indulgence. 58, BURTON CRESCENT, March, 1861. DUNCAN FORBES. A DICTIONARY, HINDUSTANI AND ENGLISH. AB-ABA .. ab, now, presently; by adding kā, ke, ki, it forms an adj., as ab-kā zamāna, the present time. h. ab (contract from abu), a father. ab, m. water, splendour, elegance, dignity, lustre (in gems), temper (of steel, &c.), edge, sharpness (of a sword, &c.). p. aba, fathers, pl. of ab, or abu (as above). a. 'abā, a kind of cloak worn by darweshes. ababil, m. a swallow. .. a. a. a-bach, that which has not escaped. h. abad, m. eternity without end. abad, cultivated, prosperous; used in comp. in the sense of city or ville, as akbar-ābād, the city of Akbar, or (as the Americans would say) Akbar-ville, the city of Agra. p. a. abadan, eternally, for ever; never. abadan, synonymous with ābād, q.v. p. ābādānī, f. a habitation, a cultivated, populous place; population, cultivation, abundance. p. abad-beshi, f. first assessment of newly-settled or cultivated land. p. a-badh, sacred, inviolable. 8. a-badhya, not deserving death, inviolable. 8. abadi, eternal, without end. a. abadi, synonymous with ābādānī. p. abad-kar, the first settler on waste land. p. ābād-karnā, a. to build, cultivate, make a place habitable and populous. p. a-bak, dumb, speechless. s. a-bal, weak, without strength or power. a-balū, f. weak; a woman. a-balā,i, f. weakness. a-balāpā, m. weakness, frailty. a-bali, weak, powerless. s. АВА-АВЕ abali, f. a row, a range, a continuous line. S. abar, now, at present. h. abar-dhabar, coarse, rough, common. h. abarhan (vide abharan) m. ornaments, jewels, &c. a-bas, powerless, without choice. 8. 8. a. [s. abas, vain, idle; adv. in vain, uselessly. a. a-basan, naked, without clothes. 'abbāsī, name of a flower; adj. red. ab-bāzi, f. play or sport in water; swimming. p. ab-charhānā, a. to whet one's sword, &c. p.h. ab-chashi, f. giving drink to a child for the first time preparatory to weaning him. p. abchhara, a female dancer in the court of Indra; also apchhara and apsarā, q.v. 8. 'abd, m. a servant, a devotee; a slave. a. abdāl, m. a religious person, devotee, enthusiast. abdali, of or relating to a devotee. a. ab-dāna, m. food and drink: also ab o dāna. p. abdär, m. the person intrusted with the charge of water for drinking; adj. polished, of a good water (as gems), well tempered (as steel). abdar-khana, the house or cellar where water for drinking is kept. p. ab-dāri, f. sharpness (of a sword, &c.); polish (of gems); office of abdur. p. ab-dast, m. washing the hands. p. abdhut, m. a kind of fakir or devotee. s. abdida, in tears, weeping. üb-dida-h., to shed abdiyat, servitude, slavery. a. [tears. p.h. abe, an interj. expressive of scorn, as Sirrah! h. a-ber, f. delay; late, unseasonable. 8. abe-tabe-karnā, to thee and thou, a person. B |