In all other instances, if you complete the sentence in like manner, by supplying the part that is understood, the case of the latter noun will be determined; as—

It was well expressed by Plato, but more elegantly by Solomon than him, (i.e.,) than by him.—Bp. Lowth, Gram. 154.

Lennie observes, when who immediately follows than, it is used improperly in the objective case; as- -Alfred than whom a greater king never reigned. It ought to be, than who; because who is the nominative to was understood. Than whom is as bad a phrase as, "He is taller than him." It is true that some of our best writers have used than whom; but it is also true, that they have used other phrases, which we have rejected as ungrammatical. why not reject this too?

Then

As is a relative pronoun, when it follows the adjectives such, and the same; as

Such words were spoken, as quite alarmed me. things, as (or which) were stated.

The same

The adverb where, has sometimes a relative signification; as

This is the place where I stood (i.e.,) in which.

Note. The relative always stands before the word which governs it, if that word be a verb or a substantive.

CHAPTER VIII.

CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICIPLES.

PARTICIPLES will have the same cases after them, as the verbs from which they are derived, as―

He was imputing treason to the man.

Participles, adjectives, and pronominal adjectives agree with their substantives in gender, number,

and case, as

A learned man.

Blazing torches.

Your house is my home.

A beautiful girl.

The Preposition for, when used before the participle of the present tense, has the force of the infinitive mode, or gerund; as

Opportunities daily occur for strengthening the habits of virtue, (i.e.,) to strengthen them.

Participles when preceded by an article, a pronoun, or a preposition, are used and declined like substantives, as

The bearing of injuries patiently, is not the part of a coward. His quitting of the army was unexpected.

The outgoings of the morning.

The desire of getting more, is rarely satisfied.

Note. By the sending to them the light of thy Holy Spirit. Here substitute the mission, (a substantive, for the sending,) and the next substantive light, takes its proper position, as the genitive governed by the sending. Take away the, and by sending is a gerund, (i.e.,) by sending to them the light, &c., where the light is the accusative after the gerund.

Participles, used as substantives, and still retaining the government of their verbs, are gerunds,*

as

Happiness is to be obtained by avoiding evil, and doing good; by seeking peace and pursuing it.

In speaking the truth, concerning you and him, I said little.
By deferring our repentance, we increase our sorrows.

*Corresponding with the Latin Gerund.

The Infinitive Mode, when it has no previous verb to govern it, is often used as a gerund, or an active supine, as—

To complete (or in completing) the king's prosperity, Edgar, despairing of success, submitted to his enemy.

To add to their miseries, they were languishing with famine.

A Substantive and a Participle, independent of, and unconnected with, any other word in the sentence, are put in the nominative case absolute, as—

The doors being closed, all access was denied.

He destroyed, all this will follow.

He being raised from the dead, we shall live.

I being your guide, you will be safe.

They descending, the ladder fell.

This proposition being admitted, I state my argument.

One man in his time plays many parts,

"His acts being seven ages."

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Note.--There is a very common error in the construction of the participle with the pronoun substantive, instead of using its corresponding adjective; as when people write, you must excuse me coming." You must pardon me doing it. There is little hope of me returning. Excuse me writing. We are glad to hear of you taking so much exercise. This will prevent me having the pleasure of seeing you. To warrant them being put on record. Excuse me writing a longer letter. Do you recollect me calling upon you. Til nearer the time for them going home. The true construction put upon any of the above sentences, will be a guide to the remainder, (viz.,) "You must excuse my coming," or "the coming of me," in which phrase, we either make the pronoun agree with coming as a pronominal adjective, or if the pronoun me remain a pronoun substantive, it will be requisite to put it in the genitive case after the verbal substantive coming. Hence we should write, "You must pardon my doing it,—there is little hope of my returning,-or my return, using an ordinary substantive, and so of all the rest.

CHAPTER IX.

CONSTRUCTION OF CONJUNCTIONS.

A Conjunction (says Harris, Herm. 238) is a part of speech void of signification itself; but so formed, as to help signification, by making two or more significant sentences, to be one significant

sentence.

CONJUNCTIONS connect similar words and sentences, and generally require similar parts of speech, cases, modes, and tenses, before and after them,

as

Children, love and honour your parents.

I went and wrote my exercise.

This is not Henry's but Charlotte's book.

To love virtue and shun vice, are Christian virtues.
He receives plentifully and bestows liberally.

I know it, and I can prove it.

The following Conjunctions, some of which are sometimes elliptical, that, if, though, ere, lest, unless, except, whether, till, until, before, whatever, whosoever, expressing doubt or contingency, and also words of wishing and desiring, as-Oh that! Would that! require the subjunctive mode after them, as

If I were to write, he would not regard it.
If he be innocent, let him not fear.

If he promise, he will perform.

Though he afflict me, yet will I trust in him.
Unless he learn faster, he will be no scholar.
Let him take heed, lest he fall.

Ere, or before he come, I shall be prepared.
Whatever it be, I know not.

Oh that the time were come.

Would that the case were known.

Take heed that thou speak not to Jacob.

Were she ever so beautiful, this conduct would debase her, (i.e.) If she were.

Were there no difference, there would be no choice, (i.e.) If there were.

Were I to enumerate all her virtues, it would look like flattery, (i.e.) If I were.

Had he done this, (i.e.) If he had, &c.

Charm he ever so wisely, (i.e.) Though he charm.

Some authors divide the conjunctions into Copulative and Disjunctive; ranking the following as copulatives, (viz.,) also, and, because, both, for, if, since, that, then, therefore, wherefore. And as disjunctives; although, though, as, as well as, but, either, neither, nor, except, lest, notwithstanding, or, provided, so, than, unless, whether, yet. To avoid the employment of a contradictory term; the sense determining whether the word be conjunctive or disjunctive; no such division is here made.

The Conjunction than, is used after the comparative degree, either of adjectives or adverbs; and also after the pronominal adjective other; as

No one can be taught quicker than he can learn.

He came sooner than was expected.

This is none other than the house of God.