The Paniyas, an Ex-slave Tribe of South IndiaStudy on the social life of the Paniya tribe in Wayanad, Kerala. |
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Page 18
... Coffee was first introduced in 1804 and was well established by 1840. Coffee and tea plantations occupied an important place in the economy of Wynad throughtout the 19th century and have now become the most important cash crops . The ...
... Coffee was first introduced in 1804 and was well established by 1840. Coffee and tea plantations occupied an important place in the economy of Wynad throughtout the 19th century and have now become the most important cash crops . The ...
Page 57
... coffee leaves is a substitute for coffee . Men , women and children in north Wynad consume the brew made by Loiling green leaves of coffee . A pot of this brew is kept at home for children to drink while the parents are away at work ...
... coffee leaves is a substitute for coffee . Men , women and children in north Wynad consume the brew made by Loiling green leaves of coffee . A pot of this brew is kept at home for children to drink while the parents are away at work ...
Page 64
A. Aiyappan. Coffee , pepper and Trained non - tribal any employer who Those farmers who have both paddy fields and coffee eastajes find it convenient to employ Paniyas as they can be switched on from work on the coffee estate to the ...
A. Aiyappan. Coffee , pepper and Trained non - tribal any employer who Those farmers who have both paddy fields and coffee eastajes find it convenient to employ Paniyas as they can be switched on from work on the coffee estate to the ...
Common terms and phrases
able addressed agricultural ankam annual asked attali became become beginning better boys brother called castes century ceremony chemmi child Christian clear cloth coffee communities continued dance dead death deities early elders employers evil farm farmers father field four friends girl give given goddess gods Government hand head Hindu husband important India interest Kerala Kottayam Kurichiyas labour land later leaves less living look Malayalam marriage master means month mother Muslim Nanjan Nayar offerings paddy paid Paniyas party persons placed plains plantain police pollution present reference region rice ritual round rule serf shades shaman sister's slavery slaves songs spirit stop story temple trees tribal tribes usually wages wife woman women workers worship Wynad young