A New System of Slavery: The Export of Indian Labour Overseas, 1830-1920

abolition accepted Andrews appointed arrived asked Assam Bengal Bombay British Guiana Burma C. F. Andrews Calcutta Captain Caribbean caste cent Ceylon Ceylon and Malaya Colonial Office Colonial Secretary Commission Commissioners coolie emigration coolies Council Creole Curzon demand Demerara depot despatch Dhangars districts embarked Emigration Agent employers estates European evidence February females Fiji French Gandhi gang Government of India Governor Governor-General Hardinge Hugon indenture system indentured coolies indentured emigration indentured Indians indentured labour India Office Indian coolies Indian Government Indian immigrants Indian labour industry inquiry island Jamaica July kangani London Lord Madras magistrate Malaya March Mauritius ment months mortality Natal overseas plantation planters population Port Louis Protector protest Provinces recruits return passages Réunion Sanderson Committee sent ship sirdars slavery slaves South Africa Straits Settlements sugar colonies Surgeon Superintendent Surinam tion told Transvaal Trinidad Viceroy voyage wages West Indies women workers wrote