less numerous or less bold than those claimed by Beda and the poets contemporary with Charles the Great,-are sufficient to fix his date rather in the sixth than fifth century.

The long final a may always be shortened. I count some eighty exx. of abl. of 1 decl., fifteen of numerals triginta cet. (G 222. 232. 256. 702 dub. 1046. E 318. 1094. Jo 99. N 223. 388. D 1200. Ju 18. 464. 470. 479), two of adverbs (E 1325 antea. L 121 postea), and six of imperatives (E 1020. 1300. Jo 440. L 79. 82. Ls 77). No long e of abl. or adv. is shortened; părăsceuě (E 686) stands alone; of imperatives five (G 360. 456. E 1239. 1240. Jo 19). sēsě (E 151. 274. 370) is certainly corrupt. Only one (Jo 439 etsi), and one u (E 913 cornu), both doubtless corrupt. The rule for o is the same as in the silver age, no ablative or dative (N 391 is corrupt', uno velut sensu), except indeed the gerund, has short o; there is no great abundance even of nouns like benedictio (Gs 11), cultio (G 271), confusio (348), cet., nemo (E 430); verbs like congrego (E 770), dimitto (1052), palpabo (1064), pono (214), praestabo (1077), ascribito (1301), ambulo (1306), optando (Jo 480, the only ex.), spargito (L 88), cet.

The diphthong ae, which as initial and medial is treated as common, is shortened four times (E 1159 tertiae e coni. 1220 suae dub. as in N 499. D 1080 gloriae).

Final as. nom. (G 1110 Judas. Ls 41 puritas).

acc. pl. (G 1213 nuntias).

adv. (Ju 695 foras).

verb (Ju 238 temperas).

Final es.

numeral adverbs (G 208. 212. 221. 228. 576. 725. 1380. Gs

38. N 199. 217. 578. Ns 159).

nouns sing. (Jo 417 sedes. N 748 and Ls 77 quadrupes).

nouns plural (G 315 orbes. Ju 299 uindices. Ju 12 and 32 turtures).

Final os (G 889 castos. Ju 403 deos. 404 nescios).

Final us (E 502 and 1245 seruitus. Ju 88. 156. Jo 64 salus. Ju 223 uirtus).

The long

of fiunt, fiat, cet. is sometimes retained, but

shortened in the following passages:

G 6. 282. 429. E 450. 774. 1342.

Jo 65. 479. 514. L 74. 128. 193.

N 292. 594. 619. 851. Ju 496. 667. 677. Ls 70. Ns 148.

1 Probably uelut is a reduplication of ut, hiatus being very frequent in our poem. Traube (karolingische Dichtungen, Berlin 1888, 28) "o im Ablativ nur kurz bei Gerundien, weswegen cum gaudio unmöglich ist." The e of adverbs is

in poetae aeui Christiani generally short, for long e of the abl. of 3rd decl. the dative is used; conversely where the dat. is required to be short, the abl. (principe, rege, cet.) is substituted for the form with long i.

The accent influences quantity to a very great extent; trisyllabic words, beginning with two long syllables. often end the line, not merely where (A) the first syllable has ae, but where it has any long vowel (B).

A.

Aegyptus G 1224. E 63. 84. 242. 380. 555. 625. 769. 988. 1035. 1230. L 144. D 933.

acrumna E 501.

aeternus G 462. E 220. 312. 779. Jo 312. N 562. 617. 841.

caelestis E 663. 668.

caelorum D 1180.

faetore E 324.

haerentem E 889.

laetatur G 673. 723. E 431. 1392. Jo 522. L 16. N 233. 874. Ju 553. 709.

maerentem Jo 182. D 932. 1002.

praebebit G 152. 1205.

praeponam E 776.

praesagant N 396.

praesentem E 133. 638.

praesento G 441. 1324. Jo 127.

praetoris G 439.

natarum cet. G 945. 1068. 1426. E 1359. Jo 441. D 1094. Ls 64.

parendi Ns 160.

promisit E 686.

suadelis G 114 (cf. N 354 suădeam).

uadentem G 688. E 293. 730. 867. 1302. N 329. 523. 7C6.

Words in which three short syllables come together may lengthen the first (N 492 n. 18 exx. add E 112 pedisequis); words in which a short syllable separates two long ones may shorten either the second of the long ones (Exod. 1147 n. 3 exx.' E 787 instituturus); or the first (E 371, 503 inuisitata. E 1218 praeuaricatores. E 723 temptationis. E 282 praeputium is corrupt); twice the short vowel is lengthened (E 508 servitute, Jo 196 transmeauere).

Short final syllables, whether ending in a vowel (some 63 exx.) or consonant (some 112 exx.), may be lengthened in arsis. A short vowel before que may be lengthened as in Ausonius (G 549. 586. 1164. Gs 48. E 427. 933. 1024. Jo 157. N. 319. 328. 420. 453. 515. 563. 595. 620. 629. 645. 836. 839. 910. Ju 122. 257. 612).

Short syllables are often found at the beginning of lines, but generally accompanied with other symptoms of corruption. The case of tetrasyllables, with an initial tribrach, has been already considered.

G 43 uiritim. 44 Adamus. 340 bitumen. 422 quaternae. 474 columbas. 534 maribus. 684 (cf. 759) Philistinorum (-na). 981 femine. 1351 (E 103) futurum.

E 82 laborum (cf. 734. N 352). 115 cupitam. 161 puellae. 305 madentis. 465 serenos. 654 profatur. 676 niuosos. 1012 iniqua. 1153 inhaerent.

329 magorum canore. 755 carentis. 831 honorem.

Jo 122 nouorum in mense. 476 inoffensa. 510 nec opus ut. L 42 sacerdos. 67 uel una.

329 et ut. 349 (cf. 446 et e.) ut elementa.

N 491 inemptos. 543 uidentes. 685 Amorreus. 754 labantcm.

D 998 iuuencae. 1024 fugacem.

Ju 479 quaterdena. 609 oliueta.

1029 racemos.
666 uafer ait.

Quantities of derivatives from Greek changed.

abyssus G 288 (corrupt).

azyma G 585. E 449. 1033. 1045. Jo 120. Ju 282.

1 Jo 474 noueritis is not an instance in point; for we must read noritis, as siris (or sieris) for siueris E 815.

daemonum E 985. Ju 402.

eremus (her-) E 241. 286. Jo 51. 103. L 460. D 918. 954. Ju 38. 104. 634.

idola E 813. 1070. Jo 171. 504. 549. 583. L 183. Ju 251. 401. 483. numismata G 1311.

platea G 484 retains Gr. quantity, against classical usage.

G 145. 183. 194. 264 mittendum in aequora. 466 sincero acumine. 973. 1296. Gs 2. E 170. 317. 626. 636. 716. 758. 1318. Jo 85. 132. 273. 465. L 15. 61. N 350. 409. 582. 685 (but see n.). 755. 1058. 1196. Ju 423.

Even after a short vowel:

D 973. 981. 1033.

429 curaque omittitur. 579 ossaque in Sicimis

E 185 neque ignibus. 340 curamque omittit. 1229 tua ira. Jo 4 metata hostili. 105 usque ad. (though here we may scan ossaque). N 294 capita et. que. 438 nostraeque omitte. 554 armata et incita. 410 pia ira. Ls 15 quoque effigies.

437 dominē iramJu 401 nova idola.

Other long vowels shortened (A), or short lengthened (B), in the first syllable. Many of these readings are corrupt or at

least doubtful:

Jo 322.

A. alium N 493. anulus G 1232. Beniaminum (~~--) G 1253. debes E 959. deserta N 460. feriata E 83. flauus N 677. frater D 1041. levigatus E 844 (1). 1134 (1). natio Ju 163. oratores pacem E 1274. panes G 665. pareatis E 212. parens Jo 502. 877. semiuir G 1116. tabes N 227. 449. triturantis N 1039. E 1151. cf. configitur Jo 258. conubium G 846.

plaga N

uatibus

B. bitumen G 524. carent E 107. carentia G 457. cubile N 232. Ls 59. cupido G 770. Ju 593. daturus G 224. 878. datum G 1345. decem 473. ducenta Ns 132.

data G 1315. Ju 116. G 1062. dehinc Jo 169. deinde (--~) E 391. erilem G 1147. facilia (----) E 1296. cf. Ju 684. famem Ju 261. fidelis E 746. Jo 524. 558. 568. fidem N 642.

Libanon (-us) Jo 8. 422. magis E 551-2. mapalia G nequibant G 615. E 547. nouem G 522 bis. Jo 403.

futura N 915. iubet N 86. iugum Ls 108. licentia E 614. loco E 443. locus Ju 125. 1010. minaci N 829. ministrum N 655. niualis Jo 52. 150. niuosus G 1375. E 1164. nouerca Ls 70. opimam E 208. 212. palam L 22. 861. 882. 1076. L 112. Ls 62. pecunia Ls 96. petita G 1286. E 240. Pharum E 649. profanus E 326. 1070. 1214. 1369. propheta E 1190. 1284. N 390. prophetis Ju 209.

Ju 95. 102. 299.

paternus E 163. 849. pedem E 902. N 743.

The short vowel, expelled by ecthlipsis for the sake of metre, is retained in C:

domina G 1135. dominus G nihil Jo 431. poculum G 1355. saeculis cet. E 370. 1067. sup

absconditi (absconsi) Ju 258. compositus G 613. E 212. 1314. comprehendere G 413. dextera E 465. 1337. 90. 466. imposita G 1317. Jo 579. L 2. populus D 1190. preces (prex) E 738. posita G 1410. (cf. promisisset for prompsisset G 502. cl. 356. 1122. uindemiator L 60.)

Transposition of words in a line:

G 59 n. 64 n. 91 n. 145 n. 250 C mandata dei. 262 n. 288 n. 340 n. 356 n. 407 n. 449 n. 466 n. 471. 474 n. 492 n. 516 n. 534 n. 694 n. 785 n. 852 C de stirpe moneo. 878 n. 889 n. 933 n. 967 n. 981 n. 1006 n. 1108 n. 1116 n. 1135 n. 1341 n. E 282 n. 408 n. 447 n. 551-2 n. 589 n. 614 n. 694 n. 730 n. 746 n. 755 n. 831 n. 861 n. 882 n. 955 n. 1048 n. 1076 n. 1158 n. 1225 n. 1274 n. Jo 12 n. 52 n. 122 n. 177 n. 219 C pressisset iugo. 355 n. 558 n. L 14 n. 33 n. 77 n. 105 C cutem signare. 181 C fuerant prius. 193 n. N 318 n. 574 n. 685 n. 765 nunc uagis. 827 n. 849 n. 893 n. D 968 n. 1024 n. 1029 n. 1048 n. 1099 n. 1179 n. Ju 125 n. 245 n. 336 n.1 436 n. 462 n. Ls 96 n. 108 n. Ns 163 n.

In two lines

G 43-4 n. 1064-5 n. E 464-5 n. Jo 41-2. D 1040—1. Ju 641-2 n. Ls 106-7 n.

Transposition of lines:

G 547 n. 645 n. 1037 n. 1042-5 n. 1113 n. 1115 n. Jo 191-2 n. N 616 -7 n. Ju 494-5 n. 721-2 n.

Transposition of letters in a word:

acri (in eloquiis sacri) for cari G 847. Amalech for Lamech G 179. correpta for porrecta E 895. dataque for quae data G 1316. delicta for dilecta E 60. esse C for sese E 523. euomet for emouet Ju 242. fore for fero N 428. foret for ferox G 326. leti for teli Ju 222. limina for milia N 887. limite for milite N 775. nota for nato N 652. reparet C for raperet G 929. redibit for ridebit G 80. terniqua for quaterni G 420. cf. factus et ciuia for fatus et ciuica G 343. in spirat lubricas for in spiras lubricat G 21.

1 παθὼν ἔμαθον. I spent more time in endeavouring to correct this line without transposition, than on any other line in the poem. If therefore I have freely resorted to this operation, it is only on compulsion.