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1852.

MIDLAND

ERN RAIL

WAY of IRELAND

v.

or not. What is the language of that section? [His Lordship read it. See ante, p. 880, n.] That seems to me to be GREATWEST wholly permissive; and if the company had funds of its own, without requiring any additional sum to be subscribed, I apprehend that from those funds the directors might have completed the railroad from Mullingar to Athlone. If that is so, then it is quite clear to me that the subscribers were not ipso facto shareholders; and if so, then the direction of the learned Baron was most material, and being erroneous, there ought to be a venire de

LEECH.

novo.

Lord Truro :

My Lords, I concur in the opinion expressed by my noble and learned friend the Lord Chancellor, and also concur entirely in that which has been expressed, somewhat more at large, by my noble and learned friend near me.

The case furnishes, I think, many topics in support of this opinion; but it is quite unnecessary to occupy your Lordships' time in going over them, the learned Judges being unanimous in their opinion, and there being a coincidence in that respect between their opinions and those of the noble and learned lords.

I think it is perfectly clear that the Act of Parliament did not amalgamate the two companies, and that no inten tion ever was entertained that it should have that effect, but that it was left, as my noble and learned friend near me has expressed it, entirely optional; and all that was done after the Act was obtained was the making of the recommendation which has been referred to, which recommendation, in its terms, utterly excludes the inference that the passing of the Act was considered an amalgamation of the two companies. But the effect of the resolution which was passed, and what was done afterwards, also show that

at no subsequent time was it considered an amalgamation until it became necessary to make some call for money, and then this seems to have occurred to the parties. In October, 1846, the first register-book was signed, and in that book the directors did not include the extension subscribers; but in March, 1847, for the first time, they were registered, when, from the state of the funds, the reason for this being done was pretty obvious. It appears to me to have been an attempt to draw in a few extension subscribers, only a few, into a concern which was not very prosperous at the time. I am quite satisfied that the Act did not operate to amalgamate the two companies, and that the resolution which was subsequently proposed was not calculated to have that effect. It was a mere proposal, which proposal was never adopted by those who were entitled to exercise an option upon it, but have not exercised it in favour of adopting the proposal. It appears to me, therefore, that the judgment of the Exchequer Chamber is perfectly correct in point of law, and that it ought to be affirmed by your Lordships.

The Lord Chancellor :

My Lords, I did not touch upon the point which my noble and learned friend has alluded to amply, because I thought that the opinion which has been delivered to your Lordships by the learned Chief Baron on the part of the learned Judges, implied that that point could not be maintained. It was one on which I never entertained the slightest doubt. It is perfectly clear that that Act of Parliament gave power to the directors of the original company, if they pleased and could agree with the extension subscribers, to admit them; and if they had been admitted, they would have formed part of the original company. But the very recital of that Act of Parliament is, that the pro

1852.

MIDLAND

GREAT WEST-
ERN RAIL-
WAY of
IRELAND

V.

LEECH.

1852.

MIDLAND

ERN RAIL

WAY of IRELAND

v.

LEECH.

prietors of the Midland Company proposed to execute the extension at their own expense, and for that purpose they GREATWEST have ample powers granted to them. The sum raised did not tally with the sum which was to be paid by the Extension Company without reference to the other subscribers; and therefore, upon looking at the Act of Parliament, I cannot say that I ever entertained the slightest doubt on the point; and as I considered the judgment, as delivered, by fair implication was conclusive upon it, my belief that it was so was the only reason I did not say a word upon it ; but I entirely agree in the opinions delivered upon it by my noble and learned friends. The three cases depend upon the same argument, and therefore they will be disposed of in the same way.

Judgment of the Court of Exchequer Chamber affirmed.

The House was applied to, but declined to say anything about costs.

Lords' Journals, Dec. 9, 1852.

The MIDLAND GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY of IRELAND v. EDMONDS.

The MIDLAND GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY of IRELAND v. JOHNSTON.

THESE two cases, which likewise came up by writ of error from the Exchequer Chamber, arose upon the same facts, and involved the same questions. By consent of parties, they were made to depend on the judgment in the first

case.

Lords' Journals, Dec. 9, 1852.

INDEX.

AGREEMENT.

A variance in the agreement to which a surety has subscribed,
which variance has been made without the surety's know-
ledge or consent, and which may prejudice him, or amount
to the substitution of a new agreement for a former one, will
discharge the surety, though the original agreement, not-
withstanding such variance, may be that on which the liabi-
lity is substantially incurred.-Bonar v. Macdonald, 226.
1. A. became surety for B.'s conduct as a clerk in a bank. B.
was subsequently appointed to a better situation in a branch
of the same bank, and A. extended his suretyship to this new
situation. B. afterwards, while remaining in the same situa-
tion, undertook, on having his salary raised, to become liable
to one-fourth of the losses on discounts. No communication
of this new arrangement was made to A. B. allowed a
customer considerably to overdraw his accounts, and thereby
the bank lost a sum of money :-Held, that the surety could
not be called on to make good this loss, though it fell
within the terms of the original agreement, as the fresh
arrangement was the substitution of a new agreement for
the former one, and A. was thereby discharged.—Id. ib.
2. A., a landowner, through whose estate a part of a projected
railway was to pass, became a party to a deed with the pro-
jectors of the railway, by which he covenanted to withdraw
his opposition to their bill and to oppose a rival bill, and
they covenanted to pay him a certain sum of money in case
their bill should pass within six months from the date of the
deed, or to pay him a different sum if the rival bill should
pass within eighteen months from the date of the deed. It
was then provided, that if the bill of these projectors should
not be passed into a law within six months from the date of
the agreement, either party might put an end to the agree-
ment by a notice. The deed then contained a covenant on

the part of these projectors, by which they agreed, if the two
companies should be amalgamated, to pay a certain sum
within three months after such amalgamation. The deed was
dated on the 16th of March, 1846. The two companies were
amalgamated in June, 1846; but no bill ever passed at the
instance of these projectors alone. In November, 1846, these
projectors gave a notice to put an end to the agreement.
A. declared in covenant against these projectors on that
clause of the deed by which he was to receive a sum of money
within three months after the amalgamation of the companies.
The defendants pleaded that their bill had never passed into
a law, that at the end of six months they had given notice to
put an end to the agreement, and that they had not taken
the plaintiff's land:-Held, that this plea was no answer to
the action.-Capper v. Lindsey (Earl), 293.

3. A. made his promissory note payable on demand, with interest,
in favour of B. and C., the executors of D. A. was, with
several other relatives, to be entitled to certain benefits
under D.'s will, upon the coming of age of the youngest
legatee named in the will. By an agreement made between
the legatees, the executors were authorized to lend the funds
in their hands on personal security; and a part of these
funds having been lent to 4. (as well as to the other legatees),
he gave the executors the note in question. By the agree-
ment it was settled that the notes given to the executors
should not be sued on till the youngest legatee had arrived
at the age mentioned in the will. The executors did not
sign this agreement; but when it had been signed by the
other parties, took it into their possession. The executors
brought the action while the legatee in question was alive,
and before he had attained the specified age. A. pleaded the
agreement as an answer to the action, averring that the
plaintiffs accepted and received the note on the terms and
conditions of the agreement, and that the youngest legatee
was still under age at the time the agreement was proved :-
Held, that the plea was bad in substance, for that the
agreement was collateral, and was not between the same
parties as the note.-Salmon v. Webb, 510.
AMALGAMATION.

See RAILWAY COMPANY.

APPEAL. See PRACTICE.

Semble, that a decree appealed from, but not adjudicated on
further than the dismissing the appeal generally, may be
included in a subsequent appeal.-Tommey v. White, 49.

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