Ad Infinitum: A Biography of LatinThe Latin language has been the one constant in the cultural history of the West for more than two millennia. It has been the foundation of our education, and has defined the way in which we express our thoughts, our faith, and our knowledge of how the world functions. Indeed, the language has proved far more enduring than its empire in Rome, its use echoing on in the law codes of half the world, in the terminologies of modern science, and until forty years ago, in the liturgy of the Catholic Church. It is the unseen substance that makes us members of the Western world. In his erudite and entertaining "biography," Nicholas Ostler shows how and why (against the odds, through conquest from within and without) Latin survived and thrived even as its creators and other languages failed. Originally the dialect of Rome and its surrounds, Latin supplanted its neighbors to become, by conquest and settlement, the language of all Italy, and then of Western Europe and North Africa. Its cultural creep toward Greek in the East led it to copy and then ally with it in an unprecedented, but invincible combination: Greek theory and Roman practice, delivered through Latin, became the foundation of Western civilization. Christianity, a latecomer, then joined the alliance, and became vital to Latin's survival when the empire collapsed. Spoken Latin re-emerged as a host of new languages, from Portuguese and Spanish in the west to Romanian in the east. But a knowledge of Latin lived on as the common code of European thought, and inspired the founders of Europe's New World in the Americas. E pluribus unum. Illuminating the extravaganza of its past, Nicholas Ostler makes clear that, in a thousand echoes, Latin lives on, ad infinitum. |
Contents
Ad infinitumAn Empire Lived in Latin | 3 |
Fons et origoLatins Kin | 21 |
Sub rosaLatins Etruscan Stepmother | 30 |
Cui bono?Romes Winning Ways | 46 |
Excelsior Looking Up to Greek | 58 |
Felix coniunctioA Partnership of Paragons | 83 |
Urbi et orbiTaking Over the Church | 107 |
Vox populi vox deiLatin as the Bond of Unity | 116 |
Ex oriente luxSources of Higher Learning | 207 |
Alter egoHumanism and the Return of the Classics | 233 |
Deus ex machinaPrinting and the Profusion of Grammars | 250 |
Novus orbisLatin America | 260 |
Decus et tutamenLast Redoubts | 278 |
Eheu fugacesLatins Decline | 292 |
Sub specie aeternitatisLatin Today | 302 |
Notes on the Latin Tags in Chapter Headings | 321 |
Dies iraeStaying On | 128 |
Fractured Latin | 159 |
Amor vincit omniaLatin Lovers | 177 |
Litterae humanioresThe Fruits of a Latin Education | 190 |
Effects of Sound Changes on Latin Nouns and Verbs | 327 |
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| 369 | |
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