Anglesey, attacked by Suetonius Paulinus, i. 8. The Druids destroyed
there, ib.

Anglia, East, history of the Saxon kingdom of, i. 46.

Anglo-Norman government, the executive power of, where lodged,
11. 121. The judicial power how distributed, ib. The Crown re-
venue, in what it consisted, 125. Talliages levied by, 126.
Angus, Earl of, marries Margaret, widow of James IV. of Scotland,
iv. 5.
She gets a divorce from him, and marries again, 123.
Is
forced to fly into England by the young King, ib. Joins the English
army against James V. of Scotland, 228. Returns to Scotland, and
takes part with the Earl of Arran against Cardinal Beaton, 232. Con-
ducts the retreat of the Scots army from the English on the flight of
Arran, 248. Inspires Arran with resolution to face the English again,
who are defeated at Ancram, 249. Commands the van at the battle
of Pinkey, 303.

Anjou, Duke of, brother to Charles IX. of France, defeats and kills the
Prince of Condé at the battle of Jarnac, v. 186. Defeats Coligni at
Montcontour, 188. Is proposed as a husband to Elizabeth Queen of
England, 189. Is elected King of Poland, 210. Takes possession of
the crown of France, on the death of his brother Charles, ib. See
Henry III. of France.

the Duke of Alençon, created Duke of, v. 239. Sends over
Simier to prosecute his suit with Queen Elizabeth, ib. See Siemier.
Pays Elizabeth a private visit, 240. Articles for his marriage prepared,
241. Is sent in the service of the States to the Low Countries. 242.
His operations there, 243. Comes over to England, ib. Receives a ring
from Elizabeth, 244. The Queen breaks off the match with him,
247. Is expelled the Netherlands, returns home and dies, ib.
Anlaf heads the Danish pirates against King Athelstan, i. 105. His stra
tagem to gain intelligence in Athelstan's camp, ib. Athelstan's pru-
dent conduct on the occasion, 106.

Annates, an act of parliament passed by Henry VIII. against levying,
iv. 107.

Anne, sister of the Emperor Winceslaus, and Queen of Richard II,, her
ineffectual suit to the Duke of Gloucester in favour of Sir Simon Bur-
ley, iii. 22.

Princess, Lady of Beaujou, her character, iii. 335. Vested with
the government of France during the minority of Charles VIII., ib.
The administration disputed by Lewis Duke of Orleans, 336. Mo-
tives of her embassy to Henry VII. of England, 337.

of Cleves, is sent over to be married to Henry VIII, of England,
iv. 202. Henry sees her privately, and is disgusted with her, ib. Is
nevertheless married by him, 204. Is divorced from Henry, 209.
Her insensibility under this treatment, 210. Refuses to return home, ib.
-Lady, daughter of James Duke of York, married to Prince George
of Denmark, viii. 204. Deserts with her husband to the Prince of
Orange, 296. Is declared successor to the crown on failure of the
issue of her sister Mary, 319.

Anselm, a Norman abbot, appointed Archbishop of Canterbury by Wil-
liam Rufus, 301. Opposes the violences of the King, 302. Preaches

24

successfully

successfully against the then fashionable modes of dress, 303. Espouses
the pretensions of Urban to the papacy, ib. In what manner he fur-
nished his quota of soldiers demanded by the King for his expedition
against Wales, 304. Retires to Rome, and his temporalities con-
fiscated, ib. Assists at the council of Bari, ib. Recalled by Henry I.,
317. Refuses homage to him, 318. Assists at a council to
debate on the King's intended marriage, ib. Acquires the King's
confidence, 320. Procures an accommodation between the King and
his brother Robert, 321. Refuses to consecrate the Bishops invested
by Henry, 328. Retires to Rome, and his revenues again confiscated,
329. Returns to his monastery in Normandy, ib. Compromise with,
ib. 333.

Antient history, causes of the uncertainty of, pointed out, i. 1. 19.
Antonio, Don, Prior of Crato, solicits assistance from England to assert
his pretensions to the crown of Portugal, v. 348. Obtains a small
fleet, 349. The expedition fails, 350.

Antwerp, joyful reception of the English merchants there, on the re-
newal of commerce with Flanders by Henry VII., iii. 378. A revolt
of the Protestants there against the catholic worship, v. 192. The
insurgents suppressed by the Prince of Orange. ib.
Appeals from inferior to superior courts, how appointed by the laws of
Alfred, i. 93.
From the barons' courts, how regulated by parlia
ment in the reign of Henry III., ii. 223. To Rome, forbid by par-
liament, iv. 112. From chancery to the House of Peers, first came
into practice, vi. 110, note.

Apprentices of London petition the long parliament, vi. 475.

Archangel, a passage to, discovered, and a trade opened with Muscovy,
v. 478.

Arcemboldi, a Genoese Bishop, farms the sale of indulgences in Saxony,
of Magdalen, Pope Leo's sister, iv. 34. Appoints the preaching of
them to the Dominicans, ib. See Indulgences and Luther.

Archy, the King's fool, loses his place for exercising his wit on Arch-
bishop Laud, vi. 313.

Ardes, interview between Henry VIII, of England, and Francis I. of
France, in a plain near, iv. 22. Grand tournament held by them
there, 25.

Argyle, Earl of, with his son Lord Lorn, enters into the association of re
formers called the Congregation of the Lord, v. 22. Attends the
Queen-regent in her attempt to suppress the protestant riots, 27.
Signs the new covenant of the Congregation, 30. Enters into a con-
spiracy against Mary at Stirling, 90. Is forced to fly into England,
91. Is invited back by Darnley, 97. Is reconciled to the Queen, ib.

Earl of, his character, vi. 336. Subscribes to the covenant, ib.
Deserts his army at the approach of Montrose, vii. 49. Refuses any
intimacy with Charles II. on his arrival in Scotland, 186. Submits
to the commonwealth, 207. Is tried and executed, 368.

Earl of, see Lorn, Is again condemned for leasing-making, viii.
169. Escapes to Holland, 170. Engages in the Duke of Mon.
mouth's conspiracy,185. Urges Monmouth to rebel against James II.
228. Invades Scotland, 237. Is taken and executed, 238.

Arians,

Arians, two burnt during the reign of James I. vi. 163.
Arlington, Bennet Earl of, made secretary of state by Charles II., vii.
393. Becomes one of the cabal ministry, 458.
His character,

460. Is sent to Holland, to treat with Lewis XIV. concerning peace
with the states, 493.
Armada, the invincible one of Spain, preparations for the equipment of,
v. 333. Sails from Lisbon and is scattered by a storm, 339. Its
strength when repaired, 340. Makes an unsuccessful attack on the
English fleet, 342. Is attacked and disconcerted at Calais by the
English admiral, 343. Sails northward on its return home, and is
destroyed by a storm, 344.
Armagnacs and Burgundians, these party denominations in France ex-
plained, and the troubles occasioned thereby, iii. 94. 104.

Armies, standing, the first rise of, iii. 405. When first introduced into
England, vii. 360. Number of standing forces kept up from the re-
storation to the Revolution, viii. 326.

Arminianism, is persecuted in the United Provinces, vi. 57. Reflec-
tions on the opinion of, 166. Is attacked by the House of Commons,
274.

Armorica. See Britany.

Arms, coats of, custom of using them first introduced into Europe dur-
ing the crusades, ii. 38.

Armstrong, Sir Thomas, is seized and executed without trial, for engag
ing in the Duke of Monmouth's conspiracy, vii. 189.

Army, feudal, its disadvantages, ii. 265. Becomes disused in favour of
a mercenary one, 266.

parliamentary, first raised, and the command given to the Earl
of Effex, vi. 490. See its operations under the respective Generals,
Effex, Fairfax, Manchefter, &c. Mutiny of, vii. 85. Forms a
military parliament, 87. Seizes the King, 88. Chooses Cromwel
general, 90. Is marched to St. Albans, 91.
Enters into a nego-
tiation with the parliament, 96. Accuses the Presbyterian leaders in
parliament of high treason, ib. Removes to Reading, after obtaining
its demands, 97. Marches back to Hounslow Heath, where the
speakers of the two Houses arrive, and implore its protection, 101.
Arrives in London, and re-instates the speakers, 103. Schemes
of, for settling the nation, 108. Is reduced to obedience by Crom-
wel, 109.
Subdues the scattered parties of royalists, 120. For
its future operations, see Cromwel. Is disbanded at the restoration,
355.

-

Scots. See Leven, Earl of Lesley, Montrose, and Scotland.
Arran, James Earl of, his pretensions to the administration of Scotland,
during the minority of Mary, daughter of James V., iv. 232. Op-
poses and confines Cardinal Beaton, ib. Contracts the infant Queen
to Prince Edward of England, 233. Evades the demand of the stipu
lated hostages, made by Sadler the English ambassador, 234. At-
tempts to seize the young Queen, but fails, and enters into an ac-
commodation, 235. Renounces the reformed religion. 240. At-
taches himself to Beaton in opposition to Lennox, 241. Forces
Lennox to fly to England, 245. His feeble opposition to the Eng-

lish

lish incursions, 248. The English defeated at Ancram, 249. Ra-
vages the borders of England, ib. Refuses to concur in the execu-
tion of Wishart the reformer, 297. Engages the Duke of Somer-
set at Pinkey, 303. Receives succours from France, 310. Obtains
a pension from France, and is created Duke of Chatelrault, 312. See
Chatelrault.
Arran, James Stuart of Ochiltree, made Earl of, v. 247. The King
taken from the power of him and Lennox, by an association of Scots
nobility, 248. Is confined to his own house, 249. Is recalled to
court on the King's escape, 255. His violent tyrannical conduct,
256. Is degraded from his authority, and deprived of his title and
estate, ib.

Arras, congress at, between Charles VII. of France and the Dukes of
Bedford and Burgundy, iii, 161.

Array, commissions of, issued by Charles I. in opposition to the militia
under parlimentary authority, vi. 488.

Arteville, James de, a brewer at Ghent, becomes a leader of the popu
lace against the Flemish nobility, ii. 395. Is employed by Edward
III. of England to bring the Flemings to assist his pretensions to
the crown of France, 396. His death, 437.

Arthur, Prince of the Silures, is the prince so celebrated by the British
bards, i. 24.

- posthumous son of Geoffrey, third son of King Henry II. of
England, invested in the dutchy of Britany, under the guardianship
of his grandfather, i. 456. Is declared successor by Richard I. on
his entering into a crusade, ii. 40. His title asserted by the barons
of the French provinces, ib. Is taken under protection of, and
educated by, Philip of France, 41. Joins with Philip, and com-
mits hostilities against his uncle John, 46. Is knighted, and marries
Philip's daughter, ib. Is taken prisoner by John, ib. His resolute
behaviour in a conference with him, 47. Is murdered by John,
ib.

Married to

Prince, eldest son of Henry VII. born, iii. 322.
Catharine of Aragon, 385. Dies, 386.
Articles, six, the law of, passed by the parliament, in the reign of
Henry VIII., for abolishing diversity of opinions in religion, iv. 194•
A view of them, ib. Numerous profecutions commenced on this act,
Is rigorously enforced, 212. The penalties on the marriage
of priests mitigated, 222. A farther mitigation of this law, 243.
This statute repealed, 306.

200.

Lords of. See Lords.

Artillery, reflections on the effects of, in war, ii. 432.

First used at the

battle of Crecy, ib. When first used at sieges, iii. 148. The art and
management of, improved sooner than fortification, 188.
Artois, Robert de, his character, and how he lost his patrimony,
ii. 393.
Is favourably received by Edward III. of England, ib.
Stimulates Edward to assert his pretensions to the crown of France,
ib. Joins the army of Edward on his invasion of France, 404.
routed at St. Omer's, ib. Is sent with English succours to Britany,
where he is killed, 420,

Is

Arts,

Arts, the advantages of cultivating in society, iii. 400. State of, dur
ing the reign of Charles I., vii. 341.

Arundel, Humphry, an insurrection in Devonshire excited and headed
by him, to oppose the Reformation, iv. 330. He is taken by Lord
Russel, and executed, ib.

Earl of, condemned by the House of Peers, and executed,

iii. 31.
Earl of, is appointed one of the commissioners, at Hampton-
court, to inquire into the conduct of Mary Queen of Scots, v. 139.
was the first who introduced coaches into England, 484.

Earl, of, is sent with an army to reduce the Scotch covenanters,
vi. 339.

Ascham, envoy from the English commonwealth to Madrid, murdered
there by banished royalists, vii. 250.

Ascue, Anne, cruelly tortured by Wriothesely, Chancellor, for denying
the real presence in the eucharist, iv. 257. Is burnt with other he
retics, ib.

Ashley, Lord, one of the cabal ministry, his character, vii. 458. Is made
Earl of Shaftesbury. See Shaftesbury.

Aske, Mr., raises an insurrection in the north of England, against
Henry VIII. under the name of the Pilgrimage of Grace, iv. 171.
Takes Hull and York, 172. Is joined by the Archbishop of York
and Lord Darcy, ib. His negotiations with the Duke of Norfolk,
sent against him, 173. His adherents separate, 174. Is executed,
175.

Assassins, whence the origin of the term derived, their prince, and his
dangerous authority and principles, ii. 18. Causes Conrade Marquis
of Monferrat to be assassinated, 19.

Assembly, General, of the church of Scotland, addresses Queen Mary
on occasion of the riot at the house of Alison Craig, v. 52. Ex-
horts Mary to change her religion, 88. Appoints a fast to free King
James from the danger of evil counsellors, 247. Is summoned by
James, 248. Votes any settlement between James and his mother a
most wicked undertaking, 250. Appoints a fast on the day fixed for
entertaining the French Ambassadors, ib. Is induced to submit to the
King's authority, and admit the jurisdiction of Bishops, vi. 89.
Admits the ceremonies enjoined by the King with great reluctance,
90. The Bishops neglect to summon it, 322. One summoned
under the influence of the covenanters, 333. Meets at Glasgow,
and abolishes episcopacy, 334. Concessions obtained of the King,
343. Meets by their own authority together with a convention of
states, 540. Concurs in delivering up the King to the English par-
liament, vii. 79.

of divines at Westminster, new regulation of religion by,
vii. 32. Votes the divine right of presbytery, 70. Its power restricted
by parliament, ib.

Astley, Lord, General for Charles I., is defeated by Colonel Morgan,
vii. 65.

Con-

Athelstan, natural son of Edward the Elder, his reign, i. 102.
spired against by Alfred, one of his nobles, 103. Appoints Sithric

the