Exclusion-bill, against James Duke of York, passed by the House of Com-
mons, viii. 105. Is resumed by the new parliament, 134. The ar-
guments urged for and against it, 135. Is passed by the Commons,
and rejected by the Lords, 139.

Excommunication, by the ecclesiastical courts in Scotland, the nature of,
explained, vi. 86.

Executions of criminals, the extraordinary number of, in the reign of
Henry VIII., and great decrease of, since, v. 533.

Exeter, besieged by Perkin Warbec, iii. 379. He raises the siege, 380.
-——, Courteney, Marquis of, enters into a conspiracy with Cardinal
Pole, iv. 187. Is executed for it, ib.

F

FAERIE Queen of Spenser, a character of that poem, v. 492.
Fag, a member of the House of Commons, is protected by the House
against an appeal in a law-suit to the House of Lords, viii. 14.
Fairfax, a character of his translation of Tasso, vi. 193.

Lord, commands for the King in the north of England, vi. 513.
Is defeated at Atherton-moor by the parliamentary forces, 535-
Raises forces and secures York, vii. 313. His death and character,
474, note. His daughter married to the Duke of Buckingham, ib.

Sir Thomas, defeats the royalists at Wakefield, vi. 535. Distin-
guishes himself in the battle of Horn Castle, ib. Reduces the Irish
forces under Lord Biron, vii. 7. Defeats Colonel Bellasis at Selby, 8.
Is joined by the Scots under the Earl of Leven, ib. Is joined by the
Earl of Manchester, and lays siege to York, 10. Defeats Prince Ru-
pert at Marston-moor, 12. Takes possession of York, 14.
Is ap-
pointed general in the room of Essex, 28. His scheme to retain
Cromwel in command, notwithstanding the self-denying ordinance, ib.
His character, 29. Battle of Naseby, 56. Defeats the King, 58. Re-
takes Leicester, 59. Reduces Bridgewater, Bath, and Sherborne, 60.
Takes Bristol, 61. Reduces the west of England, 62. His mode-
ration on the finishing of the war, 75. The army grows discontented,
and petitions him, 85. A parliament of agitators formed by his
army, 87. The King is seized and brought to the army without his
knowledge, ib. Cromwel is chosen general, 90. Is appointed, by
the parliament, general in chief of all the forces, 100. Takes Col-
chester, 128. The army under his nominal command, but under
Cromwel's influence, marches to London to purge the parliament,
131. His Lady interrupts the trial of the King, 137. How detained
from rescuing the King from execution, 145. Resigns, 188.
Falconbridge, Lord, successful stratagem of, at the battle of Touton,

iii. 218.

Falkirk, battle of, between Edward I. and the Scots, ii. 304.
Falkland, Lord, secretary to Charles I., assists the King in drawing up
his memorials against the Commons, vii. 502. Is killed at the battle
of Newbury, vi. 533. A short summary of his life and character, ib.
Is the first who affords any regular definition of the English consti-
tution, 583.

Famines

Famines in England, i. 142. 227. 360. ii. 127. 342. 364..

Farm-houses, remarks on the statute of Henry VII. for upholding,

iii. 403.

Fastolf, Sir John, defeats the Count of Dunois, who attacked his con-
voy to the siege of Orleans, iii. 140. Retreats from the French at
Patay, and is degraded from the order of the garter, 149.

Fauconberg, Lord, marries a daughter of Oliver Cromwel, vii. 276. Is
sent to Louis XIV. at Dunkirk, where he is honourably received,
280.

Fawkes de Breaute, seizes and imprisons a judge for finding verdicts
against his unjust practices in the reign of Henry III., ii. 154. His
punishment, ib.

-, Guy, an officer in the Spanish service is brought over to execute
the gunpowder plot, vi. 32. Is apprehended, 35. Discovers the
conspiracy, ib.

Fayal is taken by Sir Walter Raleigh, v. 383.

Fee-farm rents of the crown, Charles II. empowered by parliament to
sell them, viii. 456.

Felonies. See Criminals and Vagrants.

Felton, John, is executed for fixing the Pope's bull of excommuni-
cation against Queen Elizabeth on the gate of the Bishop of London's
palace, v. 172.

an account of his motives for attemping the life of Villiers
Duke of Buckingham, vi. 260. Stabs the Duke at Portsmouth, 261.
Is seized and examined, 262.

Fenelon, the French ambassador, declares his detestation of the massacre
at Paris, v. 206. His reception by Queen Elizabeth, when ordered
to represent it to her, ib.

Ferdinand, King of Arragon, loses his wife Isabella, Queen of Castile,
iii. 390. His daughter Joan married to Philip, Archduke of Austria,
ib. His character, ib. Obtains possession of Castile by the death of
Philip, 394. Agrees with Lewis XII. of France, on a seizure and
partition of the kingdom of Naples, 414. Seizes it for himself, ib.
Acquires the epithet of Catholic, 418. Glories in outwitting his
neighbours, 419. Deludes Henry VIII. into an expedition to Gui-
enne, to facilitate his conquest of Navarre, ib. Disavows the alliance
signed by his ambassador with Henry and Maximilian against France,
427. Engages in a treaty with Lewis, 451. Dies, and is succeeded
by his grandson Charles, iv. 12.

brother to the Emperor Charles V., is elected King of the
Romans, iv. 427.
Engages in an alliance to subdue the Bohe-
mians, vi. 102. Puts the Elector Palatine under the bann of the
empire, 112.

Feudal system, its introduction into England, i. 253. Extended to the
church, 254. State of, in England, at the accession of King Stephen,
349. Review of the disorders occasioned by, 466. Its operation in
England, ii. 77. Its origin, 101. The nature of it explained, 104.
The preference of possessions held under it, to allodial ones in the
early ages, shewn, 106. Its union with civil jurisdiction, 107. The
civil services implied under it, 109. State of the common people
under it, 111. Comparative view of its operation on hereditary and

LE 2

elective

elective monarchies, 112. The declension of, at the time of Richard II., iii. 59. The advantage of, in the early ages, 299. The decay of, to be dated from the revival of the arts, 301. Instance of the Barons being sensible of this, 302, note.

Feversham, Earl of, is sent by Charles II. with the terms of the pacification to Paris, viii. 36. Defeats the Duke of Monmouth at Sedgemoor, 229. His cruelty after the battle, 231.

Fictions in law, when first invented, and their use, ii. 320.

Fiefs, how they came to descend hereditarily in families, ii. 105. Fifteenths, and tenths, the nature, amount, and method of levying these taxes, vi. 173. Are changed into a land-tax, 175.

Finances. See Revenues.

Finch, Sir John, speaker of the House of Commons, is forcibly held in the chair, until a remonstrance is passed against tonnage and poundage, vi. 275. Is impeached by the long parliament, and flies to Holland, 371.

Fines, amerciaments, and oblates, the great and scandalous advantages made of, by the Anglo-Norman Kings, ii. 130. Arbitrarily exacted by Henry VII., iii. 365. 387.

and recoveries for breaking the entailments of estates, when first introduced, iii. 400.

Is

First-fruits, when first levied on ecclesiastical benefices, ii. 323. Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, reflects on the Commons, and offends the Duke of Norfolk, iv. 96. Refuses to take the oath regulating the succession of the crown, 119. Is attainted by parliament, 121. imposed on by the stories of the Holy Maid of Kent, 136. Is imprisoned on this account, 137. His cruel treatment, 138. Is created a Cardinal by the Pope, 139. Is condemned and beheaded for denying the King's supremacy, ib. Extract from a speech of his, on the proposal for suppressing the lesser monasteries, 456. Fitton, Chancellor of Ireland, his character and conduct, viii. 260. Fitz-Allan, Archbishop of Canterbury, excommunicates all who should oppose the proceedings of the Duke of Gloucester, and his party, against Richard II.'s ministry, iii. 23. Is removed from his office of Chancellor by the King, 24. Impeached by the Commons, banished, and his temporalities sequestered, 31.

Fitz-Arnulf, a citizen, hanged for a rebellious commotion in London, ii. 154.

Fitz-Gerald. See Fitz-Stephens.

Fitz-Harris, his case, viii. 151. Is impeached by the Commons, 153. Is tried by common law, and executed, 156.

Fitz-Osbet, a popular lawyer in the reign of Richard I., his oppressive practices, ii. 36. Is executed, 37.

Fitz-Richard, Mayor of London, joins the Barons and Leicester against Henry III., and encourages tumults in the city, ji. 198. Violently prolongs his authority, and aids Leicester by exciting seditions, 202. His bloody schemes disconcerted by the battle of Eversham, 217. Is punished by fine and imprisonment, 218.

Fitz-Stephens and Fitz-Gerald, engaged by Dermot, King of Leinster, to undertake an expedition to Ireland in his favour, i. 428. Their successes, ib. See Strongbow.

Fitz-Walter, Robert, chosen General of the Baron's army, on King John's refusal to confirm their liberties, ii. 83.

Five-mile act passed, viii. 408.

Flambard, Ralph, Bishop of Durham, dispossessed and imprisoned by Henry I., i. 317.

Flammoc, Thomas, a lawyer, heads an insurrection in Cornwal, against Henry VII., iii. 373. Encourages them with hopes of assistance in Kent, 374- Defeated and executed, 376.

Flanders, a summary view of the state of that territory at the time of Edward III., forming his pretensions to the crown of France, ii. 395Licentious popularity of James d'Arteville the brewer, ib. The Flemings assist Edward in his sea-fight with the French, 403. Their forces under Robert d'Artois, routed at St. Omers, 404. Siege of Tourney by Edward, 405. All commerce with, prohibited by Henry VII., iii. 361. Commissioners sent to London to treat of an accommodation, 378. The Intercursus magnus, or great treaty of commerce, concluded, ib. All English rebels excluded from, by this treaty, ib. A neutrality stipulated with, by Henry VIII., iv. 97. See Netherlands, and United Provinces.

Fleetwood, his speech in the House of Commons on the regal prerogative in granting patents, v. 178.

Colonel, marries Ireton's widow, and obtains the government of Ireland, vii. 267. Opposes his father-in-law's accepting the title of King, 274. Estranges himself from the protector, 283. Cabals against Richard, 295. Is appointed Lieutenant-general by the long parliament, now restored, 299. His commission vacated, 303. Instances of his fanaticism, 313.

Flesh meat, the statute prices of, in the reign of King Henry VIII.,

iv. 277.

Florence, revolts from the authority of the family of Medicis, iv. 83. Is again subdued to their sovereignty, 98.

Flouden, battle of, between the Earl of Surry and James IV. of Scotland, iii. 438.

Folkland, in the Saxon tenures, explained, i.

229.

Fontarrabia, fruitless expedition to, by Henry VIII., iii. 419. Is taken by the Emperor Charles V., iv. 52.

Fontralles, a French officer, his gallant expedition for the relief of Terrouane, besieged by Henry VIII., iii. 434.

Ford, Lady, taken prisoner by James IV. of Scotland, whose affections she gains, iii. 437.

Foreigners, their superiority to the English in arts, in the time of Henry VIII., iv. 274. An insurrection against them in London, ib. Edict of the Star-chamber against, 275.

Forests, severe laws renewed against offenders in, by Richard I., ii. 36. The oppressive nature of these laws, 136. A charter of, granted by Henry III., 147. Confirmed by Edward I., 292, 293. The perambulations of, made, and the boundaries fixed,

293.

Forma pauperis, suits in, first granted to the poor, iii. 398.
Forest, Friar, burnt for heresy in Scotland, iv. 215.

EE 3

Fortescu,

Fortescu, Sir Faithful, deserts from the Earl of Essex to the King, at the battle of Edge-hill, vi. 506.

Fotheringay-castle, Mary Queen of Scots tried there, v. 294. Is exe. cuted there, 319.

Formigni, battle of, the only action fought in defence of Normandy by the English, iii. 177.

Fox, Richard, his character, iii. 319. Becomes confidant to Henry VII., h. Called to the privy-council, and made Bishop of Exeter, 320. His translation to Winchester, and made privy-seal, ib. Admonishes Henry VIII. against his pleasures and extravagances, 410. Introduces Wolsey to him, 428. Supplanted in Henry's confidence by him, ib. His advice to Henry, on his retiring, iv. 4.

Bishop of Hereford, is sent by Henry VIII. to treat with the German Protestants, iv. 142. Is zealous for a thorough reformation, but dies, 189.

George, his enthusiastic disposition, vii. 333. Founds a new sect, who are denominated Quakers, ib.

France, is invaded by the Normans, i. 67. 137. Rollo the Dane obtains the province of Neustria, and marries the daughter of Charles the Simple, 138. Character of the Normans, 182. 316. See Normandy and William. State of, at the accession of Henry II. of England, 371. The Barons of England offer the crown to the Dauphin Lewis, ii. 94. Lewis goes over to England with an army, 95. Returns, 151. The province of Normandy ceded to Lewis IX. by Henry III. of England, 190. Mutual depredations committed by the ships of, and those of England, occasioned by a private quarrel, 260. The province of Guienne how recovered by, 263. Guienne restored, 297. New disputes with England concerning, 350. Cruel treatment of the Knights Templars there, 362. An inquiry into the foundation of the Salic law, 389. Edward III. of England assumes the title of, King of, 397. Edward's victory over the fleet of, 403. Normandy invaded and overrun by Edward, 426. Philip defeated at Crecy, by Edward, 433. State of France at the death of Philip, 449. Is invaded by Edward, and his son the Black Prince, in two parts, 452. John taken prisoner at Poictiers by Prince Edward, 458. Confused state of, on the King's captivity, 461. The populace renounce all government, and commit cruel outrages against the nobles, 463. Is invaded by Edward with a great army, 466. Peace of Bretigni, 469. John released, 470. He returns to London, and dies, 471. State of the kingdom at this period, 472. Is infested with bands of robbers, the remains of Edward's army, 473. regency of Charles VI. send assistance to the Scots, to invade England, iii. 12. The French return home disgusted, 13. Prepare to invade England, but hindered by a storm, ib. Motives to this invasion, ib. State of, at the commencement of Henry's V.'s war with that kingdom, 92. Comparison between the situation of Charles VI. and Richard II. of England, ib. Distracted by the contentions of the Burgundians and Armagnacs, 94. The share the university of Paris, the fraternities of butchers and carpenters, bore in these broils, 94. Continuation of the distractions in, 104. General confusion re

The

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